COMMENTS ON “SPATIAL VARIATION OF HILLSLOPE PROFILES IN THE CUMBERLAND PLATEAU,KENTUCKY” BY EDMUND B. WOOOS

Book Reviewed in this article:

Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns. Barbara Ruth Bailey.

Food Politics: The Regional Conflict. David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey, eds.

The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World. R. Ballance, J. Ansari and H. Singer.

Neighborhoods in Urban America. Ronald H. Bayor, ed.

The English Heartland. By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale.

Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy. Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande, eds.

Tension Areas of the World. D. Gordon Bennett, ed.

Latin America: an Introductory Survey. B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet, eds.

Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem. Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas, eds.

Energy and Land Use. Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin, eds.

Slopes and Weathering. Michael Clarke and John Small.

Alaska's Rural Development. Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald McBeath, eds.

The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America. Galen Cranz.

World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings. Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery, eds.

Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography. Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken.

Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development. T. Scarlett Epstein.

South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development. T. J. D. Fair.

Institutions and Geographical Patterns. Robin Flowerdew, ed.

Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas. Howard F. Gregor.

Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s. Patsy Healy, Glen McDougall and Michael J. Thomas, eds.

Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response. Jeffrey R. Henig.

The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective. R. J. Johnston.

Climate, History and the Modern World. Hubert H. Lamb.

Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man. T. M. L. Wigley, M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer.

China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935. Ernest P. Liang.

A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective. Robert S. Livingston, T. D. Anderson, T. M. Besmann, M. Olszewski, A. M. Perry, and C. D. West.

Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille. B. S. Mac Aodha, ed.

Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility. Hal S. Maggied.

Land Uses in American Cities. Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves.

Industrial Organisation and Location. Philip McDermott and Michael Taylor.

Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology. Emilio F. Moran.

Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor. Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas, eds.

The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada:

Urbanization and Environmental Quality. Isao Orishimo.

The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise. John Prest.

Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens. Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke.

Contest for the South China Sea. Marwyn S. Samuels.

The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values. Richard C. Smardon, ed.

Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen.

The Geography of Multinationals. Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift, eds.

Impact of Marine Pollution on Society. Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester.

Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham. Jerry A. Webman.

Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942. Robert C. West, ed.

Cartographic Drawing with Computers. P. Yoeli.     

长岭断陷深层天然气成藏期研究

利用榆深1井营城组未熟样品的热模拟实验、碳同位素分馏实验以及长深1等井的流体包裹体测试结果,在热史恢复的基础上,根据化学动力学和碳同位素分馏动力学理论,从烃源岩生烃史、甲烷碳同位素分馏效应以及包裹体均一温度等方面,对长岭断陷天然气成藏期加以判断。长岭断陷甲烷碳同位素均值为-33.11‰,碳同位素分馏效应显示天然气为116 Ma以来累积聚集成藏;生烃史表明营城组源岩在100～67.7 Ma大量生气,沙河子组在125～74 Ma达到生气高峰;同时包裹体证据表明查干花次洼的烃类气主要在110～78 Ma聚集成藏,伏龙泉次洼主要在110～1 Ma成藏。成藏期的判断结果说明:长岭断陷沙河子组早期生成的天然气未聚集成藏,仅116 Ma以后生成的天然气才具有成藏贡献,损失约14%左右;而营城组烃源岩生烃较晚,有利于成藏,包裹体证据也印证这一观点。     

多层叠置含煤层气系统成藏模拟软件研制

在前人成果基础上,优化改进了多层叠置含煤层气系统成藏演化史地质模型,在Microsoft Visual Studio 2008中运用C++语言开发成功,在Windows平台上测试通过后选取贵州织纳煤田水公河向斜为例进行了试算,计算结果能够较好地反映煤层气成藏演化历程。     

云南中甸香格里拉大酒店项目岩土工程分析

经资料整理、数理统计以及参照地区经验,认为场地工程性能一般,应采用桩基础或进行地基处理,提出合理岩土工程参数及地基处理方法、建议。     

富CO2深部流体对碳酸盐岩的溶蚀-充填作用的热力学分析

由于广泛而强烈的岩浆作用,我国东部的松辽、渤海湾、莺歌海以及西部的塔里木等盆地中都有富CO₂深部流体的活动。富CO₂深部流体与碳酸盐岩相互作用可用Duan and Li(2008)所建立的CO₂-H₂O-CaCO₃-NaCl体系的热力学模型来进行模拟计算。计算结果表明,富CO₂深部流体在自深部向浅部运移过程中对CaCO₃的溶解度会逐渐增加,到达一定深度后溶解度达到最大值,再向浅部溶解度开始逐渐降低; 也就是深部流体具有深部溶蚀碳酸盐岩-浅部沉淀碳酸盐矿物的规律。与浅部地层中的流体发生混合会使流体的CO₂含量和盐度降低,会导致CaCO₃的沉淀充填; 深部流体进入开启性断裂/裂缝体系中时,由于压力的降低,也会发生CaCO₃的沉淀充填。深部流体的CO₂含量、盐度、温度和压力的变化影响着实际的溶蚀-充填过程。塔中地区钻井也揭示了深部下奥陶统碳酸盐岩中发育有丰富的溶蚀孔隙,而在相对浅部的奥陶系灰岩和志留系砂岩中见有大量方解石的充填,这是富CO₂流体深部溶蚀-浅部充填的一个较好的实例。基于理论和实际分析,本文认为在岩浆火山作用广泛发育的塔里木等盆地中下古生界深部优质碳酸盐岩储层存在的可能性。     

Occurrence and significance of a quartz–amphibole schist xenolith within a mafic microgranular enclave in the Xiangshan volcanic-intrusive complex,SE China

