New style of honeycomb structures revealed on 3D seismic data indicate widespread diagenesis offshore Great South Basin,New Zealand

In the Great South Basin, within the Eocene section, at time-depths around 700–900 ms two way time below the seafloor, unusual features are observed on 3D seismic data closely associated with polygonal faults. The features, referred to as honeycomb structures (HS), cover an area of ∼600 km², are packed circular, oval, to polygonal depressions 150–400 m across in plan view and several to 10 + m in amplitude. Polygonal faults rapidly die out at the Marshall Paraconformity, which is overlain by the Oligocene Penrod Formation. Hence the polygonal faults are inferred to have formed prior to the Marshall Paraconformity, and they cross-cut HS features. Consequently the top of the HS probably formed at burial depths of around 375–500 m, which is their decompacted depth below the paraconformity. The interval containing HS is about 125 m vertical thick. There are several possible origins for the HS. The most probable is related to bulk contraction of the sediment volume accompanied by fluid expulsion, which suggests a diagenetic origin, in particular the opal-A/CT transition. There are actually two polygonal fault systems (PFS) present in the area. The Southern Tier 1 PFS lies laterally to the HS and overlaps with it. The Northern PFS (Tier 2) lies above the HS, appears to be independent of the HS, and formed in the upper 200–300 m of the sediment column. The Tier 1 PFS probably formed by shear failure related to the same diagenetic effects that caused the HS.     

Pressure significance of gas chimneys

Analysis was carried out of part of the northern North Sea to test what the presence and style of gas chimneys indicate about fluid pressure (P_f) within hydrocarbon reservoirs. Previous results suggest that broad chimneys above a trap and thin chimneys on the flanks indicate the presence of hydrocarbons, whilst thin chimneys in the crest suggest the hydrocarbons have escaped. Each type of gas chimney is usually associated with overpressure within Mesozoic reservoirs, but the water leg is hydrostatically-pressured in most Cenozoic reservoirs. This indicates: (a) gas leaking from a trap does not necessarily cause P_f to become hydrostatic; (b) overpressure may not be necessary for the expulsion of gasses through seal units to create the chimneys; (c) although gas chimneys indicate the existence of an active hydrocarbon system, their presence does not appear to indicate anything significant about present-day P_f.     

作为赋存于花岗岩中钨锡矿化勘探指南的流体包裹体异常——前景展望

Studies of the distribution and abundance of fluid inclusions in granitic quartz associated with granite-hosted Sn-W mineralization of the British Isles reveal local and regional scale anomalies.At a sampling interval of c.5～50m,inclusion abundances increase towards zones of vein and stockwork mineralization exemplified by case history examples from exploration prospects in the Mourne Mountains of Northern Ireland and the Carrock Fell mining district of northwestern England.These steam aureoles provide a greater exploration target than the zone of visible alteration and mineralization and the lithogeochemical halo.But it is important to link them to geochemical data on fluid inclusion compositions,such as the semi-quantitative data from decrepitation-linked,ICP-AES (D-ICP)analysis,to optimize their exploration potential.Regional scale fluid inclusion anomalies,based on sampling intervals of c. 2km from the Sn-W mineralized granites of southwest England also broadly correlate with zones of intense mineralization in some areas. Regional-scale D-ICP analyses of quartz from SW England granites did not provide any convincing regional scale anomalies linked to mineralization except for positive boron anomalies around the centrally-mineralized Birch Tor area of the Dartmoor granite.Follow-up D-ICP analysis of quartz from stream sediments from this area,however,could be used to discriminate between samples related to mineralization from those draining unmineralized areas,using multivariate statistical analysis.At the present stage of development, the main contribution of fluid inclusion studies to mineral exploration is mostly limited to the conceptual stage where they continue to contribute to ore genetic theory and models.Costs and lack of knowledge transfer between research scientists and mineral explorationists limit their direct use during regional and target selection stages of exploration.Analysis of steam sediment quartz,using the more sensitive ICP-MS technique as a variant of the D-ICP method,appears to offer the greatest potential for future development as an exploration tool.     

海底热液沉积物中流体包裹体的研究进展

最近几个新兴起的海底热液沉积物中流体包裹体的研究可以解决许多利用常规矿物学和地球化学方法无法解决的重要科学问题,本文总结了该领域研究工作的进展,探讨了技术手段或方法上的发展及局限性,提出对热液沉积物中透明矿物的大范围显微测温对比分析和非透明矿物分温度段释放包裹体气候相结合,从而获取不同类型和不同成矿阶段包裹体物化指标及成分特征,进而研究热液循环机制及成矿作用过程的思路,对热液沉积物中流体包裹体研究     

Petroleum accumulation and leakage in a deeply buried carbonate reservoir,Níspero field (Mexico)

The filling history of the Níspero deeply buried Lower Cretaceous carbonate reservoir (below 4000 m) from the south part of Gulf of Mexico was studied using a combination of data from petrography, stable isotopes and fluid inclusions and compared with a one-dimensional burial model to derive timing.     

