藏南沙拉岗锑矿流体包裹体红外显微测温研究

沙拉岗锑矿是藏南金锑成矿带内最具有代表性的锑矿床。为了更直接地了解该矿床的流体物理化学特征,本文利用红外显微镜对辉锑矿及紧密共生石英中的流体包裹体进行了显微测温研究。红外显微测温分析结果表明,辉锑矿中包裹体均一温度在134.9～221.9℃,峰值在160～190℃之间,盐度在1.7%～7.3%NaCleqv,峰值在5.0%～6.0%NaCleqv之间,密度在0.879～0.958g/cm3之间,平均值为0.934g/cm3;共生石英中包裹体均一温度在142.5～205.6℃,峰值在160～190℃之间,盐度在2.3%～7.0%NaCleqv,峰值在4.0%～6.0%NaCleqv之间,密度在0.910～0.947g/cm3之间,平均值为0.929g/cm3。通过对比研究认为沙拉岗辉锑矿及共生石英形成于同一物理化学条件,捕获同一成矿流体。结合石英中单个流体包裹体激光拉曼成分分析认为成矿流体为含微量CO2、N2、CH4气体的低温、低盐度和低密度的NaCl-H2O热液体系。成矿流体的沸腾作用是辉锑矿大量沉淀主要原因。     

山东金岭金矿床成矿流体地球化学特征

对山东金岭金矿矿石中的流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温及单个包裹体成分激光拉曼光谱研究。结果表明:金矿石中发育含CO2相、气液两相和CO2相等三类包裹体,成矿过程中,流体经历了NaCl-H2O-CO2体系的不混溶作用;成矿流体具有低盐度(6.6%~10.8%NaCleqv)、低密度(0.54~0.93g.cm-3)的特点;成矿温度集中于280~300℃之间,成矿压力为70~119MPa,成矿深度为6.78~9.07km;矿石石英中流体包裹体成分普遍含CO2。结合新近的流体包裹体同位素分析结果和测年数据,认为成矿流体为地幔流体、岩浆流体和大气降水的混合产物,矿床成因类型为幔源流体参与成矿的造山型金矿床中成亚类。     

相山牛头山地区铀矿床深部多金属成矿流体特征与成矿物质来源探讨

最新的研究与钻探结果揭示,相山铀矿田深部蕴藏丰富的铜铅锌多金属矿产资源,矿田具有"上铀、下多金属"的资源空间展布样式,对这种新型矿床的形成机制迄今尚未得到阐明。文章在野外地质调查基础上,研究铀多金属矿石中矿物共生组合和流体包裹体特征,初步揭示了含矿流体的性质及其成矿机制。新的资料表明,铀矿化下部的多金属成矿作用可以划分为3期:第1期形成粒状石英-黄铁矿组合;第2期形成石英-闪锌矿-黄铜矿-方铅矿-毒砂-菱铁矿组合;第3期形成方铅矿-辉银矿-黝锡矿-方解石组合。对不同矿化期次脉石矿物中的流体包裹体进行观察鉴定、温度测试、激光拉曼成分分析及硫化物S同位素分析研究。结果表明,相山矿田多金属成矿流体早期为深部岩浆来源的富CO2流体,晚期为深部流体与大气降水混合物。成矿流体总体为中低温(120～300℃)、低盐度(w(NaCleq)=4%～8%)的热液流体。从早到晚,多金属成矿流体从中温、低盐度向低温、低盐度演化,浅部流体的混入造成的流体物理化学条件改变可能是Cu、Pb和Zn等成矿元素沉淀的主要机制。     

辽宁庄河鞍子山超单元岩浆侵位变形构造

鞍子山超单元由4个单元组成,各单元不同程度地发育岩浆侵位变形构造。侵位变形构造主要由叶理构造组成,闪长质包体,钾长石斑晶总体按优选方位定向,三者产状一致,平行接触带分布。从早期单元至晚期单元,随着岩浆侵位叶理构造变形强度减弱,闪长质包体数量减少,压扁变形程度降低,钾长石斑晶从明显按优选方位定向到杂乱分布。根据上述特征,将该超单元浆侵位变形、中等侵位变形、弱侵位变形及基本无侵位变形4个带。     

广丰新生代基性岩多世代辉石矿物学特征及意义

穿插在江西广丰早白垩纪红盆中的碱性基性岩，K—Ar年龄为40．6Ma,基性岩中辉石有基质、斑晶二种类型三个世代，早世代辉石斑晶为巨晶、堆晶，是“Ⅱ型包体”；晚世代辉石斑晶为小斑晶、堆晶；伴生有适量橄榄石斑晶；最晚晶出的是基质中的辉石。多世代辉石的出现为反演该区深部地质特征提供了依据。     

西藏羊八井地热田水热蚀变

本文对羊八井地热田钻扎ZK-201、ZK-301和ZK-308的岩心进行了较系统的蚀变矿物学、岩石学和流体包体研究。划分出6个蚀变矿物共生组合及蚀变分带,讨论了蚀变过程中岩石化学变化的特点,并推测了蚀变的温度和酸碱度条件。研究表明,热田曾处于极度的活动状态,最高温度达220-240℃,由于冷水的入侵,热田在目前钻探所及范围已冷却了50-70℃。蚀变矿物分布模式表明,目前热田流体主通道位于北部,热田进一步的开发应以寻找北部深部高温流体为主。     

基于同步挤压小波变换的烃类识别技术

利用频谱分解得到的频率能量数据体进行属性提取,是烃类检测的常用手段之一.同步挤压小波变换能够提供高分辨率的时频谱,具有较好的应用潜力.本文以同步挤压小波变换为基础,提出了一套烃类检测方法,包括低频阴影检测、流体流动性估计以及高频能量衰减等,通过自适应选取优势频段,实现了多属性联合高精度刻画烃类的分布范围.实际资料处理结果与现有钻井情况吻合,具有较好的实用性,实现了对储层位置的高精度描述,对指导油气田开发具有重要的理论意义和实用价值.     

