台风风神海上石油平台预报服务探讨

总结了在对台风风神数值预报失效,预报路径偏东的情况下,预报人员抓住天气形势的细微变化对路径及时修正,并紧密结合用户需求,以“全程跟进,及时沟通,急用户之所急”的高度责任心和服务态度,使海上石油平台1500人安全撤离,避免了人员伤亡和重大经济损失的服务过程。经研究发现：(1)“风神”偏西侧的强对流发展、地面负变压中心、中层正涡度中心、高层正散度中心的存在,以及云图北侧带状黑体区的形成均有利于“风神”西折;(2)在500hPa图上,“风神”前期西南部有一低压环流中心,后期东北侧高压坝形成,造成“风神”两次北翘。     

A Method of Initial Vortex Relocation and Numerical Simulation Experiments on Tropical Cyclone Track

Using the technique of smooth filtering and cylindrical filtering, the initial vortex circulation and large-scale environmental field were separated from the background field. Then the separated initial vortex circulation was translated and reinserted in the location where it was observed. This led to the determination of a method of initial vortex relocation. For seven tropical cyclones at 23 points of measurement time in the years of 2006 and 2007, two schemes, either directly adding a tropical cyclone bogus model in the background or adding it after the relocation of the initial vortex in the background field, were employed. Simulation experiments were compared. The results showed that the mean errors of the simulated tropical cyclone tracks at 24 and 48 hours were both smaller with the scheme of adding tropical cyclone bogus model after the relocation of the initial vortex in the background field. The relocation method of the initial vortex decreases the error caused by the deviation of the initial tropical cyclone location in tropical cyclone models. The relocation method is conducive to improving the track forecast of tropical cyclone models and has a good perspective for operational application.     

风对赛艇等户外静水项目有利赛道选择的影响

利用山东日照水上运动训练基地奥林匹克水上公园静水赛道两岸自动观测站近两年的逐10 min最大风实况数据,对两岸风向、风速的变化特征进行了对比分析。结果表明,水面对风的加速作用使赛艇、皮划艇等水上静水项目的比赛需要根据不同风况设定或调整有利赛道次序,并给出了弱风环境下的赛艇、皮划艇等静水项目比赛,根据不同风向风速判断和选择有利赛道的方法。研究得出：沿赛道走向,顺风、逆风或侧风风速小于3 m/s时,风对有利赛道的选择影响不大;侧风风速稳定大于3 m/s时位于水面上风方的赛道可依次设定或调整为有利赛道;而在风速稳定大于6 m/s时,静水项目的比赛可能无法正常进行。分析结果可为此类水上赛事裁判组制定和调整有利赛道提供依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部构造热演化史的磷灰石裂变径迹分析

运用磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)分析的构造热年代学研究方法,系统探讨鄂尔多斯盆地东北部不同区段中新生代以来的热演化历史,为盆地东北部石油和天然气等多种沉积能源矿产的勘探预测提供新的约束条件。模拟结果表明:盆地东北部经历了250~150 Ma缓慢埋藏增温过程,平均增温速率为0.9℃/Ma;150~120 Ma为快速增温阶段,平均增温速率高达2.1℃/Ma,地层温度达到最高,且均大于130℃。之后不同区段经历差异降温过程:北缘露头区经历了120~65 Ma快速降温,平均冷却速率约1.3℃/Ma;65~10 Ma缓慢降温,平均冷却速率约为0.4℃/Ma。南缘露头区及盆地沉降区则经历了120~30 Ma缓慢降温,平均冷却速率约为0.9℃/Ma;30~10 Ma快速降温,平均冷却速率约为1.5℃/Ma。10 Ma以来,盆地东北部整体抬升冷却,平均冷却速率约6.5℃/Ma。分析结果认为燕山中期构造热事件之最高热增温作用的关键时刻为(120±10)Ma,促成鄂尔多斯盆地东北部主要烃源岩层系的成熟生烃和大规模油气成藏。在后期的差异抬升冷却过程中,北缘露头区在65 Ma±通过了110℃等温面,南缘露头区及盆地的沉降区在30 Ma±通过了110℃等温面,有利于相邻地区原生油气藏的积聚和保存,古近纪晚期(30 Ma)尤其是新近纪晚期近10 Ma以来的强烈构造抬升作用有可能是引发原生油气藏调整—改造和次生成藏的关键因素。     

内蒙古海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷热演化史

乌尔逊凹陷是内蒙古海拉尔盆地内勘验程度较高的一个南部凹陷,该凹陷沉积厚度大,地层发育全,生油条件十分优越,是海拉尔盆地主要产油气凹陷。主要烃源岩层是南屯组,其次是铜钵庙组和大磨拐河组。根据磷灰石裂变径迹法恢复的乌尔逊凹陷早白垩世古地温梯度为3.44℃/hm,接近现今地温梯度3.3℃/hm。古地温恢复及热演化史模拟表明,乌尔逊凹陷中生代以来经历了一个升温过程,下白垩统烃源岩热演化程度主要受现今地温场控制。热演化史与油气关系研究结合伊利石测年结果表明,乌尔逊凹陷油气成藏期主要有两期,为早白垩世晚期及古近纪以来,且以早白垩世晚期为主要成藏期;古近纪以来为第二期成藏阶段,烃源岩进入第二次生油高峰期。第二次成藏时期对乌尔逊凹陷油气藏的形成起着重要作用,是制约油气富集的重要因素。     