The Xiangshan volcanic-intrusive complex is composed of rhyolitic crystal tuffs, welded tuffs, rhyodacite, porphyroclastic rhyolitic lava, subvolcanic rocks such as granite porphyry, and late quartz monzonitic porphyry and lamprophyre dikes. We report the first occurrence of a quartz–amphibole schist (QAS) xenolith enclosed within a mafic microgranular enclave (MME) in the Xiangshan volcanic-intrusive complex. The mineralogy of this xenolith consists of amphibole, biotite, quartz, and minor plagioclase. Petrographic and mineral composition studies indicate that the protolith of this xenolith likely originated from the metamorphic basement beneath Xiangshan. The amphibole (actinolite and magnesiohorblende) has been partially replaced by orthopyroxene at 800–1000°C and by diopside at <700°C, according to mineral thermometers; this replacement process may have taken place after the xenolith was trapped by the mafic magma host (now an MME). Studies of the QAS xenolith provide new information on the emplacement history of the mafic magma. The peak metamorphic temperature for amphibole replaced by pyroxene is higher than the crystallization temperature of the subvolcanic magma, which indicates that the heat of pyroxene formation must have been provided by the engulfing mafic melt. This magma must have emplaced to crustal level and trapped the QAS as a xenolith and then injected into the felsic magma. We suggested that the hybridization processes for the major elements of the pristine mafic magma may have been contaminated by crustal rocks to form its present composition of MME before mafic magma injection. However, the hybridization process appears not to have been formed via a single-stage process because various types of MMEs are presented in the Mesozoic magmatic rocks of SE China.     

云南泸水双米地铅矿成因探讨

脉状矿体赋存于高黎贡山群下亚群第三层（Ptgl31）,品位取决于大理岩、片麻岩破碎程度,典型的中低温热液裂隙充填型铅矿.     

祁连山玉石沟橄榄岩显微构造特征及演化

橄榄岩作为上地幔的主要成分,影响着上地幔的流变学行为,其显微构造记录了岩石形成发展过程中所经受的构造事件.通过对祁连山玉石沟橄榄岩样品的镜下显微构造观察、岩石组构测定及TEM位错分析,探讨了与变形相关的温度、围压、含水性和应变速率等因素,总结该岩石的变形机制和变形历史,并推断其形成发展时大地构造环境.研究表明,玉石沟橄榄岩产自上地幔,其变形改造经历了上地幔演化和脆-韧性变形2个阶段.上地幔演化阶段橄榄石发育明显的A型原生组构,电子背散射衍射技术（EBSD）测定的橄榄石显微组构表明,该地区橄榄岩形成于高温（＞ 1200℃）、低应力（＜350 MPa）、低应变速率、低含水量的地幔浅部环境条件下;脆-韧性变形阶段叠加改造了原生A型组构,而发育明显的D型次生组构.橄榄石变形主控因素为动态恢复作用,普遍发育亚晶粒、消光带和扭折显微构造等相关组构,并与透射电镜下所观察到的位错排对应,同时还发育以微破裂为主的一套脆性变形组构,表现出两组共轭剪破裂和另一组张性破裂等现象,揭示出与韧性动态恢复现象一致的应力场方向指示.     

造山带隆起剥蚀过程与沉积记录

大别山造山带是中生代碰撞造山作用的产物,其隆起过程中形成了合肥盆地。本文对合肥盆地侏罗系碎屑岩进行了成分分析,发现砾岩中有两类榴辉岩,一类为高压变质榴辉岩,另一类为超高压变质榴辉岩。对砂岩中碎屑白云母的成分分析表明,指示高压变质作用的多硅白云母在较低层位已大量出现。重建的碎屑物注入顺序为:非超高压变质岩—高压变质岩—超高压变质岩。结合变质岩石学研究和地球物理观测资料重建的大别山造山带内部结构,可进一步重建大别山的剥蚀历史:大别山造山带最先(三尖铺组沉积初期)受到剥蚀的是非超高压变质的片岩、片麻岩及大理岩,高压变质岩折返到地表受到剥蚀不晚于中侏罗世初期(三尖铺组沉积早期),而超高压变质岩折返到地表经受剥蚀的时间稍早于中侏罗世中期(凤凰台组沉积初期)。天山是典型的陆内造山带,其隆起是新生代以来印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的一种远程效应。本文对天山发育的花岗岩磷灰石裂变径迹分析,并对南侧的塔里木盆地北部古近系及新近系沉积岩进行了碎屑岩物源分析,在新的磁性地层学格架中讨论了天山的隆起剥蚀历史。砾石组分的突然变化发生在75~35 Ma,26~17 Ma和12~8 Ma间,从中天山物源区逐渐变为南天山物源区,12 Ma后变为以南天山为主要物源区。砂岩及重矿物组分变化表明,物源在124 Ma、26(~24)Ma及15(~12)Ma时发生过变化。磷灰石裂变径迹则进一步揭示了天山的3阶段差异性隆起历史:天山的早期隆起发生在124~80 Ma间,从中天山和南天山的交界处开始并向南扩展;第二次隆起发生在大约100~60 Ma间,从中天山开始向南扩展;第三次隆起从大约50 Ma开始,并向北南两侧扩展,至大约30 Ma时扩展到北天山,约20 Ma时扩展至南天山;其后,南天山在15(~12)Ma时发生了独立的隆起事件。本文的两个研究实例表明,盆地的充填符合计算机数据结构的堆栈过程,但造山带的隆起剥蚀却会出现明显的差异性。不能简单地说造山带的剥蚀和盆地的充填具镜像对称关系,这有可能导致错误的认识,一定要具体事例具体分析。