Fluid unmixing/immiscibility as an ore-forming process in the giant REE–Nb–Fe deposit, Inner Mongolian, China: Evidence from fluid inclusions

The giant Bayan Obo REE–Nb–Fe deposit consists of replacement bodies hosted in dolomite marble made up of magnetite, REE fluorocarbonates, fluorite, aegirine, amphibole, calcite and barite. Two or three phase CO₂-rich, three phase hypersaline liquid–vapor–solid, and two phase liquid-rich inclusions have been recognized in mineralized fluorite and quartz samples. Microthermometry measurements indicate that the carbonic phase in CO₂-rich inclusions is nearly pure CO₂. Fluids involving in REE–Nb–Fe mineralization at Bayan Obo might be mainly of H₂O–CO₂–NaCl–(F–REE) system. Coexistences of brine inclusions and CO₂-rich inclusions with similar homogenization temperatures give evidence that immiscibility happened during REE mineralization. An unmixing of an original H₂O–CO₂–NaCl fluid probably derived from carbonatitic magma. The presence of REE-carbonates as an abundant solid in fluid inclusions shows that the original ore-forming fluids are very rich in REE, and therefore, have the potential to produce economic REE ores at Bayan Obo.     

Temperature–composition–time (T–X–t) data from authigenic K-feldspar: An integrated methodology for dating fluid flow events

Integration of fluid inclusion analysis with high spatial resolution Ar–Ar dating of K-feldspar cements has been used to resolve and reconstruct palaeo-fluid flow. Fluid inclusion analysis allows discrimination of distinct cement phases, thereby identifying discrete episodes of fluid flow. Ar–Ar dating of the same cements via high spatial resolution laserprobe establishes absolute age constraints on the framework previously constructed. Integration of these two datasets yields temperature–composition–time data.     

The Ore-forming Fluid of the Gold Deposits of Muru Gold Belt in Eastern Shandong, China - a Case Study of Denggezhuang Gold Deposit

Abstract. Denggezhuang gold deposit is an epithermal gold‐quartz vein deposit in northern Muru gold belt, eastern Shandong, China. The deposit occurs in the NNE‐striking faults within the Mesozoic granite. The deposit consists of four major veins with a general NNE‐strike. Based on crosscutting relationships and mineral parageneses, the veins appear to have been formed during the same mineralization epochs, and are further divided into three stages: (1) massive barren quartz veins; (2) quartz‐sulfides veins; (3) late, pure quartz or calcite veinlets. Most gold mineralization is associated with the second stage. The early stage is characterized by quartz, and small amounts of ore minerals (pyrite), the second stage is characterized by large amounts of ore minerals. Fluid inclusions in vein quartz contain C‐H‐O fluids of variable compositions. Three main types of fluid inclusions are recognized at room temperature: type I, two‐phase, aqueous vapor and an aqueous liquid phase (L+V); type II, aqueous‐carbonic inclusions, a CC₂‐liquid with/without vapor and aqueous liquid (LCO₂+VCC₂+Laq.); type III, mono‐phase aqueous liquid (Laq.). Data from fluid inclusion distribution, microthermometry, and gas analysis indicate that fluids associated with Au mineralized quartz veins (stage 2) have moderate salinity ranging from 1.91 to 16.43 wt% NaCl equivalent (modeled salinity around 8–10 wt% NaCl equiv.). These veins formatted at temperatures from 80d? to 280d?C. Fluids associated with barren quartz veins (stage 3) have a low salinity of about 1.91 to 2.57 wt% NaCl equivalent and lower temperature. There is evidence of fluid immiscibility and boiling in ore‐forming stages. Stable isotope analyses of quartz indicate that the veins were deposited by waters with δ^O and δD values ranging from those of magmatic water to typical meteoric water. The gold metallogenesis of Muru gold belt has no relationship with the granite, and formed during the late stage of the crust thinning of North China.     

马朗凹陷马1井储层长石中有机包裹体研究

根据对马朗凹陷马1井储层长石中有机包裹体的基本特征、均一温度、荧光及荧光光谱分析，得出有机包裹体均一温度为60～90℃．120～140℃，其对应的荧光颜色分别为黄色和蓝绿色。认为储层的油气运移经历了两期，第一期为烃类的主要运移、聚集期，油气为低成熟油；第二期为少量的烃类聚集，并判断出二叠系条湖组该段储层为油气产层。     

江西彭山锡多金属矿田地质地球化学特征研究

彭山锡多金属矿田位于长江中下游的九瑞地区，是近年来发现的一个以富锡、铅、锌矿产为主的大型矿田。以黑云母二长花岗岩与二云母碱长化岗岩组成的彭山隐伏岩体为中心，各类金属矿床呈“晕圈式”分布。矿床的形成分为2个成矿期共7个阶段，通过对彭山岩体、典型矿床及围岩中的硫同位素、铅同位素、包裹体及稀土资料进行分析，反映出燕山晚期钙碱性花岗岩体的缦位与多金属矿床的形成有着密切的联系，岩浆活动为本区提供了大量的成矿物质。     

