山东莱州浅滩地区沉积特征与沉积作用

通过系统采集海底表层沉积样品进行粒度测试分析,对现代莱州浅滩地区的沉积类型、粒度特征、泥沙搬运方式、运移趋势及沉积动力、沉积机制进行了研究。结果表明,莱州浅滩是形成于松散碎屑堆积海岸岬角岸外的砂砾质水下沙洲／沙脊,它的形成深刻改变了浅滩地区原有的沉积动力和机制,在浅滩两侧海域各自形成了大致对称的潮余环流,分别与两个主要...     

塔中地区顺9井区柯坪塔格组黏土膜成因及其油气地质意义

为寻觅致密砂岩储层中发育的优质储层提供理论依据,分析铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜资料、结合压汞及物性资料.结果表明:塔里木盆地塔中顺9井区志留系柯坪塔格组沥青砂岩中发育的黏土矿物薄膜形成于成岩早期(同生成岩期),以自生式为主,含少量原生式黏土膜;黏土膜的发育与分布受到沉积作用、成岩环境及成岩温压系统的共同控制,早成岩期(同生期)发育的黏土膜在中—低压实强度下对储层的孔隙保护具有一定的建设性作用,因其占据一定的孔喉空间,又降低储层的渗透率,随着埋深增大,黏土膜矿物成分也逐渐向伊利石转化并分布在孔隙中,伊利石赋存状态也由蜂窝状变为毛发状、丝网状及搭桥状,分割甚至堵塞孔隙,使得储层砂体渗透率大幅度降低;沉积环境中的沉积微相对黏土膜发育与分布的控制体现在中—下临滨微相中黏土膜较为常见,而在上临滨—前临滨微相中,因水体的淘洗降低储层砂体中的泥质含量,黏土膜不发育,储层砂体中的黏土膜含量制约储层质量,发育黏土膜的井段储层孔隙度大于不发育黏土膜的井段,黏土膜含量在0.5%～5.0%井段的储层孔隙度要好于黏土膜含量超过5.0%井段的.     

A model for simulating the response of runoff from the mountainous watersheds of inland river basins in the arid area of northwest China to climatic changes

The subaerial tidal sand area in the northern Jiangsu Province (Subei), stretching from Dongtai towards east with a fan shape, is an early developing stage of radial sand ridges distributed in the South Yellow Sea. Since 5000–6000 a BP, after the Holocene transgression maximum in the northern Jiangsu Province, subaqueous tidal sand bodies were exposed and changed into land gradually. The environmental magnetism analysis shows that subaerial tidal sand strata are formed by the convergent-divergent paleo-tidal current field. The sediment source of tidal sand strata came early from the Changjiang River and late from the Yellow River. Sea floor erosion by tidal currents also served as an important sand source. Drilling cores and ground-penetrating profile show that there exists no probability of sand supplying directly by a large river through the apical area of tidal sand ridges either on land or in the sea. Fluvial deposits supplied the tidal sand bodies by alongshore transportation, which corresponds to the conclusions obtained by the analyses of provenance and paleocurrent field. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 43236120 and 49676288).     

Characteristics of particle size for creeping and saltating sand grains in aeolian transport

Creep and saltation are the primary modes of surface transport involved in the fluid‐like movement of aeolian sands. Although numerous studies have focused on saltation, few studies have focused on creep, primarily because of the experimental difficulty and the limited amount of theoretical information available on this process. Grain size and its distribution characteristics are key controls on the modes of sand movement and their transport masses. Based on a series of wind tunnel experiments, this paper presents new data regarding the saltation flux, obtained using a flat sampler, and on the creeping mass, obtained using a specifically designed bed trap, associated with four friction velocities (0·41, 0·47, 0·55 and 0·61 m sec^?1). These data yielded information regarding creeping and saltating sand grains and their particle size characteristics at various heights, which led to the following conclusions: (i) the creeping masses increased as a power function (q = ?1·02 + 14·19u_*³) of friction wind velocities, with a correlation (R²) of 0·95; (ii) the flux of aeolian sand flow decreases exponentially with increasing height (q = a exp(–z/b)) and increases as a power function (q = ?26·30 + 428·40 u_*³) of the friction wind velocity; (iii) the particle size of creeping sand grains is ca 1·15 times of the mean diameter of salting sand grains at a height of 0 to 2 cm, which is 1·14 times of the mean diameter of sand grains in a bed; and (iv) the mean diameter of saltating sand grains decreases rapidly with increasing height whereas, while at a given height, the mean diameter of saltating sand grains is positively correlated with the friction wind velocity. Although these results require additional experimental validation, they provide new information for modelling of aeolian sand transport processes.     

