钢筋混凝土框排架结构在多维地震作用下的空间性能分析

针对钢筋混凝土横向框排架、纵向框架-剪力墙结构的某火力发电厂主厂房,建立此类不规则结构在双向水平地震作用下的振型分解反应谱方法。建立不同形式地震波作用下的结构空间整体计算模型,通过弹塑性时程分析,分别进行结构单向及水平双向地震反应分析,统计单双向地震作用效应比值,对抗震规范中的地震效应组合公式进行修正,获得了具有实用价值和理论意义的成果。     

Surge deposit misidentification at Spor Mountain,Utah and elsewhere: A cautionary message for Mars

Before base surges were described in association with nuclear blasts and explosive volcanic eruptions (especially, the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington), laminar and cross-bedded volcanogenic surge deposits were commonly misinterpreted as being of fluvial or aeolian origin. One well-documented example involves the “water-laid tuffs” in and near the Spor Mountain beryllium mine, Utah; other examples abound. In light of how frequently volcanogenic surge deposits have been misinterpreted on Earth, extreme caution is urged for Mars studies. Contrary to what has been claimed, the markedly cross-bedded, salty deposits at Meridiani Planum on Mars need not have been formed by a combination of aeolian and aqueous processes, and their contained hematitic spherules need not have formed as aqueous concretions. Given the lack of indications of volcanism in the vicinity, and the planet-wide abundance of impact craters, deposition by surges associated with distant impact targets consisting of brine-soaked, locally sulfidic regolith is a reasonable explanation for all features observed, especially if diagenesis and weathering are considered. The uniformly sized and shaped, Ni-enriched blue-gray hematitic spherules would then be some type of vapor condensation spherules (including accretionary lapilli). A similar interpretation is possible for deposits in the Home Plate area, Gusev Crater. Unlike on the dry and atmosphereless Moon, salty impact surge deposits containing spherules should be common, and well-preserved, on Mars.     

Meteoritic and bedrock constraints on the glacial history of Frontier Mountain in northern Victoria Land, Antarctica

In 2001, a small H4 chondrite, Frontier Mountain (FRO) 01149, was found on a glacially eroded surface near the top of Frontier Mountain, Antarctica, about 600 m above the present ice level. The metal and sulphides are almost completely oxidized due to terrestrial weathering. We used a chemical leaching procedure to remove weathering products, which contained atmospheric ¹⁰Be and ³⁶Cl in a ratio similar to that found in Antarctic ice. The FRO 01149 meteorite has a terrestrial age of 3.0 ± 0.3 Myr based on the concentrations of the cosmogenic radionuclides ¹⁰Be, ²⁶Al and ³⁶Cl. This age implies that FRO 01149 is the oldest stony meteorite (fossil meteorites excluded) discovered on Earth. The noble gas cosmic ray exposure age of FRO 01149 is ~ 30 Myr. The meteorite thus belongs to the 33 Myr exposure age peak of H-chondrites.The bedrock surface on which FRO 01149 was found has wet-based glacial erosional features recording a former high-stand of the East Antarctic ice sheet. This ice sheet evidently overrode the highest peaks (> 2800 m a.s.l.) of the inland sector of the Transantarctic Mountains in northern Victoria Land. We argue that FRO 01149 was a local fall and that its survival on a glacially eroded bedrock surface constrains the age of the last overriding event to be older than ~ 3 Myr. The concentrations of in-situ produced cosmogenic ¹⁰Be, ²⁶Al and ²¹Ne in a glacially eroded bedrock sample taken from near the summit of Frontier Mountain yield a surface exposure age of 4.4 Myr and indicate that the bedrock was covered by several meters of snow. The exposure age is also consistent with bedrock exposure ages of other summit plateaus in northern Victoria Land.     

Characteristics,genesis and accumulation history of natural gas in Hetianhe gasfield,Tarim Basin,China

Hetianhe gasfield in Bachu region of the Tarim Basin is mainly composed of three reservoir-caprock assembly,namely regional caprock of upper mudstone,middle mudstone and lower mudstone of the Carboniferous and reservoir of Bachu bioclastic limestone,glutenite and the Ordovician carbonate buried hill.Natural gas in Hetianhe gasfield sourced from the Cambrian source rock.It is thought that gases in Ma4 well block in the east of Hetianhe gasfield are mainly crude-oil cracked gases,while those in Ma3 and Ma8 well blocks in the west are the mixture gases of kerogen cracked gases and crude-oil cracked gases.Natural gas is rich in H2S and accumulated in multiply stages as the result of TSR.The accumulation history is divided into three stages,namely accumulation and breakage in the late Caledonian-early Hercynian,migration and dissipation in the late Hercynian and accumulation in Himalayan. The main accumulation of reformed gas reservoir is in Himalayan.     

