基于Levenberg-Marquardt法的中国大陆地区地震烈度分布快速评估的偏差特性分析

地震灾害发生后,可根据地震烈度衰减关系,利用地震灾害快速评估系统初步评估烈度分布范围.为评定烈度分布结果的偏差特性,利用中国西部地区488个震例和中国东部地区182个震例的等震线数据,使用Levenberg-Marquardt非线性迭代算法进行回归,计算我国大陆分区域烈度衰减关系,并对中国大陆1990—2007年23次...     

遥感影像主特征线检测

受到成像规律性差,背景纹理复杂及强烈噪声的影响,直线检测方法通常难以适应遥感影像处理的需求。有鉴于此,论文提出一种具有视觉显著性的遥感影像主特征线检测方法。论文首先论证了利用已提取直线为基元,基于格式塔法则构建主特征线的可行性;其次对直线在主特征线上的复杂投影情况进行了详细的剖析,并给出了主特征线的定义;接着建立了主特征线累计权重矩阵及直线统计矩阵,依据格式塔原则分析直线权重分布规律,以此构建了直线的权重模型,同时探讨不同直线在同一主特征线上权重分配规律;最后依据上述分析结果提出了具体的算法步骤。通过多幅含有强烈噪声的光学与SAR遥感卫星影像实验结果表明,相对于其他聚类算法,论文算法能够在杂乱无序的直线集中提取较为清晰的主特征线,并且实验效果基本符合人工视觉感知,便于机器对遥感影像的清晰理解。     

Numerical study of nonlinear freak wave impact underneath a fixed horizontal deck in 2-D space

Freak waves are extreme and unexpected surface waves with huge wave heights that may lead to severe damage to ships and offshore structures. However, few researches have been conducted to investigate the impact underneath fixed horizontal decks caused by freak waves. To study these phenomena, a 2-D numerical wave tank is built in which nonlinear freak waves based on the Peregrine breather solution are generated. As a validation, a regular-wave-induced underneath impact is simulated and compared to the existing experimental measurements. Then the nonlinear freak-wave-induced impact is investigate with different values of deck clearance above the mean free surface. In addition, a comparative simulation of a “large” regular wave based on the 2nd-order Stokes wave theory with the same crest height and wave length of the nonlinear freak wave is carried out to reveal the unique features of the nonlinear freak-wave-induced impact. By applying a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) algorithm in which the bottom deck and front side wall are simplified as Euler beams in 2-D and discretized by the finite element method (FEM), the hydroelastic effects are considered during the impact event. The vertical force acting underneath the bottom deck, the transversal force acting on the front side wall, the structural displacements of the elastic deck and wall are analyzed and discussed respectively, from which meaningful conclusions are drawn.     

The temperature of the warm neutral medium in the Milky Way

We report high-spectral-resolution Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) H  i 21-cm observations resulting in the detection of the warm neutral medium (WNM) of the Galaxy in absorption against two extragalactic radio sources, PKS 1814−637 and PKS 0407−658. The two lines of sight were selected on the basis of the simplicity of their absorption profiles and the strength of the background sources; the high velocity resolution of the spectra then enabled us to estimate the kinetic temperatures of the absorbing gas by fitting multiple Gaussians to the absorption profiles. Four separate WNM components were detected towards the two sources, with peak optical depths  τ_max= (1.0 ± 0.08) × 10⁻², (1.4 ± 0.2) × 10⁻³, (2.2 ± 0.5) × 10⁻³  and  (3.4 ± 0.5) × 10⁻³  and kinetic temperatures   T _k= 3127 ± 300, 3694 ± 1595, 3500 ± 1354  and  2165 ± 608 K  , respectively. All four components were thus found to have temperatures in the thermally unstable range  500 < T _k < 5000 K  ; this suggests that thermal equilibrium has not been reached throughout the WNM.     

航空重力重复线测试数据质量评价方法研究

为了量化评估航空重力系统的性能指标,通常采用多次往返的重复线测量方式来测试航空重力仪动态测量的重复性和一致性,但现有规范中没有明确针对航空重力重复线测试数据质量的评估准则,本文研究总结了航空重力重复线测试数据均方差精度计算方法,依据重复线测试数据均方差内、外符合精度的计算结果,可以更为客观地评估仪器的动态测量精度指标和工作状态.     

Age and height of last highest lake levels on theTibetan Plateau and their enveironmentalsignificance

Thefluctuahonoflakelet'elsmaywellreflectthevariahonsofthetotalwaterbalanceinthelakebasins.ac,hichcanulteriorlyexplaintilechangesoflocalprecipitationandevaporahon.Theappearanceoftheunitivehighlakelevelinacertainareawasdolnillatedbyhleclimahcchange,asonlythetemperatureandprecipitahonmad'determinethewaterbalanceinmacroscale.TheTibetsPlateauisthebiggestlakedistributedareainChina,inwhichfluctuahonoflakelevelsisoneoftheimportantindicatorstothex'ariationsofaridityandhullildity(FigUrel).Itisoneofthe…     

Mooring system reliability in tropical cyclone and North Sea winter storm environments

The characteristics of waves, winds and currents in a tropical cyclone environment differ significantly from those in a winter storm environment, like the North Sea. This can have a significant effect on the reliability of a mooring system that is designed to satisfy 100 yr conditions with specified Factors of Safety in accordance with ISO19901-7 or API RP 2SK. This paper presents reliability analysis of the mooring system of a permanently connected Floating LNG vessel, placed at two locations: (a) a tropical cyclone environment of the North West Shelf of Australia and (b) a winter storm environment of the North Sea. It is demonstrated that as a result of differences in the long term distribution of environmental parameters (waves, winds) between a North Sea environment and a tropical cyclone environment, the long term distribution of the mooring line response differs significantly in these two locations.This paper shows that a mooring system which is designed in accordance with ISO (or API), in these two environments, will achieve very different reliability levels because of the significant differences in environmental characteristics. In order to achieve the same reliability for the mooring system at these two geographical locations, Factors of Safety for use with 100 yr environmental conditions (Ultimate Limit State) were derived to achieve the same target probability of failure of 10⁻⁴/annum. It was found that for the North Sea environment, a factor of 1.5 is required for both the mooring chain and the pile, while for the tropical cyclone environment the required Factor of Safety has to be increased to 2.1. These differences are very significant and design standards need to be revised to reflect these findings.     

日食电离层效应

本文分析了1987年9月23日日环食期间,我国14个电离层站和1988年3月18日日全食期间两个站的垂测仪和偏振仪记录,并综合50年代以来历次日食电离层效应的观测结果,证实:1.E层和F₁层光食效应明显,F₂层动力学效应显著;2.f₀F₂存在日食日值大于、小于或等于控制日值三种典型情况;3.TEC食变曲线有凹陷和不凹陷两种典型情况,甚至出现日食日值大于控制日值的异常现象. 本文对F₂层和外电离层的动力学特征作了定性讨论,认为:空间等离子体温度急剧下降和沿场扩散是F₂层和外电离层日食效应的最主要因素;而磁赤道上空等离子体的沿场扩散、“喷泉”效应,热层风和全（环）食带方位是影响位于磁赤道异常区各电离层站日食电离层效应的主要因素.