Hydrothermal mixing,carbonate dissolution and sulfide precipitation in Mississippi Valley-type deposits

A large number of Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) deposits are located within dissolution zones in carbonate host rocks. Some genetic models propose the existence of cavities generated by an earlier event such as a shallow karstification, that were subsequently filled with hydrothermal minerals. Alternative models propose carbonate dissolution caused by the simultaneous precipitation of sulfides. These models fail to explain either the deep geological setting of the cavities, or the observational features which suggest that the dissolution of carbonates and the precipitation of minerals filling the cavities are not strictly coeval. We present a genetic model inspired by the textural characteristics of MVT deposits that accounts for both the dissolution of carbonate and precipitation of sulfides and later carbonates in variable volumes. The model is based on the mixing of two hydrothermal fluids with a different chemistry. Depending on the proportion of the end members, the mixture dissolves and precipitates carbonates even though the two mixing solutions are both independently saturated in carbonates. We perform reactive transport simulations of mixing of a regional groundwater and brine ascending through a fracture, both saturated in calcite, but with different overall chemistries (Ca and carbonate concentrations, pH, etc). As a result of the intrinsic effects of chemical mixing, a carbonate dissolution zone, which is enhanced by acid brines, appears above the fracture, and another zone of calcite precipitation builds up between the cavity and the surrounding rock. Sulfide forms near the fracture and occupies a volume smaller than the cavity. A decline of the fluid flux in the fracture would cause the precipitation of calcite within the previously formed cavities. Therefore, dissolution of carbonate host rock, sulfide precipitation within the forming cavity, and later filling by carbonates may be part of the same overall process of mixing of fluids in the carbonate host rock.Editorial handling: C. Everett     

云南兰坪北部铜多金属矿化区成矿流体流动与矿化分带——流体包裹体和稳定同位素依据

滇西兰坪盆地北部发育了一类受逆冲推覆构造控制的浅成热液Cu—Ag—Pb-Zn矿化，形成了白秧坪、富隆厂、吴底厂、麻栗坪及金满、科登涧等大-中型矿床和矿点，并存在矿化分带。文章利用这些矿化脉体的流体包裹体和热液方解石的碳氧同位素组成资料，研究成矿流体与矿化分带的关系。结果表明，成矿流体主要属于NaCl-H2O成分体系，盐度ω(NaCleq)为2％～11％，形成温度为170～300℃，形成于1．8～3．8km深度内，这些相似性说明这类矿化的发生具有相似的流体性质和沉淀机制。热液方解石在δ^13C-δ^18O图解中呈近水平线展布的型式，指示流体源自地壳浅部的地下水系统，与海相灰岩等围岩作用形成了溶解碳以[HCO3^]-为主的成矿流体，流体与岩石的相互作用可能是成矿流体沉淀的主要机理。从西到东，流体包裹体的盐度-温度由高到低变化与矿化分带和逆冲推覆构造的根带→中带→锋带相配套，显示重力驱动流动可能是主要的流体流动机制。成矿流体在不同构造部位流动的通畅及流体．岩石系统的封闭-开放程度等流体流动性质与矿化发生的强度和规模有关，兰坪北部逆冲推覆构造中带的流体通畅地流动及沉淀时处于相对开放状态，有利于该区形成较大规模的浅成热液多金属矿化。     

Methods for locating the proper position of a planned fishway entrance near a hydropower tailrace

The spatial distribution of upstream migrating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) spawners was studied in 2008 and 2009 in the surroundings of the tailrace from a hydropower station in the River Umeälven. This area is problematic because the fish have difficulties finding their way into the original riverbed, which prompted an investigation on the feasibility of adding a fishway in the area. Echo sounding was used in 2008 to investigate the spatial use of fish in the tailrace channel during the time of salmon migration. Presence of other fish species was so low that all echo sounding detections were assumed to be salmon. In 2009, data on wild radio-tagged salmon (n = 94) was collected in the same tailrace by an array of underwater antennas with a detection radius of approximately 10 m, to validate the results from the echo sounding. Both types of surveys showed aggregations of fish in one part of the tailrace. As a final step, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling was performed to analyze hydrodynamics. This CFD modeling showed a coincidence of fish detections in areas with turbulence intensities between 0.6 and 0.8, which may be an indication that the fish are holding in these areas to reduce energy expenditure during migration. A high proportion of the radio-tagged salmon were observed in the tailrace area (a median of 21 days between their first and last detection), indicating that the salmon are delayed in their upstream migration by the attraction to the tailrace in this area. The overall data on fish behavior in the tailrace led us to suggest a location for a new fishway where the fish aggregation was most pronounced. The number of detections from either technology had similar distributions over the tailrace, suggesting that the results are comparable. Thus, the split beam echo sounder can preferably be used to investigate which location is most appropriate for locations of entrances to new fishways since many more individual fishes are covered by this method compared to telemetry. Furthermore, there is no need to handle the fish in the echo sounding studies as is required in telemetry studies.