Dynamic buckling of braces in concentrically braced frames

Axially loaded members might experience compressive forces above their static buckling capacity because of dynamic buckling under rapid shortening. Although the subject is studied in the context of engineering mechanics, it has not been thoroughly investigated in the field of earthquake engineering. Such dynamic overshoots in the compressive capacity can also be observed for braces of concentrically braced frames (CBFs) during earthquakes. Consequently, a comprehensive investigation is conducted in this study regarding the effects of dynamic buckling of braces on the seismic behavior of steel CBFs. After providing a theoretical background, recent dynamic experiments on braces and CBFs are simulated and discussed to investigate the occurrence of dynamic overshoot during these tests. Eight archetype CBFs are then designed, modeled, and subjected to a large set of ground motions to provide a quantified insight on the frequency and anticipated level of dynamic overshoot in the compressive capacity of braces during earthquakes. Results of a total of 1600 nonlinear time history analyses revealed that dynamic overshoots occur frequently in braces and affect the behavior of CBFs notably. Considerable increases are recorded in forces transmitted to other members of CBFs as a consequence of such dynamic overshoots. Importance of incorporating these dynamic overshoots in the capacity design procedure of columns, beams, and gusset plates is highlighted. Furthermore, results of a parametric study are presented and summarized in the form of a simple formula that can be used as a guide for estimating the level of dynamic overshoot.     

一种深厚覆盖层场地地震动参数的确定方法

基于欧美规范确定了坐落在深厚覆盖层上KH抽水蓄能电站上、下库场地基本运行和最大设计地震动峰值加速度、反应谱和时程等动参数。首先依据场地区域地震烈度区划图、特征周期区划图和依据场地地质地震条件选取的5条种子实测地震动确定场地基岩输入加速度时程、峰值加速度和设计反应谱,进而基于各土层地质参数和一维弹性波传播模拟程序确定覆盖层表面的平均峰值加速度、平均反应谱和5条地震动时程,对所得到的平均反应谱和峰值加速度进行光滑处理后确定可用于各建筑物结构抗震设计的地震动参数,包括覆盖层表面水平向动力响应加速度时程、峰值加速度和设计反应谱。该方法可较好地保留输入地震动的真实动力特性,如持时、相位和频率等,为我国规范中建议的确定场地地震动参数的方法提供有益的补充。     

Spatial and temporal patterns of sediment storage over 45 years in Carnation Creek,BC, a previously glaciated mountain catchment

The movement of sediment through mountain river networks remains difficult to predict, as processes beyond streamflow and particle size are responsible for the entrainment and transport of bedload sediment. In deglaciated catchments, additional complexity arises from glacial impacts on landscape organization. Research to date indicates that the quantity of sediment stored in the channel is an important component of sediment transport in systems which alternate between supply and transport limited states, but limited long-term field data exist which can capture storage-transfer dynamics over a timescale encompassing episodic supply typical of mountain streams. We use a 45-year dataset with annual and decadal-scale data on sediment storage, channel morphology, and wood loading to investigate the spatial and temporal organization of storage in Carnation Creek, a previously glaciated 11 km² catchment on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Sediment is supplied episodically to the channel, including additions from debris flows in the early 1980s just upstream of the studied channel region. Analyzing the spatial and temporal organization of sediment storage along 3.0 km of channel mainstem reveals a characteristic storage wavelength similar to the annual bedload particle travel distance. Over time, two scales of variation in storage are observed: small-scale fluctuation of 3–10 years corresponding to local erosional and depositional processes, and larger scale response over 25–35 years related to supply of sediment from hillslopes. Complex relationships between storage and sediment transfer (i.e., annual change in storage) are identified, with decadal-scale hysteresis present in storage-transfer relations in sites influenced by hillslope sediment and logjams. We propose a conceptual model linking landscape organization to temporal variability in storage and to storage–export cycles. Collectively, our results reaffirm the importance of storage to sediment transport and channel morphology, and highlight the complexity of storage–transport interactions. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于典型工程实例对剪力墙抗震性能动力时程分析的提高研究

为提升剪力墙抗震性能分析精度,以某高层建筑工程楼体剪力墙为背景,将静力弹塑性分析方法与能量等效准则相结合,确定房屋剪力墙结构沿2个主轴方向的三线性恢复力参数,通过参数构建房屋剪力墙相近层模型。使用三维有限元模型模拟房屋剪力墙工程楼体,并采用相近层模型模拟该楼体三维有限元模型抗震性能的动力时程。结果表明,随着地震水平和楼层的增加,房屋剪力墙层间侧移角包络值和顶点侧移角包络值都在明显增加。设置黏滞流体阻尼器可改善房屋剪力墙受两种地震波的作用,在Ⅸ度罕见地震作用下,房屋剪力墙结构的X向减震效果比Y向好,房屋剪力墙X向和Y向层间位移角的最大减震率分别约为38%与18%。     

