马朗凹陷马1井储层长石中有机包裹体研究

根据对马朗凹陷马1井储层长石中有机包裹体的基本特征、均一温度、荧光及荧光光谱分析，得出有机包裹体均一温度为60～90℃．120～140℃，其对应的荧光颜色分别为黄色和蓝绿色。认为储层的油气运移经历了两期，第一期为烃类的主要运移、聚集期，油气为低成熟油；第二期为少量的烃类聚集，并判断出二叠系条湖组该段储层为油气产层。     

CCSD在线流体监测捕获的气体地球化学异常与2004年9．3级苏门答腊地震可能的超远程关系

中国大陆科学钻探工程在线流体地球化学监测在2004年12月10至2005年1月10日之间捕获到一段重要的气体地球化学异常。该异常从2004年12月24日晚上11点半开始到12月29日晚上7点半结束,其中在12月26日早上7点半到29日晚7点半这段异常非常特殊,表现出流体地球化学的剧烈变化。具体表现为流体组分从基本上不含Ar、He及N2跳跃到富含Ar、但亏损He和N2。该异常发生在2004年9.3级苏门答腊地震前1个半小时。由于CCSD现场离苏门答腊地震震中距离大于4170公里,大于该地震破裂长度1200公理的3倍,该地震在CCSD现场产生的静态应力变化微乎其微,不足以导致CCSD现场深部岩石或封闭破裂的岩石物理性质剧烈变化,因而可以排除静态激发效应的作用。在我国的云南和广东等地所观测到的地震异常和地下水位变化等表明2004年苏门答腊地震的动态激发效应主要沿东北方向,这和大地震的动态激发具有方向性一致。而CCSD现场就位于该方向上。我们推测2004年苏门答腊地震所产生的面波在CCSD现场激发的动态效应,导致库仑型失稳,增进深部岩石或破裂带的渗透率,释放富含Ar但亏损He和N2的流体,产生CCSD所观测到的气体异常。     

1998年南海夏季风低频振荡特征分析

利用NCEP/NCAR1998年再分析资料和SST资料，研究了南海夏季风的低频振荡特征。结果表明，南海夏季风的低频振荡对南海夏季风的爆发具有加强的作用；南海低频低层辐合（散）区对应低频降水正（负）值区；南海地区的大气低频振荡以向北、向东传播为主，南海地区低频散度在垂直方向呈现出相互补偿的特征。     

大别山晓天—磨子潭断裂带石英脉流体包裹体的特征及其构造意义

晓天—磨子潭断裂流体包裹体的均一温度、盐度和捕俘压力研究结果表明:晓天—磨子潭断裂中石英脉中流体主要来自浅部,有多期次流体包裹体,流体包裹体的均一温度分为三个区间:140～180℃、190～240℃和270～340℃,反映了至少经历了三次强烈的流体活动。流体包裹体的盐度<10%,捕获压力<1.350×108Pa。总体上越靠近晓天—磨子潭断裂,包裹体的均一温度和盐度越高,捕获压力越大,局部地区的差异,能从断裂对流体控制上得到合理的解释;另外,流体包裹体的均一温度、盐度和捕获压力,在不同的显微构造,围岩性质、构造环境和时空范围中,发生不同的变化。一方面多次构造活动和热事件的驱动流体活动,另一方面流体的活动,降低了岩石脆—韧性变形的温压条件,促进了岩石的变形。     

Strike-slip fault bridge fluid pumping mechanism: insights from field-based palaeostress analysis and numerical modelling

