诗经日食及其天文环境

《诗经 .小雅》明确记载了发生于十月辛卯的日食 ,其时代和地域背景也比较清楚。但是精确的现代天文计算却找不到对应的事件。对公元前 8- 6世纪的全部辛卯日食、厉王至幽王时代的全部十月日食以及相关的天文因素进行了全面的计算和讨论 ,以期对史学界关于文献背景的讨论提供帮助。     

A comparison of late Quaternary forest changes in New Caledonia and northeastern Australia

A pollen record from Lake Xere Wapo, southeast New Caledonia, is the longest continuous terrestrial record to be recovered from the tropical southwest Pacific and reveals a series of millennial scale changes in vegetation over the last 130,000 yr. A comparison of the Lake Xere Wapo record with the key northeast Australian record of Lynch's Crater reveals regional patterns of change. From 120,000 to 50,000 yr ago the vegetation around Lake Xere Wapo alternated between rainforest and maquis with fire an important disturbance factor. In the last 50,000 yr fire is almost absent from the record and the vegetation assumes a character unprecedented in the preceding 100,000 yr, dominated by Dacrydium and Podocarpus pollen. The most compelling aspect of the comparison with Lynch's Crater is that the much-discussed Araucaria decline at around 45,000 yr ago in northern Queensland is matched by a similar decline in the Lake Xere Wapo record.     

阿尔金山脉新生代剥露历史——前陆盆地沉积记录

新疆且末县江尕勒萨依盆地位于阿尔金山脉的北西山前,其内连续沉积了中生代一新生代地层。盆地内古新统一始新统为河流相沉积;渐新统至中新统为山麓河流相灰色砾岩和棕色砂岩;上新统为山麓洪积相砾岩夹泥岩;下更新统全为砾岩层。岩性组合特征及其砂岩碎屑、砾石组分变化规律,反映出阿尔金山脉的新生代剥蚀历史：古近纪早、中期,阿尔金山脉的地形高差小,古生界双峰式火山岩首先被剥蚀;至渐新世末一中新世早期,山脉高差加大,基底元古宇开始出露地表被剥蚀;中新世末期,山脉高差进一步加大,剥蚀速率加快;至第四纪早期西域砾岩开始沉积时,地形高差加剧,中、古元古界开始暴露被剥蚀。区域资料分析表明,阿尔金山脉在新生代具有多期次阶段性隆升的特征,存在3期次快速隆升事件：渐新世末一中新世早期、中新世晚期(大约8Ma)和第四纪早期。     

A 1500-year record of temperature and glacial response inferred from varved Iceberg Lake, southcentral Alaska

We present a varve thickness chronology from glacier-dammed Iceberg Lake in the southern Alaska icefields. Radiogenic evidence confirms that laminations are annual and record continuous sediment deposition from A.D. 442 to A.D. 1998. Varve thickness is positively correlated with Northern Hemisphere temperature trends, and more strongly with a local, ∼600 yr long tree ring width chronology. Varve thickness increases in warm summers because of higher melt, runoff, and sediment transport (as expected), but also because shrinkage of the glacier dam allows shoreline regression that concentrates sediment in the smaller lake. Varve thickness provides a sensitive record of relative changes in warm season temperatures. Relative to the entire record, temperatures implied by this chronology were lowest around A.D. 600, warm between A.D. 1000 and A.D. 1300, cooler between A.D. 1500 and A.D. 1850, and have increased dramatically since then. Combined with stratigraphic evidence that contemporary jökulhlaups (which began in 1999) are unprecedented since at least A.D. 442, this record suggests that 20th century warming is more intense, and accompanied by more extensive glacier retreat, than the Medieval Warm Period or any other time in the last 1500 yr.     

塔中117井储层烃包裹体研究及油气成藏史

将一个烃包裹体视为一个小小的“油气藏圈闭”。若已知油气藏烃组分,应用 PVTpro4.0油藏烃类流体相态平衡软件,可以获取油气藏圈闭的组分 PVT 相图及捕获压力参数。本文首先对 TZ117井盐水包裹体和烃包裹体进行观察分析,将TZ117烃包裹体分成三期,然后在-170℃条件下利用喇曼测定烃包裹体中烃组分的相对含量,并输入 PVTpr04.0油藏烃类流体相态平衡软件中做出烃包裹体 PVT 相图,确定烃包裹体捕获压力。根据烃包裹体捕获压力,恢复三期烃包裹体形成时的深度,结合 TZ117埋藏史,研究 TZ117井油气成藏史。     

地史早期岩石中的铅锌演化--狼山-渣尔泰山中元古代铅锌成矿的物质基础

以中国内蒙古狼山一渣尔泰山中元古代SEDEX型铅．锌成矿带为例，研究了该区从太古代到中元古代地壳岩石的铅锌含量和变化关系以及与成矿的关系。研究发现，从早到晚，岩石SiO2和K2O含量升高，铅含量也与二者同步增加；FeO、MgO、CaO及Na20含量呈下降趋势，锌含量也同步降低。在太古代时，岩石的Zn／Pb比值一般〉8，中元古代时这一比值降低为2～4。矿石的Zn／Pb比值与基底岩石Zn／Pb比值具有很好的一致性。铅锌这种随时间的变化与中元古代铅的暴发性成矿及大规模铅锌共生矿床的形成是同步的，说明基底岩石中的铅和锌是该成矿带SEDEX矿床成矿的物质基础。     

中国地图学史研究近况与发展设想

在 2 0世纪 90年代 ,中国地图学史研究取得了丰富的成果。中国测绘科学研究院等权威机构完成了“中华古地图珍品选集”等科研项目 ,出版了《中国古代地图集》、《舆图综录》等图籍和工具书 ,在古代地图与近代地图研究方面发表了若干著作和高水平研究论文。进入 2 0世纪的信息时代 ,中国地图史研究仍具有进一步发展的动力 ,在社会化信息传播等方面将取得引人瞩目的进展。