强震区轻骨料混凝土桥梁地震响应研究

为研究轻骨料混凝土桥梁的地震响应,以一座强震区典型连续梁桥为研究对象,在考虑轻骨料混凝土材料特性基础上建立桥梁结构有限元分析模型,采用非线性动力时程分析法进行结构地震响应分析,研究轻骨料混凝土材料布设位置对桥梁结构动力特性和地震响应的影响,并从内力和位移响应方面与普通混凝土桥梁进行对比。结果表明:与普通混凝土桥梁相比,仅上部结构或仅下部结构采用轻骨料混凝土对降低桥墩内力并不明显,而全桥采用轻骨料混凝土能够显著降低桥墩内力。轻骨料混凝土桥梁与普通混凝土桥梁地震内力和位移响应变化趋势不同,桥墩塑性发展程度和时间存在差异。采用轻骨料混凝土桥梁方案时,应综合考虑结构质量、刚度分布及材料塑性特性与普通混凝土桥梁的不同,合理确定抗震设计方案。     

无筋砌体农居地震弹塑性有限元研究

利用ABAQUS软件对既有的砌体墙试验结果进行了数值模拟,验证了模型的正确性以及混凝土损伤塑性模型对模拟砌体结构受力性能的可用性。在此基础上,借助实地调查获得的结构参数和材料性能数据,以重庆典型农居建筑为例,建立了无筋砌体农居的三维有限元模型,对数值模型进行了动力特性分析和不同烈度下多遇及罕遇地震的动力弹塑性时程分析,并建议了无筋砌体结构农居在不同地震烈度破坏下墙体表面积受拉损伤率的临界值。最后,利用既有文献提出的层间位移角限值,分析了该农居的破坏程度,比较了墙体表面积受拉损伤率和层间位移角限值衡量砌体结构的破坏程度。分析结果表明:提出的墙体表面积受拉损伤率和层间位移角限值衡量砌体结构破坏程度吻合良好;当墙体表面积受拉损伤率小于1%时,结构轻微破坏;当位于1%~5%时,发生中等程度破坏;当位于5%~30%时,发生严重破坏;当大于30%时,结构倒塌。     

Nonsymmetrical loading protocols for shear links in eccentrically braced frames

The AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings (AISC 341-16) provide a testing protocol for qualification of link-to-column connections in eccentrically braced frames (EBFs). This symmetrical testing protocol was developed by conducting nonlinear time history analysis on representative EBFs designed according to the International Building Code. Although the testing protocol is intended for qualification of link-to-column connections, many research programs have employed this recommended protocol for testing of shear links. Recent numerical investigations on constructed EBFs and archetype models showed that links can be subjected to one-sided loadings with significantly higher link rotation angles than the codified limits. A numerical study has been undertaken to develop nonsymmetrical loading protocols for shear links in EBFs. Pursuant to this goal, 20 EBF archetypes were designed according to the ASCE7-16 standard. The main parameters investigated were the link length to bay width ratio (e/L), number of stories, type of EBF, and the ground motion level. The archetypes were subjected to maximum considered earthquake and collapse level earthquake as recommended by FEMA P695. The results showed that the history of link rotation is single sided and depends strongly on e/L and the level of ground motion. Nonsymmetrical loading protocols that depend on the aforementioned variables were developed and are presented herein.     

地震破裂产生的动态应变场的模拟计算研究

设地震破裂为一个以有限速度扩展的双侧破裂走滑断层,在1°×1°的研究范围内,通过离散波数法合成理论位移地震图,计算研究区域中144个场点的位移时程,在此基础上得到了应变时程和动态应变场,并讨论了应变时程的动态特征和动态应变场的分布特征。地震破裂动态应变场的计算为将来实现地震动态库仑破裂应力场的计算奠定了基础。     

多向地震作用下隔震配电建筑物的非线性动力反应分析

本文结合我国首例将隔震技术应用于变电建筑物的工程———西安市330kV西北郊变电站110kV配电楼工程,研究隔震结构在多向地震作用下的非线性动力反应,并把计算结果与单向地震作用的结果进行分析比较。结果表明,本工程采用隔震技术是可行的,采用基础隔震措施可有效地控制结构的偏心扭转效应,使屋面层及楼面层的运动规律趋于一致,建筑物整体趋于平动,同时还可显著降低上部结构及电气设备的地震作用,并且在多向地震作用下的结果比单向地震作用时的隔震效果更加合理。目前该工程已竣工投产,本文工作将为隔震技术在电力系统的更广泛应用打下一个良好的基础。