川西甘孜-理塘金矿带形成条件的矿物电子探针与裂变径迹研究

甘孜-理塘金矿带位于青藏高原东部松潘-甘孜造山带与义敦岛弧造山带的交界部位.通过对嘎拉、错阿、雄龙西、阿加隆洼和曲开隆洼等5个金矿区矿石样品中主要载金矿物黄铁矿和毒砂的电子探针分析,试图探讨区内金矿形成温度、深度和成生环境,并结合矿石锆石裂变径迹定年探讨成矿时代.研究区黄铁矿为S亏损型,普遍含Co和Ni,含量分别为0....     

Radiometric Zircon Ages of a Tuff Sample from the Baishantou Member of Wuyun Formation,Jiayin: A Contribution to the Search for the K‐T Boundary in Heilongjian River Area,China

The existence of the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary in the non-marine succession is expected at Jiayin in the Heilongjiang River area, China. Zircons from a tuff sample from the Baishantou Member of Wuyun Formation in Jiayin were analyzed by the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb dating and fission-track dating methods. Ages of 64.1±0.7 Ma (U-Pb) and 61.7±1.8 Ma (fission-track dating) were obtained, which allow re-evaluation of a previously reported late Maastrichian age for the tuff layer that was in conflict with the paleontological evidence. These results confirm the Danian age of the section in agreement with the paleontological evidence.     

青藏高原北部中—新生代构造—热事件:来自柴西碎屑磷灰石裂变径迹的制约

柴西地区堆积了巨厚的新生界,不仅赋存有青海油田,且因紧邻阿尔金断裂和昆北断裂而蕴藏丰富的盆山耦合信息.对碎屑磷灰石的裂变径迹测试结果进行分析研究后认为,自渐新世以来,研究区经历了早期(32～3 Ma或4 Ma)的压陷-抬升和晚期(＜3 Ma或4 Ma)的快速整体挤压-隆升2个时期.进一步的分析表明:柴西及其周缘山地从晚...     

Late Neoproterozoic to Holocene thermal history of the Precambrian Georgetown Inlier,northeast Australia

Carboniferous‐Permian volcanic complexes and isolated patches of Upper Jurassic — Lower Cretaceous sedimentary units provide a means to qualitatively assess the exhumation history of the Georgetown Inlier since ca 350 Ma. However, it is difficult to quantify its exhumation and tectonic history for earlier times. Thermochronological methods provide a means for assessing this problem. Biotite and alkali feldspar ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar and apatite fission track data from the inlier record a protracted and non‐linear cooling history since ca 750 Ma. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages vary from 380 to 735 Ma, apatite fission track ages vary between 132 and 258 Ma and mean track lengths vary between 10.89 and 13.11 μm. These results record up to four periods of localised accelerated cooling within the temperature range of ～320–60°C and up to ～14 km of crustal exhumation in parts of the inlier since the Neoproterozoic, depending on how the geotherm varied with time. Accelerated cooling and exhumation rates (0.19–0.05 km/10⁶ years) are observed to have occurred during the Devonian, late Carboniferous‐Permian and mid‐Cretaceous — Holocene periods. A more poorly defined Neoproterozoic cooling event was possibly a response to the separation of Laurentia and Gondwana. The inlier may also have been reactivated in response to Delamerian‐age orogenesis. The Late Palaeozoic events were associated with tectonic accretion of terranes east of the Proterozoic basement. Post mid‐Cretaceous exhumation may be a far‐field response to extensional tectonism at the southern and eastern margins of the Australian plate. The spatial variation in data from the present‐day erosion surface suggests small‐scale fault‐bounded blocks experienced variable cooling histories. This is attributed to vertical displacement of up to ～2 km on faults, including sections of the Delaney Fault, during Late Palaeozoic and mid‐Cretaceous times.     

一种新型双缸互助折叠钻塔的设计思路及要点

介绍了一种新型双缸互助折叠钻塔的设计思路及要点。双缸互助折叠钻塔是为履带立轴式塔机一体岩心钻机配置的一组部件。钻塔折叠后满足运输长度,展开后满足施工高度。用双缸互助,将塔的上段翻转180?,实现塔的展开或塔的折叠。打钻前的展开、插销、起塔、塔的滑移着地,进入打钻状态,打钻结束后,塔的拆销,折叠,滑移,收、落塔,全过程的动作均为全液压驱动。达到整机方便移孔、方便运输、减少劳动力及辅助成本的目的。