水泥混凝土路面施工探讨

结合宁连一级公路连云港段10km水泥混凝土路面和连云港市新牛线及连云港市玉凤路水泥混凝土路面施工经验,对水泥路面常见病害进行了分析,以期找到一套完整可行的水泥混凝土路面的施工方法。     

基于传递-反射矩阵法的层状公路结构动力响应研究

利用传递-反射矩阵方法和叠加原理推导了双轮胎振动荷载作用下弹性层状公路结构的动力响应解,并利用Hankel数值逆变换技术进行了数值求解。弹性层状结构的传递-反射矩阵同时具有单个矩阵尺寸小、矩阵元素只含有负指数项2个优点,计算结果不受土层单元厚度与荷载频率大小的影响,可以大幅提高计算效率和精度。通过将数值计算与室内模型试验结果进行比较,验证了方法的正确性。在此基础上,分析了面层厚度及模量对层状公路结构动应力、动位移的影响程度和规律,得出了一些有意义的结论。研究结果可为公路路面、路基结构设计提供参考。     

考虑干湿循环路径的石灰改性红黏土路用性能试验研究

红黏土是一种对环境湿、热变化敏感的高塑性黏土,用作路基填料时,为改善其路用性能,并延长路基使用寿命,工程中通常掺入一定剂量的石灰对其进行改性。在地下水、降雨入渗和蒸发等自然营力作用下,运营期间路基土的含水率反复变动会对其工程特性产生一定影响。采用两种与实际工况接近的典型干湿路径,开展红黏土及其石灰改性土的强度和变形特性对比试验研究。试验结果表明：均匀干湿循环作用下,石灰改性土的黏聚力减小,内摩擦角小幅度增大,抗剪强度略高于红黏土,改性效果不明显;定向干湿循环作用下,石灰改性土的收缩裂缝较少,强度和变形参数均显著提高,路用性能得到明显改善。     

Crack propagation by differential insolation on desert surface clasts

In the southwest U.S., cracks in alluvial fan surface clasts have a preferred orientation independent of rock fabric and shape. In this paper, we show that differential insolation of incipient cracks of random orientations predicts a distribution of crack orientations consistent with field observations. In this model, crack growth by hydration and/or thermal weathering is primarily a function of local water content at the crack tip. Crack tips that experience minimal solar insolation maintain a greater average moisture and, hence, weather more rapidly than cracks that experience greater solar insolation. To show this, we used a numerical radiative transfer code to quantify the solar insolation of rectangular cracks at 35° N. latitude with a range of depths and orientations. The amount of solar energy reaching the bottom of each crack was calculated at 5-min intervals over the day for several days of the year to determine hourly, daily, seasonal, and annual energy deposition as a function of crack depth and orientation. By assuming that only crack orientations that effectively shield their interiors and minimize their water loss are able to grow, the pattern of cracks produced by the model is consistent with field observations. The annual average insolation, which controls water retention, is associated with the two primary modes of crack orientation. The effect of daily recharge by summer rains of the North American monsoon system is consistent with the observed deviations from these primary modes. Model results suggest that both the annual average insolation and the daily pattern of rainfall is recorded in the preferred crack orientations of surface clasts in the southwest U.S.     

Centrifuge modelling of flexible retaining walls subjected to dynamic loading

This paper outlines the results of an experimental program carried out on centrifuge models of cantilevered and propped retaining walls embedded in saturated sand. The main aim of the paper is to investigate the dynamic response of these structures when the foundation soil is saturated by measuring the accelerations and pore pressures in the soil, displacements and bending moment of the walls. A comparison among tests with different geometrical configurations and relative density of the soil is presented. The centrifuge models were subjected to dynamic loading in the form of sinusoidal accelerations applied at the base of the models. This paper also presents data from pressure sensors used to measure total earth pressure on the walls. Furthermore, these results are compared with previous dynamic centrifuge tests on flexible retaining walls in dry sand.     

宽幅沥青路面热效应对其下部土体热状态的影响

在多年冻土区,道路工程建设会引起下伏冻土吸热融化,进而威胁上部工程稳定性,这一冻土问题是多年冻土区工程建设面对的重要问题.对于青藏高速公路而言,由于铺设高吸热性的沥青路面和路基幅面增宽引起的尺度效应,路基吸热量较普通路基将大幅增加,使得其冻土问题更为突出.基于此,利用数值仿真手段,考虑全球气候变暖背景,对宽幅路基修建完成后20 a的热状况进行预测研究和比较分析,阐明了宽幅面沥青路面热效应对下部土体热状态的影响及其与路基边坡水平热效应的综合贡献,比较分析了全幅修建和分幅修建条件下下伏冻土热状态的异同. 研究成果将为多年冻土区高速公路的路基稳定性研究和建设模式等提供基础理论指导.     

