热带气旋“麦莎”和“韦帕”在浙江产生大风对比分析

热带气旋“麦莎”登陆玉环,“韦帕”登陆苍南霞关,登陆点均在浙江南部,登陆点距离不超过150 km,登陆时强度相同,离境点的位置只相距50 km,但产生的大风和分布有很大的不同,“麦莎”在浙江境内产生的大风强度、范围、都比“韦帕”大得多,持续时间也要长很多.本文通过对两个热带气旋登陆前后的热带气旋自身的变化、移动的路径及速度和环境场等特征对比分析,发现登陆后减弱速度、路径与地形、副热带高压调整、气压梯度、热带气旋中心与测站的距离不同是两者产生大风不同的主要原因.     

关于大气涡动热通量参数化问题研究

用NCEP/NCAR等再分析资料计算和分析表明,月平均瞬变涡动热通量和月平均温度梯度的局域相关性很低,甚至在一些纬度是负相关,更严重的是二者之间存在非线性的多值对应函数关系.如果用非局域参数化,参数化水平将有所提高,但改进并不明显.通过与分子运动论输运理论进行数学、特别是物理类比提出了考虑"风暴路径"效应的瞬变涡动热通量的参数化方案,经再分析资料的检验,结果表明它能大大提高参数化的水平.其次,还证实采用空间非局域参数化仍然是进一步提高瞬变涡动热通量参数化水平的方法之一.此外,资料分析显示中高纬度纬向平均温度梯度和纬偏涡动温度通量之间也存在负相关及多值函数关系,说明仅用温度梯度去参数化纬向平均涡动热通量难以得到好的结果,需要考虑多元参数化或非同步参数化等.     

Apatite fission track thermochronology of the Precambrian Aksu blueschist, NW China: Implications for thermo–tectonic evolution of the north Tarim basement

The Precambrian Aksu blueschist is located in the northwestern margin of the Tarim Block, NW China. In recent decades, many studies were carried out with focus on the metamorphic age. However, a complete understanding of the evolution of the Tarim Block requires the cooling history of the Precambrian metamorphic rocks and the time–temperature paths as determined by low-temperature thermochronometry. Therefore, apatite fission track (AFT) technique was applied on the Precambrian Aksu blueschist to reveal the thermo–tectonic evolution of the north Tarim basement. All of the six blueschist samples analysed in this study yielded AFT ages spanning 107.5–62.5 Ma, much younger than the blueschist facies metamorphic age of Neoproterozoic, and confined track lengths are between 10.46 and 12.12 µm. Based on regional stratigraphic sequences, the AFT thermal history modeling as well as previous chronological results, the thermo–tectonic evolution of the Aksu blueschist can be roughly reconstructed with four stages: (1) the Precambrain Aksu blueschist exhumed to the surface soon after its formation. Erosion during the Early Sinian is indicated by the lack of sedimentation until the Late Sinian; (2) the Late Sinian strata are continuous, while the Middle–Upper Silurian and the Lower–Middle Carboniferous strata are absent. The total thickness of the Late Sinian and Paleozoic strata probably reached 10,000 m and resulted in the total annealing and thermal resetting of AFT ages; (3) the AFT ages in the Cretaceous are related with the widespread uplift in Tian Shan and its adjacent regions that restarted the AFT clock during the Late Mesozoic. These reflect a distant effect of the collision of the Lhasa terrane with Eurasia in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous; and (4) sediments of Cenozoic are documented in the Aksu area. The Aksu blueschist was heated to partial annealing zone with the overlying Cenozoic sediments. During Miocene time, the Aksu blueschist was re-exhumed which was probably a distant response to the ongoing India–Eurasia convergence.     

“浣熊”、“海高斯”对海南岛降水的对比分析

通过自动气象站加密资料,NCEP1°×1°每6 h 再分析资料,卫星云图资料及物理量诊断分析方法,对0801号台风"浣熊"和0817号热带风暴"海高斯"进行综合对比,发现登陆前12h有相似路径且登陆点相同的两个热带气旋,对海南岛的降水却截然不同,台风的降水强度并不比热带风暴强.分析发现,受不同季节的冷空气影响,登陆后路径发生转向以及不同的台风云系结构特征,导致它们在动力结构、水汽分布特征和垂直运动等方面存在明显的差异,而这些差异是它们对海南岛造成不同强度降水的主要原因.     

Fission track analysis and thermotectonic history of the main borehole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling project

The Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) project, part of the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP), has completed drilling a 5158 m hole in the eastern part of the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt. This study reports on an apatite fission track analysis of core samples from 0 to 4000 m depth in the CCSD main hole (CCSD-MH). We determined the fission track ages of 38 apatite samples from different depths. The ages range between 98.6 ± 17.0 and 3.2 ± 1.3 Ma, showing a general decreasing trend with depth, from 87.1 ± 11.2 Ma at the surface to 3.2 ± 1.3 Ma at 3899 m depth. As a first approximation, an average uplift rate of ~ 35 m/Ma is calculated for the period 90-30 Ma. The trend in ages within the borehole shows some fluctuations, and indicates movements along major faults. It is inferred that the highest-level major normal fault occurs at a depth of ~ 350 m, recording a vertical displacement of ~ 400 m. Movement along another prominent normal fault at a depth of ~ 2150 m occurred subsequent to ~ 25 Ma. Three major reverse faults occur at about 2450, 3050 and 3250 m depth. Testing geological constrains against the fission track data set indicated an agreement with a reheating of the area during the late Cretaceous and Eocene, followed by cooling to ~ 80 °C during the Eocene and a low cooling until the samples reached their present-day position in the Donghai area.     