Episodic Fluid Injections in Overpressured Basins:A Case Study from Yinggehai Basin

INTRODUCTIoNTheprocessesandratesoffluidflowsinsedimentarybasinsareakeyforunderstandingdiagenesis,thermalconvec-tionandpetroleumaccumu1ationanddistribution.Therearemorethan18ooverpressuredbasinsintheworld(Hunt,l996,l99o).Episodicexpulsionisbelievedbymanyinvesti-gatorstobethemainprocessesforprimaryhydrocarbonmi-grationinoverpressuredsourcerocks.However,littlehasbeenknownaboutthenatureoffluidinjectionandpetroleumaccumulationinoverpressuredbasins.TheYinggehaibasinisoneofthefourmajorTertiaryb…     

MDD模式应用中若干问题的讨论Ⅱ——活化能选取的重要性

活化能取值在ＭＤＤ模式中对冷却曲线的温度有较大的影响,其影响度大约为７～８℃／ｋｃａｌ·ｍｏｌ－１,但它并不改变冷却曲线的形状。导致活化能取值偏低的影响因素包括低温阶段的加热时间、Ｋ－长石的纯度和部分斜长石、石英的混入等     

The 1998 outburst and history of the June Boötid meteor shower

The June Boötid meteor shower (sometimes referred to as the Draconids) surprised a number of regular and casual observers by an outburst with maximum zenithal hourly rates (ZHRs) near 100 on 1998 June 27 after a quiescent period of several decades. A total of 1217 June Boötid meteors were recorded during regular visual meteor observations throughout this outburst. An average population index of r =2.2±0.10 was derived from 1054 shower magnitude estimates. The broad activity profile with ZHR>40 lasting more than 12 h and the large spread of apparent radiants in 1998 resemble the 1916 and 1927 outbursts. The peak time is found to be at about λ _⊙=95°.7 (2000.0); peak ZHRs are of the order of 200, whereas reliable averages reach only 81±7. The period of high ZHRs covered by a single observer implies a full width at half-maximum of 3–4 h. The resulting maximum flux of particles causing meteors brighter than +6.5 mag is between 0.04 and 0.06 km⁻² h⁻¹. The average radiant from photographic, radar and visual records is α =224°.12, δ =+47°.77. The observed activity outbursts in 1916, 1927 and 1998 are not related to the orbital period or the perihelion passages of the parent comet 7P/Pons–Winnecke. These are probably a consequence of the effects of the 2:1 resonance with Jupiter.     

黄土高原的形成与发展

根据黄土高原古地理及气候演变、黄土地层年代学和侵蚀期与堆积期的资料分析,得出黄土高原出现之前为红土高原,气候以温暖半湿润弱波动为特征,250×10⁴ a来的黄土高原可分3个阶段。第一阶段出现在250×10⁴~140×10⁴ a之间,为高原内部弱侵蚀循环期,气候冷暖振动幅度较小。第二阶段出现在140×10⁴~0.4×10⁴ a之间,侵蚀动力加强,为高原自然侵蚀加强时期,气候冷暖振动幅度较大;第三阶段出现在4000 a以来,为高原异常加速侵蚀外流期。未来200 a黄土高原有向冷干发展的表现,这对黄土高原的治理是不利的,但不会发生大的自然变化。通过人类活动的积极作用,黄土高原的加速侵蚀向自然侵蚀或小于自然侵蚀的变化将会发生。可以预测,未来200 a的黄土高原仍是适于人类生存的好地方。     

从海相地层磷灰石的裂变径迹探讨楚雄盆地的热史及剥蚀史

磷灰石裂变径迹分析法是恢复沉积盆地热史的一种有效方法．以大量的磷灰石裂变径迹资料为基础,分析了楚雄盆地海相地层热历史及地层剥蚀量。本区测试的各个样品的单颗粒年龄分布特征总体上集中程度不太好,分散性较强,反映这些样品可能均未经历125℃以上的完全退火;封闭径迹长度的分布特征反映本区具有较复杂的热史,这可能与楚雄盆地构造变动强烈并伴有多期次火山活动有关。裂变径迹反映本地区3个主要不整合（D₁/O₂、T₃/D_2、K₂／J₂)具不同的剥蚀量,表明楚雄盐地曾有较为复杂的剥蚀史：其中云参1井3个不整合的剥蚀量分别为220m（D₁/O₂)、180m(T₃／D₂)和105m(K₂／J₂);云龙凹陷露头剖面3个不整合的剥蚀量为263m（D₁/O₂）、149m(T₃／D₂)和280m(K₂／J₂)。     

Vegetation history of the English chalklands: a mid‐Holocene pollen sequence from the Caburn,East Sussex

A pollen diagram has been produced from the base of the Caburn (East Sussex) that provides a temporally and spatially precise record of vegetation change on the English chalklands during the mid‐Holocene (ca. 7100 to ca. 3800 cal. yr BP). During this period the slopes above the site appear to have been well‐wooded, with vegetation analogous to modern Fraxinus–Acer–Mercurialis communities in which Tilia was also a prominent constituent. However, scrub and grassland taxa such as Juniperus communis, Cornus sanguinea and Plantago lanceolata are also regularly recorded along with, from ca. 6000 cal. yr BP onwards, species specific to Chalk grassland (e.g. Sanguisorba minor). This supports suggestions that elements of Chalk grassland persisted in lowland England through the Holocene. Such communities are most likely to have occupied the steepest slopes, although the processes that maintained them are unclear. Human interference with vegetation close to the site may have begun as early as ca. 6350 cal. yr BP and initially involved a woodland management practice such as coppicing. From the primary Ulmus decline (ca. 5700 cal. yr BP) onwards, phases of limited clearance accompanied by cereal cultivation occurred. Taxus baccata was an important component of the woodland which regenerated between these phases. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.