胶东中生代构造体制转折过程中流体演化和金的大规模成矿

胶东是我国最大的金矿产出集中区,依据矿床和矿点的密集程度,可分为招远-莱州-平度、蓬莱-栖霞、牟平-乳山三个成矿带,区域内金矿类型可主要分为石英脉型和蚀变岩型。高精度的单矿物 Ar-Ar、Rb-Sr 同位素及热液锆石离子探针测年研究业已证买,金成矿的时代为120±10Ma,金矿床载金矿物-黄铁矿、矿石-黄铁矿石英脉、控矿围岩-花岗岩和变质岩等及伴生脉岩的 Sr-Nd 放射性同位素研究也证明,金成矿物质具有多源性,既来自于控矿围岩-花岗岩和变质岩,又来自于幔源的岩浆岩,流体包裹体研究表明,各类金矿具有一致的成矿流体介质条件,为低盐度 H_2O-CO_2-NaCl±CH_4流体,金成矿温度、压力条件近似,主成矿温度为170～335℃,成矿压力为70～250MPa。氢氧等稳定同位素结果表明,成矿流体可能来源于与金矿床伴生的基性幔源岩浆脱水形成的岩浆水,但在地壳浅部遭受到大气降水的混合。因此,胶东各类型金矿是在同一成矿背景下形成的矿床,与区域内中生代构造体制转折作用有关,也是中生代构造体制转折的表现形式之一。     

三种类型烃-烃不混溶包裹体组合的特征和热力学条件的计算

在自然界广泛分布着烃-烃不混溶体系中捕获的流体包裹体,由于这些包裹体具有复杂的组成和相态,因此不混溶包裹体组合的判别和热力学参数的计算常常难以进行。根据烃-烃不混溶体系中两个端员组分流体包裹体室温下的相态特征和在温度-压力平面图上等容线交点显示的位置,划分成三种类型流体包裹体组合,本介绍了三种类型流体包裹体组合特征,叙述了不混溶烃-烃包裹体组合的测定和判别方法,并且阐述均一化包裹体相态方程和气-液平衡常数原理和方法与此同时列举了自然界简单的三种类型不混溶烃-烃包裹体组合的测定、判别和计算的几个实例,利用相态方程和气-液平衡常数,不但精确地计算出包裹体均一压力,并且精确地计算出流体密度和体积等热力学参数。最后,利用均一成气相和液相的两种包裹体在 p-T 平面图上等容线交点同样计算出流体包裹体组合的捕获温度和压力。     

平落坝储层有机包裹体特征与气藏形成过程研究

通过储集层成岩作用与有机包裹体的研究认为,研究区储集层有机包裹体主要通过交代和重结晶作用而形成,有各种相态形式,主要分布在石英颗粒内溶蚀缝或孔隙中,构造裂缝中基本未见有机包裹体。上三叠统储集层包裹体丰度明显高于侏罗系沙溪庙组。香二气藏砂岩有机包裹体均一温度主峰在 10 0～ 110℃;沙溪庙气藏砂岩有机包裹体均一温度主峰在 90～ 10 0℃。香二气藏形成时间早,经历了印支期少量注入到印支期末-喜山早期大量注入,再到喜山晚期调整、部分注入的过程。沙溪庙气藏天然气注入则主要发生于喜山运动期。     

鄂尔多斯古生界流体包裹体特征及其与油气演化关系

对鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩、石炭-二叠系石英砂岩成岩作用研究的基础上,分别对上述岩石流体包裹体作了初步研究。奥陶系碳酸盐岩包裹体均一温度具有三个区段 :6 0～ 10 0℃,10 0～ 16 0℃,16 0～ 2 2 0℃;石炭-二叠系石英砂岩包裹体均一温度三个区段为 90～ 110℃,12 0～ 14 0℃,16 0～ 2 2 0℃。并利用包裹体测温资料结合已有的镜质体反射率、磷灰石裂变径迹等研究成果,对流体包裹体在鄂尔多斯盆地油气田形成、演化中应用作了初步探讨。     

大别山晓天—磨子潭断裂带石英脉流体包裹体的特征及其构造意义

晓天—磨子潭断裂流体包裹体的均一温度、盐度和捕俘压力研究结果表明:晓天—磨子潭断裂中石英脉中流体主要来自浅部,有多期次流体包裹体,流体包裹体的均一温度分为三个区间:140～180℃、190～240℃和270～340℃,反映了至少经历了三次强烈的流体活动。流体包裹体的盐度<10%,捕获压力<1.350×108Pa。总体上越靠近晓天—磨子潭断裂,包裹体的均一温度和盐度越高,捕获压力越大,局部地区的差异,能从断裂对流体控制上得到合理的解释;另外,流体包裹体的均一温度、盐度和捕获压力,在不同的显微构造,围岩性质、构造环境和时空范围中,发生不同的变化。一方面多次构造活动和热事件的驱动流体活动,另一方面流体的活动,降低了岩石脆—韧性变形的温压条件,促进了岩石的变形。