藏南沙拉岗锑矿流体包裹体红外显微测温研究

沙拉岗锑矿是藏南金锑成矿带内最具有代表性的锑矿床。为了更直接地了解该矿床的流体物理化学特征,本文利用红外显微镜对辉锑矿及紧密共生石英中的流体包裹体进行了显微测温研究。红外显微测温分析结果表明,辉锑矿中包裹体均一温度在134.9～221.9℃,峰值在160～190℃之间,盐度在1.7%～7.3%NaCleqv,峰值在5.0%～6.0%NaCleqv之间,密度在0.879～0.958g/cm3之间,平均值为0.934g/cm3;共生石英中包裹体均一温度在142.5～205.6℃,峰值在160～190℃之间,盐度在2.3%～7.0%NaCleqv,峰值在4.0%～6.0%NaCleqv之间,密度在0.910～0.947g/cm3之间,平均值为0.929g/cm3。通过对比研究认为沙拉岗辉锑矿及共生石英形成于同一物理化学条件,捕获同一成矿流体。结合石英中单个流体包裹体激光拉曼成分分析认为成矿流体为含微量CO2、N2、CH4气体的低温、低盐度和低密度的NaCl-H2O热液体系。成矿流体的沸腾作用是辉锑矿大量沉淀主要原因。     

scattering and refracting of plane strain wave by a cylindrical inclusion in fluidsaturated soils

ＳｃａｔｅｒｉｎｇａｎｄｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｎｇｏｆｐｌａｎｅｓｔｒａｉｎｗａｖｅｂｙａｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａｌｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｉｎｆｌｕｉｄｓａｔｕｒａｔｅｄｓｏｉｌｓＹＡＹＵＡＮＨＵ（胡亚元）ＬＩＺＨＯＮＧＷＡＮＧ（王立忠）ＹＵＮＭＩＮＣＨ...     

新疆阔尔真阔腊金矿床成矿流体包裹体研究

新疆西北部阔尔真阔腊金矿床是产于海西期岛弧型钙碱性火山岩中的火山晚期热液型金矿床。流体包裹体研究表明,成矿阶段(Ⅰ)包裹体为气相包裹体,均一温度为308～396℃,盐度为5．86～8．41wt％NaCl;主成矿阶段(Ⅱ、Ⅲ)为气液包裹体,均一温度分别为209～276℃(Ⅱ)、119～198℃(Ⅲ),盐度分别为5．11～7．86wt％NaCl(Ⅱ)、2．74～6．17wt％NaCl(Ⅲ)。石英流体包裹体成分测定采用分阶段法,有效地排除了不同成矿阶段包裹体成分的影响,准确地测出了成矿阶段(Ⅰ)和主成矿阶段(Ⅱ、Ⅲ)包裹体的成分,结果表明成矿流体具Na^ -H^--Cl^--H2O型中低温、低盐特征,金主要以金硫络合物的形式迁移,金矿化是在还原条件下进行。主成矿阶段包裹体中水的氢同位素组成为-83．97～-89．07‰,氧同位素组成为1．8～3．2‰,成矿流体是岩浆热液与古大气降水混合而成。流体混合及水-岩反应是造成本区金沉淀成矿的主要因素。     

油气和含油气包裹体及其在油气地质地球化学研究中的意义

本文在综合前人研究的基础上，结合笔者的工作经验，提出了一个实用的油气和含油气包裹体分类方案，详细论述了各类油气和含油气包裹体的相态、组成和均一温度特征。在同一油气藏，均一温度越高，油相包裹体中的气态烃和挥发份的含量也越高。依据油相包裹体的均一温度的变化及其与同生水溶液包裹体的均一温度的关系可以研究油气藏在充填过程中油气组成，特别是气态烃和挥发份含量的演变。进而可以研究油气藏的油源--生油岩的类型和热演化程度。本文评述了依据油相包裹体和同生水溶液包裹体ＰＶＴ相图推断其捕获温度和压力范围的有效性和局限性。最后讨论了各类油气和含油气包裹体的成因机制及其在油气地质和地球化学研究中的意义。     

有机质热演化过程中地层压力的作用与影响

压力对有机质演化的影响长期以来争论不断,共有3种不同意见：压力对有机质演化没有影响,压力促进有机质的演化,压力抑制有机质的演化。通过对前人所做实验的实验设备、实验样品及实验结果的分析对比发现：不同实验结果主要是由于不同实验条件引起的,特别是实验系统和加压方式的不同,对实验结果影响最大,所代表的地质意义也不同。综合分析结果表明,当压力的增加表现为沉积有机质受到的有效应力增加时可以促进有机质生烃;当压力的增加表现为孔隙流体压力增加时,有机质生烃过程将受到抑制;另外,这两种情况都可能使干酪根的镜质组反射率降低,易使人得出压力增加抑制有机质演化的结论。进一步对压力影响有机质演化的成因机制进行了分析,发现在有机质演化的不同阶段因异常压力的增压机制不同,压力在有机质演化过程中所表现出来的作用也有差异。