苏鲁超高压变质岩的构造热历史：中国大陆科学钻探工程(CCSD)主孔（MH）和先导孔（PP2）的磷灰石裂变径迹约束

本文包括中国大陆科学钻（CCSD）主孔（MH）0~5000m和先导孔（PP2）0~1000m的磷灰石裂变径迹分折结果,先导孔PP2的裂变径迹表观年龄变化范围为79.5±5.1~50.4±6.2Ma,主孔的裂变径迹表观年龄变化范围为98.6±17.0~2.9±2.0Ma,主孔在4200m以下,磷灰石样品中实际上已不存在自发裂变径迹,表明裂变径迹时钟已经“置零”。实验资料表明,裂变径迹表观年龄值随样品深度的增加而逐渐减少,直到一定深度,即达到磷灰石的裂变径迹封闭温度（~120℃）以后,年龄值为零。根据主孔0~2000m和先导孔0~1000m的裂变径迹年龄剖面,作为一级近似,计算出超高压变质岩体在90~30Ma期间,平均隆升速度为~35m/Ma。对主孔测定了9个样品的约束径迹（Confined track）长度,样品约束径迹平均长度的变化范围约为13.1~7.4μm,总的变化趋势是：约束径迹平均长度随样品深度的增加而逐渐减少。样品的约束径迹长度分布都具有双峰型特征。根据裂变径迹年龄和约束径迹长度的资料,应用计算机模拟得到了样品的时间-温度（t-T）轨迹。结果表明,岩体从早白垩世（~120Ma）快速冷却以后,在晚白垩世和始新世又经历了两次加热作用,始新世末岩体所达到的温度大约是80℃,随后岩体则一直上升和缓慢冷却到现今所处的位置。在最后~30Ma岩体的平均隆升速度为~53m/Ma。     

新疆阿尔泰铁热克提岩体热历史的磷灰石裂变径迹法研究

通过对新疆阿尔泰铁热克提岩体4个磷灰石裂变径迹样品分析研究表明,具有3个阶段的热演化模式：①大约120Ma之前,温度为105～130℃或90～120℃,属于较高温稳定期;②60～120Ma,温度为90～120℃或20～65℃,系快速冷却与隆升期;③60Ma以来为20～65℃或12～18℃,属低温稳定期。第2阶段(60～90Ma期间),冷却速率为2．5～3．23℃/Ma,相当于抬升速率为83．3～107．7m/Ma。60～120Ma的快速隆升作用以及80．4～91．9Ma的裂变径迹年龄,证实燕山晚期发生过新的陆内挤压造山活动。     

黔中隆起金沙地区中新生代隆升剥蚀的裂变径迹分析

对贵州金沙地区取样进行了裂变径迹热史模拟,结合地质分析再现了黔中隆起的沉降和隆升剥蚀作用过程。该地区经历了180～70Ma时期的沉降埋藏增温和70Ma之后的剥蚀冷却降温两大阶段。沉降阶段的增温速率为0.909℃/Ma,对应的T3—K的沉积厚度约为4550m。冷却降温曲线分为三段:70～15Ma,样品温度从120℃降低到60℃,冷却速率为1.09℃/Ma;15～5Ma为一个"平台"期,样品温度维持在60℃左右;5Ma至今,样品温度从60℃快速冷却至20℃,冷却速率达8℃/Ma,这与喜马拉雅期云贵高原的整体隆升和晚期快速崛起相对应。计算表明,晚白垩世以来的隆升剥蚀量达2800m左右。     

藏南拉轨岗日隆起带东段哈金桑惹隆起东侧发现夕卡岩型多金属矿化带

哈金桑惹隆起上的夕卡岩型多金属矿化带是在开展1：25万江孜县幅区调工作时首次发现的。该矿化带的矿石组合具钙夕卡岩型特征。共发现两个矿化体,Ⅰ号矿化体的有益元素以铜为主,伴生银、铅锌等;Ⅱ号矿化体有益元素以铅锌为主,伴生银和铜等。该矿化带的发现对该地区的找矿和基础地质研究具有重要的意义。     

地球深部探测计划中地学软件研发关键技术

针对高效率、高精度快速移动平台联合探测技术,发展由此带来的海量数据综合信息处理、解释和地质建模一体化所需的大型软件平台技术,可为实现复杂环境条件下有效实施大面积资源勘探调查、实现重大找矿突破目标提供切实可行的技术保障。采用引进和自主研发的"红蓝军"双轨路线,基于已有的地震数据处理解释基础,完善了高端软件平台地震和非震数据分析功能的联合,形成了具有跨操作平台、数据融合、二次开发、数据共享管理等功能的综合研究一体化分析软件平台,填补了国外软件产品在地震-非震数据联合分析方面的空白,为地球深部探测数据分析提供技术支撑。