饱和弱化与液化土层的水平极限抗力

通过给饱和砂土层施加反压,模拟地震荷载作用下具有残余孔压的饱和弱化、液化土层。选择粉质细砂与细砂,进行了18组水平荷载作用下桩与饱和弱化、液化土层相互作用的模型试验,研究了饱和弱化、液化土层水平极限抗力随土层残余孔压增加的变化规律。结果表明,随土层中残余孔压增加,水平极限抗力逐渐降低,土层液化后的水平极限抗力大约降低80%~90%。通过定义饱和弱化、液化土层的强度,定量分析了饱和弱化、液化砂土的强度参数与水平极限抗力之间关系。又通过引入土层的残余孔压比折减系数,建立了确定饱和弱化、液化土层等效强度的关系式,进而提出了一种按等效强度确定饱和弱化、液化土层水平极限抗力的方法。     

钻塔喷砂除锈及防腐措施

概述了钻塔喷砂除锈及防腐措施的主要类型、工艺流程、验收评价标准,分析了钻塔喷砂除锈及防腐措施中重要程序和注意事项,对常见的问题给出了处理方案。根据美国石油学会API验收规范标准,结合生产工作实际,对钻塔除锈、喷涂防腐和质量检验进行了分析总结和详细阐述。     

基于组合权重的模糊物元模型在砂土液化势评价中的应用

目前,砂土液化问题仍是岩土工程界重要的研究方向.鉴于砂土液化评价的复杂性及其影响因素的不确定性和模糊性,将熵值理论与模糊集和贴近度相结合,建立了基于熵权与专家打分法所获权重的组合权重的模糊物元模型,有效地避免了权重分配困难的问题.该模型以一种新的方法进行砂土液化势的评价,并且结合实例应用,通过与现场标贯试验对比,进一步验证了该模型的合理、简便和实用.     

Stability Study of a Tide Embankment Subjected to Sea Level Variations Using Centrifugal Model Tests

To investigate the behavior of dredged-sea-sand fill compacted inside tide embankments with a damaged geosynthetic mat, centrifugal model tests and numerical simulation were conducted, both considering variations in sea level. The results from the three centrifugal model tests demonstrate that the subsidence of the dredged-sea-sand fill inside tide embankments with a damaged geosynthetic mat was strongly affected by the loss of dredged-sea-sand into the filter layers with large particles and a decrease in the bearing capacity of the filter layers with small particles. In addition, a comparison of the test and simulation results confirms that the loss of sand into the filter layer and the subsidence of the dredged-sea-sand fill were well reproduced by the numerical simulation.     

晚第四纪中国北方沙地风沙沉积的Zr/Rb比值特征及意义

Zr/Rb比值因不受后期成壤作用影响,在黄土高原黄土堆积中可作为较好的冬季风气候替代性指标。与黄土沉积相比,中国北方沙地的气候变化研究相对较弱,能够敏感反映沙地气候变化的替代性指标仍处于探索阶段。本文选取东亚季风控制区的毛乌素沙地、浑善达克沙地和科尔沁沙地11个典型的风成沉积序列,对Zr/Rb比值及其意义进行了研究。通过全岩样品Zr、Rb元素含量、Zr/Rb比值与平均粒径和>63 μm的粗颗粒百分含量对比分析,发现在毛乌素沙地,Zr/Rb比值与粗颗粒百分含量和平均粒径成正相关关系,与黄土高原的变化趋势相似,可作为冬季风强度的替代性指标。而在浑善达克沙地和科尔沁沙地,虽然Rb含量在砂质古土壤层中随着细颗粒物质的增加而增大,与毛乌素沙地的变化相同;但是,Zr含量也表现出增加趋势,导致Zr/Rb比值变化趋势与毛乌素沙地相反。其主要原因可能是沙地所处的构造地貌单元不同,物源区存在差异。因此,Zr/Rb比值作为冬季风的替代性指标在不同沙地应用需要慎重分析。     

列车振动荷载作用下南京细砂累积变形预测公式对比分析

列车振动荷载引起的路基长期沉降问题一直是影响列车正常运营的重要因素。首先,采用GDS空心圆柱扭剪仪对新近沉积的南京细砂重塑样进行循环三轴试验研究。在该基础上,通过总结国内外学者研究的累积变形模型公式,并与试验数据进行对比,分析了已有多种公式应用于南京细砂动力累积变形的预测时的可行性,给出了相关预测公式的模型参数参考值。根据试验结果,考虑试验围压对土体累积变形的影响规律,对部分公式进行了初步修正,扩大了相关预测公式的使用范围。研究成果对长江中下游轨道交通路基的长期沉降预测具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。