高温冻土地区高等级公路片块石路基降温效果分析

基于长期、连续的地温观测数据,对位于共和至玉树高等级公路沿线、平均海拔为4 260 m且处于高温冻土区的片块石路基温度、热状态、冻融循环过程和冻土人为上限及变化速率等进行了分析,研究了沥青混凝土和水泥混凝土路面对片块石路基下伏多年冻土的影响,以期对其适用性进行评价。研究发现,沥青混凝土路面的铺设使路基吸收了较多的热量,促使下伏多年冻土升温,导致多年冻土快速退化。观测期内,高温冻土地区沥青混凝土路面下片块石路基中心冻土退化速率为33.5 cm/a,几乎是天然地基的5倍。而且路基阴阳坡效应严重,阳坡路肩冻土退化速率为33.0 cm/a,明显大于阴坡路肩(22.0 cm/a)。与沥青混凝土路面相比,水泥混凝土路面较高的热反射率、较小的热辐射吸收率,有利于抬升冻土上限或减缓冻土退化速率。但在观测期间,发现处于高温冻土区的高等级公路片块石路基在沥青混凝土路面下融化盘面积增长速率为12.24 m²/a,而在水泥混凝土路面下为9.28 m²/a,即融化盘面积以不同程度的速率始终在增大。因此,单纯的片块石层的存在和路面类型的改变,并未彻底解决高温冻土区高等级...     

Non-symmetric cyclic bending of helical wires in flexible pipes

Unbonded flexible pipes have superior fatigue performance as the internal armor layers are allowed to move relative to each other, leading to reduced structural loading. The main interactions between the internal layers are the contact forces and the frictional forces. Frictional interaction leads to a complex non-linear response of unbonded flexible pipes making prediction of cyclic bending fatigue a demanding task. Nevertheless, detailed understanding of local armor wire stresses and the related fatigue phenomena is of paramount importance as unbonded flexible risers are often operated close to their mechanical limits. This paper presents a method for calculating the tensile armor wire loading and the hysteresis effect on flexible pipes when subjected to tension, and non-symmetric cyclic bending. The effect of non-symmetric cyclic bending with different tensile armor lay angles, and frictional conditions are studied. The analysis uses an efficient repeated unit cell finite element model, allowing the analysis to be performed on a desktop computer. The study shows that the tensile armor wires gradually translate towards the compression side of the pipe bending plane, when the unbonded flexible pipe is subjected to combined tension and non-symmetric cyclic bending. In the analysis, cyclic bending is applied until steady-state in the bending response is achieved over a full bending cycle. The global bending response of the flexible pipe and the tensile armor wire loading conditions for fully stabilized non-symmetric cyclic bending become symmetric around the frictionless state for the mean cyclic bending curvature. An approximate analytic model for the tensile armor in the stabilized cycle, based on symmetric bending about the geodesic curve corresponding to the mean pipe curvature, is proposed.     

Coupled infiltration and filtration behaviours of concrete porous pavement for stormwater management

Cementitious porous pavement (CPP) is a structural low‐impact development material for rainfall–runoff management. Both infiltration and filtration are critical functions for CPP stormwater quality and quantity control. In this study, three groups of CPP specimens exposed to rainfall–runoff for 4 years and experienced with different maintenance intervals (6, 12 and 48 months, respectively) were used to examine CPP infiltration and filtration performance. Particle mass strained on CPP surface, saturated infiltration rate I_f, temporal infiltration rate I(t), suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and turbidity (τ) were measured to evaluate the process of filtration/infiltration. I(t), SSC and τ were examined less than 50 mg/l of the suspended particle loading. It was found that the CPP surface cleaning methods used in the past 4 years, namely, high pressure wash followed by vacuuming with one atmosphere (100 kPa), were effective, and a 12‐month maintenance interval was verified suitable to maintain the pore structure an acceptable infiltration rate for stormwater management. It was also found that CPP infiltration and filtration process affect each other, and the two properties are coupled in urban stormwater quality and quantity control. On the basis of the experimental measurements, the temporal infiltration rate of the cleaned CPP under a certain particle loading could be simulated by a first‐order nonlinear rational model, and effluent turbidity–SSC relationship was found following a power law. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis on spatial distribution and correlation of pavement distress along the Xinjiang-Tibet Highway北大核心CSCD

The Xinjiang-Tibet Highway（XTH）is a transportation corridor of manpower and supplies from inland regions to Tibet. The XTH has the highest altitude in China,which also has complex geological conditions and high distress ratio. The pavement distress was investigated completely to analyze the spatial distribution of pavement distress along the XTH and reveal the relationship among different types of distress. The distress ratio of 7 types of pavement distress was obtained and the relationship of pavement distress and ground surface temperature,altitude and vegetation cover was quantitatively fitted along the XTH. The result shows that,distress occurrence ratio of racking is has the largest percentage,which is the main reason to reduce the road condition. Pavement distress has a positive correlation and interaction with each other. One type of distress appears with the formation and development of other types of distress. The pavement cracking of the roadway with high altitude was obviously influenced by solar radiation and freeze-thaw cycle,which has a larger occurrence scale and development ratio than other regions. This paper reveals the relationship of each pavement distress and environmental factors,and provides a scientific basis and theoretical reference for the operation,maintenance and distress treatment of the XTH and planning Xingjiang-Tibet transportation corridor. © 2022 Science Press (China).