We present a finite-element study of stress perturbation in evolving compressive and extensional strike-slip fault bridges. The results are compared with a fracture study of a compressive bridge at St Donats, UK. Horizontally interbedded calcareous mudstone and bioclastic calcilutite at St Donats have a distinct vertical permeability anisotropy. This sedimentary sequence behaves as a set of horizontal aquifers. The fluid flow in these aquifers is sensitive to mean stress gradients. Paleostress analysis of field fracture data, verified by finite-element modelling, indicates a rotation of σ₁ towards parallelism with boundary faults inside the growing compressive bridge. Boundary faults and bridge faults recorded numerous fluid flow events. The modelled mean stress pattern shows a regional maximum within the bridge and local maxima/minima pairs at boundary fault tips.Finite-element modelling of an extensional bridge indicates that σ₃ rotates towards parallelism with boundary faults. The mean stress pattern is similar to the pattern in compressive bridge but with maxima and minima locations interchanged. The stress patterns are reestablished by each stress build-up preceding the rupturation of the boundary faults throughout the development stages of strike-slip fault bridges. Mean stress gradients developed pre-failure control the fluid flow in fractures of the strike-slip fault system at and after the end of each stress build-up and the fluid flow in boundary faults post-failure. Fracture reactivation and new fracture generation within an evolving bridge is a process consisting of multiple successive events that retain the storage capacity of the bridge. Rupture and sealing of the main bounding-faults is a step-wise process that opens and closes fluid conduits between areas with different pressures.     

Where the buffalo roam: Boundaries and the politics of scale in the yellowstone region

For more than twenty years, the state of Montana has pursued a controversial policy of lethal control to manage winter migrations of bison from Yellowstone National Park. In the late 1990s, as the state and a number of federal agencies attempted to cooperatively outline a more palatable scenario for bison management, local environmental groups became active participants in the debate. This paper examines the strategies pursued by these organizations in the course of their attempt to construct a new, ecosystem-level territorial space and jurisdictional scale for bison, and places their struggle within the context of existing work in geography on the politics of scale. Ultimately, the failure of their efforts illustrates some of the important constraints faced by social groups that attempt to create new territorial regimes and new scales of resistance in the interstices of existing political structures.     

GEOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF MAJOR ELEMENTS DURING FLUID-ROCKS INTERACTION IN MARINWOBO FAULT IN THE SOUTH MARGIN AREAS OF ALTAI MOUNTAINS

There are four types of metamorphic rocks in the Marinwobo fault, i. e, cataclasite, mylonite,mictosite and migmatitic granite, and the formation of these rocks is due to the progressive metamorphism of the pyroclastics. The fluids play a very important role in the metamorphic process of these rocks in the Marinwobo fault, the most important feature is that the fluids not only result in the migration of the major elements of the deformation rocks, but also result in the volume loss of the deformation rocks in the deformation process. Thus the migration laws of the major elements in different stages of the progressive metamorphic process are discussed according to mass balance equations. Finally, the quantitative analysis of the mass loss and volume loss of the different rocks the in Marinwobo fault is discussed in this paper.     

EXPERIMENTAL AND FIELD STUDY ON MINING-PIT MIGRATION

1 INTRODUCTION Because of the large quantity of sand and gravel in their beds, rivers have always been considered as a major source of sand and gravel for civil works. Acceptable quality, ease of extraction and economy are some of the reasons could be mentioned. Unfortunately, specific laws and regulations regarding the safe in-stream mining have not been provided for users and officials. What should be taken into account are the effects of over-mining of sand and gravel, which can cause …     

基于波动方程的广义屏叠前深度偏移

地震波传播算子的计算效率和精度是制约三维叠前深度偏移的关键因素. 广义屏传播算子(GSP, Generalized Screen Propagator)是一种在双域中实现的广角单程波传播算子. 这一方法略去了在非均匀体之间发生的交混回响,但它可以正确处理包括聚焦、衍射、折射和干涉在内的各种多次前向散射现象. 通过背景速度下的相移和扰动速度下的陡倾角校正,广义屏算子能够适应地层速度的强烈横向变化. 这种算子可以直接应用于炮集叠前偏移,通过将广义屏算子作用于双平方根方程,还可以获得一种高效率、高精度的炮检距域叠前深度偏移方法,用于二维共炮检距道集和三维共方位角道集的深度域成像. 本文首先简述了炮检距域广义屏传播算子的理论,进而讨论了共照射角成像(CAI, Common Angle Imaging)条件,由此给出各个不同照射角(炮检距射线参数)下的成像结果,进而得到共照射角像集. 由于照射角和炮检距的对应关系,共照射角像集又为偏移速度分析和AVO(振幅随炮检距变化)分析等提供了有力工具.