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81.
Well-exposed eolian units of the Jurassic system on the Colorado Plateau including the Wingate Sandstone, show prominent color variations throughout southeastern Utah due to diagenetic changes that include precipitation and/or removal of iron oxide, clay, and carbonate cement. Spatially variable characteristic diagenetic changes suggest fluid-rock interactions through the sandstone. Distinctive spectral signatures of diagenetic minerals can be used to map diagenetic mineral variability and possibly fluid-flow pathways. The main objective of this work was to identify characteristic diagenetic minerals, and map their spatial variability from regional to outcrop scale in Wingate Sandstone exposures of Lisbon Valley, Utah. Laboratory reflectance spectroscopy analysis of the samples facilitated identification of diagnostic spectral characteristics of the common diagenetic minerals and their relative abundances between altered and unaltered Wingate Sandstone. Comparison of reflectance spectroscopy with satellite, airborne, and ground-based imaging spectroscopy data provided a method for mapping and evaluating spatial variations of diagenetic minerals. The Feature-oriented Principal Component Selection method was used on Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer data so as to map common mineral groups throughout the broader Wingate Sandstone exposure in the area. The Minimum Noise Fraction and Spectral Angle Mapper methods were applied on airborne HyMap and ground-based hyperspectral imaging data to identify and map mineralogical changes. The satellite and airborne data showed that out of 25.55 km2 total exposure of Wingate Sandstone in Lisbon Valley, unaltered sandstone cover 12.55 km2, and altered sandstone cover 8.90 km2 in the northwest flank and 5.09 km2 in the southern flank of the anticline. The ground-based hyperspectral data demonstrated the ability to identify and map mineral assemblages with two-dimensional lateral continuity on near-vertical rock faces. The results showed that 39.71% of the scanned outcrop is bleached and 20.60% is unbleached while 6.33% remain unclassified, and 33.36% is masked-out as vegetation. The bleached and unbleached areas are alternating throughout the vertical face of the outcrop. The relative hematite abundance observed in the unbleached areas are somewhat symmetrical. This indicates fairly similar reaction intensities along the upper and lower reaction fronts observed in the vertical section. The distribution geometry and relative abundances of diagenetic minerals not only suggest multiple paths of fluid-flow in Wingate Sandstone but also provides some insight about relative direction of past fluid-flow. 相似文献
82.
DAVID B. LOOPE RICHARD M. KETTLER KARRIE A. WEBER NATHAN L. HINRICHS DEREK T. BURGESS 《Sedimentology》2012,59(6):1769-1781
Iron‐bearing concretions are valuable records of oxidation states of subsurface waters, but the first concretions to form can be altered drastically during later diagenetic events. Distinctive concretions composed of heavy rinds of iron oxide that surround iron‐poor, mud‐rich cores are common along bases of fluvial cross‐bed sets of the Cretaceous Dakota Formation, Nebraska, USA. Concretion rinds thicken inward and cores contain 46 to 89% void space. Millimetre‐scale spherosiderites are abundant in palaeosols that developed in floodplain facies. Evolution of rinded concretions began when intraformational clasts were eroded from sideritic soils, transported, abraded and deposited in river channels. Alteration of siderite and formation of rinds occurred much later, perhaps in the Quaternary when sandstone pore waters became oxic. Dakota concretions are analogous to ‘rattlestones’ in Pleistocene fluvial channels of The Netherlands, and their rinded structure is analogous to that of iron‐rich concretions in the aeolian Navajo Sandstone of Utah. In all three deposits, rinded concretions formed when pre‐existing, siderite‐cemented concretions were oxidized within a sand matrix. Unlike fluvial examples, siderite in the Navajo Sandstone was autochthonous and of late diagenetic origin, having precipitated from carbon dioxide and methane‐enriched waters moving through folded and jointed strata. Iron‐rich rinds formed in all these strata because concretion interiors remained anaerobic, even as oxygen accumulated in the pore waters of their surrounding, permeable matrix. Iron oxide first precipitated at redox boundaries at concretion perimeters and formed an inward‐thickening rind. Acid generated by the oxidation reaction drove siderite dissolution to completion, creating the iron‐poor core. Iron‐oxide rinds are indicators of the former presence of siderite, a mineral that forms only under reducing conditions, during either early or late diagenesis. Siderite is vulnerable to complete oxidation upon exposure, so the distinctive rinded concretions are valuable clues that aid in deciphering diagenetic histories and for recognizing methanic floodplain palaeoenvironments and wet palaeoclimate. 相似文献
83.
