碳酸锂生产工艺的研究进展

简要介绍了碳酸锂的几种不同用途。详细阐述了以锂辉石、盐湖卤水、海水为原料提取碳酸锂的几种不同的生产工艺和工艺特点,并分析了各工艺的优缺点。指出了在简化工艺、降低成本生产碳酸锂的同时要兼顾盐湖资源综合利用和环境保护是今后研究开发的方向     

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Flow prediction in high altitude ungauged catchments: A case study in the Italian Alps (Pantano Basin,Adamello Group)

We develop a simple model to evaluate the daily flow discharges in the ablation season for the 11 km² Pantano basin in the Retiche Italian Alps, based upon the data gathered during a three years field campaign. The Pantano basin embeds the Venerocolo debris covered and the Avio debris free glaciers, covering 2.14 km² in the Adamello Group, where the widest Italian glacier Adamello is located. First, degree-day models based upon air temperature are tuned to calculate snow and ice melt at daily scale. Glaciers’ meteorological data are collected from an automatic weather station (AWS), operating on the glacier during summer 2007. The melt factors in the debris covered areas of the glacier are estimated against debris thickness, using a data driven parameterization. The flow discharge from the catchment is estimated using semi distributed flow routing for the ablation seasons of four years, from 2006 to 2009. The predicted discharges are compared to those derived from inverse reservoir's routing at the Benedetto lake, catching the basin outflow. The proposed approach is valuable as a tool to investigate the hydrology of poorly gauged glacierized areas, including those with debris covered ice, widely diffused and yet poorly understood. Pending accurate parameterization the approach is usable for water resources evaluation and for long term assessment of the climate change impact on the glacierized areas within the Alps.     

Influence of shallowness,bank inclination and bank roughness on the variability of flow patterns and boundary shear stress due to secondary currents in straight open-channels

Boundary shear stress and flow variability due to its interaction with main flow and secondary currents were investigated under conditions that extend previous research on trapezoidal channels. Secondary currents that scale with the flow depth were found over the entire width in all experiments. These findings contradict the widespread perception that secondary currents die out at a distance of 2.5 times the flow depth from the bank, a perception which is largely based on experiments with smooth boundaries. The reported results indicate that a stable pattern of secondary currents over the entire channel width can only be sustained over a fixed horizontal bed if the bed's roughness is sufficient to provide the required transverse oscillations in the turbulent shear stresses. Contrary to laboratory flumes, alluvial river bed always provide sufficient roughness. The required external forcing of this hydrodynamic instability mechanism is provided by the turbulence-generated near-bank secondary currents. The pattern of near-bank secondary currents depends on the inclination and the roughness of the bank. In all configurations, secondary currents result in a reduction of the bed shear stress in the vicinity of the bank and a heterogeneous bank shear stress that reaches a maximum close to the toe of the bank. Moreover, these currents cause transverse variability of 10–15% for the streamwise velocities and 0.2u_*²–0.3u_*?² for the bed shear stress. These variations are insufficient to provide the flow variability required in river restoration projects, but nevertheless must be accounted for in the design of stable channels.     

Statistical characteristics of flow as indicators of channeling in heterogeneous porous and fractured media

We introduce two new channeling indicators D_ic and D_cc based on the Lagrangian distribution of flow rates. On the basis of the participation ratio, these indicators characterize the extremes of both the flow-tube width distribution and the flow rate variation along flow lines. The participation ratio is an indicator biased toward the larger values of a distribution and is equal to the normalized ratio of the square of the first-order moment to the second-order moment. Compared with other existing indicators, they advantageously provide additional information on the flow channel geometry, are consistently applicable to both porous and fractured media, and are generally less variable for media generated using the same parameters than other indicators. Based on their computation for a broad range of porous and fracture permeability fields, we show that they consistently characterize two different geometric properties of channels. D_ic gives a characteristic scale of low-flow zones in porous media and a characteristic distance between effectively flowing structures in fractured cases. D_cc gives a characteristic scale of the extension of high-flow zones in porous media and a characteristic channel length in fractured media. D_ic is mostly determined by channel density and permeability variability. D_cc is, however, more affected by the nature of the correlation structure like the presence of permeability channels or fractures in porous media and the length distribution in fracture networks.     

量子理论中一个定理的随机推广

随机情况下的量子理论有着更广泛的实际应用,所以利用数学期望将量子理论中的一个重要定理在随栅隋况下作了推广,证得这个定理对随机自相似集也成立,这对进一步研究随机自相似集的量子维数和量子误差提供了理论依据,丰富了量子理论．     

马鞍山-铜陵-安庆长江沿线上地壳速度结构成像

利用安徽人工震源地下结构探测科学实验开展的三维高分辨探测数据,以及初至波走时成像技术,获得了沿长江一线上地壳速度结构成像结果。结果显示,沿长江从马鞍山至安庆,上地壳速度结构存在明显横向差异,沉积盖层厚度和浅表速度在该区呈现明显的隆升和坳陷相间的构造特征,显示了该区域中生代以来经历的隆升和伴随着岩浆活动的伸展作用。     

计算几何在地图综合中的应用

地图综合是计算几何中的一个应用问题。计算几何是有效的几何基本规则和算法,为地图目标间的复杂空间关系提供了强大的描述和分析依据。文章讨论地图综合中的条件和要求,尤其提出了比例尺缩小造成地不可感知性,而引起选取、目标拥挤、化简和符号化带来的相交等三个关键问题。根据计算几何的Voronoi、Delaunay等数据结构,简要探讨了目标选择、目标聚类和一致性化简的方法。     

地形模型的多分辨率简化与压缩

在地形的三维表达中 ,海量的三维数据在显示、存储、传输等方面存在着很多困难。为了解决这些困难 ,本文提出了一种基于渐进简化的多分辨率几何简化与压缩方法。通过该种方法 ,复杂的地形模型能够很好的被简化成适于LOD连续表达的方式 ,并且在简化基础上的数据压缩可使地形模型的存储量减少、绘制速度增加、网络传输效率提高 ,其结果能够胜任地形模型在网络上的渐进传输     

HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY IN JAPAN∗

A regret frequently expressed at International Geographical Congresses concerns the lack of summary information about the nature of geographic research in the host country. During a discussion of this point with members of the Association of Japanese Geographers, the idea of publishing a series of reports on various aspects of Japanese research surfaced. The concept was later enthusiastically supported by the United States National Committee for the International Geographical Union. This first report, “Historical Geography in Japan,” has been modified for the benefit of the English-speaking readers of THE PROFESSIONAL GEOGRAPHER. Although the reports will be of particular interest to those planning to attend the 1980 IGC in Tokyo, they should prove of general interest as well.—H. Jesse Walker, Member, U.S. National Committee, IGU.