对鄂尔多斯盆地北部铀成矿带产铀层位中侏罗统直罗组砂岩进行系统采样和分析,以探讨砂岩中粘土矿物特征与氧化带成因之间的关系。采用X‐射线粉晶衍射、电子探针分析等现代分析手段,测定粘土矿物相对含量、微观形貌特征。结果表明:研究区古层间氧化的演变序列为砂体原始灰色→古氧化作用(红色或黄色)→碳酸盐化(残留了部分红色)→后期还原作用(绿色),对应的岩石蚀变期次为早期氧化酸性蚀变→氧化期后弱碱性蚀变→晚期还原弱碱性蚀变;早期氧化砂岩在还原性气体作用下,Fe3+还原转化为Fe2+,高岭石在有Fe2+存在的条件下会向绿泥石转化,这一反应在碎屑颗粒表面,形成许多极细小的针叶状绿泥石,从而使古层间氧化亚带呈现特征的绿色。 相似文献
84.
The age of formation of the Lapstone Monocline has been long considered to be late Pliocene/early Pleistocene (the Kosciusko Uplift) but it is now generally thought to be much older. Palaeomagnetic data from haematite‐rich beds within the Hawkesbury Sandstone on and about the monocline indicate that it formed before the oldest haematite was introduced to these beds. The age of this oldest haematite is 15 ± 7 Ma. On the basis of these data, the age of the monocline is unlikely to be less than 8 Ma, probably exceeds 15 Ma, and could be older than 22 Ma. 相似文献
85.
云南六苴铜矿床是楚雄盆地砂岩型铜矿床的典型代表。矿区岩浆活动不明显,近年来通过深部钻孔和竖井工程,在矿床深部揭露出煌斑岩脉。通过岩相学、电子探针、ICP-MS、锆石U-Pb定年等分析,确定六苴铜矿床的煌斑岩属云煌岩,其成岩年龄为31~33Ma,于铜矿床的改造成矿期侵位。主量元素特征显示其属于钾质钙碱性煌斑岩;微量元素表现为大离子亲石元素Sr、Th和Rb等相对富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta和Ti等亏损;稀土元素表现出轻稀土强烈富集的特点。锆石176Hf/177Hf值为0.28230~0.28272,比较集中的Hf同位素组成εHf(t)=-4~2。综合分析认为,六苴铜矿床的煌斑岩主要源自流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔,岩浆在快速上升过程中进一步熔融混染了少部分先存的地壳残片,为喜马拉雅期印度-欧亚板块碰撞挤压背景下,从挤压转换为拉张环境的产物。该煌斑岩与富厚铜矿体二者在空间、时间、构造-热液、产出状态、成矿流体及物质来源等方面均具有紧密联系,对铜矿体的改造富集起到重要作用,可作为预测富厚铜矿体的指示标志。煌斑岩脉内含有方铅矿、闪锌矿等金属硫化物,暗示深部具铅锌成矿潜力。
相似文献86.
87.
The Tawil Sandstone (Lower Devonian) in Central Saudi Arabia overlies the Sharwara Member of the Tayyarat Formation (Silurian) and succeeded conformly by the Shaiba Member of the Jauf Formation. Petrographical data reveal that the Tawil Sandstone comprises 96% quartz, 3% feldspar, and 1% rock fragments and all samples are classified as quartz arenites. The presence of well sorted, altered to fresh feldspar, and discriminate function analysis suggests that the sediments have been subjected to substartial reworking resulting in a high level of maturity. Modal analysis data (Q–F–L) suggest a stable cratonic provenance for the sediments and accumulation in a passive margin basin is indicated (binary plot of SiO2 vs K2O/Na2O). Diagenetic features include dissolution of feldspar and rock fragments, compaction, reduction of the existing pore space through rearrangements, and rotation and fragmentation of grains resulting in dissolution of quartz grains and cementation. 相似文献
88.
新疆皮山杜瓦普司格组晚二叠世孢粉的发现 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
新疆皮山杜瓦剖面普司格组中、上部含丰富的孢子花粉化石,并以双气囊花粉数量占优势为特征。Lueckisporitesvirkkiae、Taeniaesporitesspp.和Gardenasporitesxinjiangensis等国内外晚二叠世典型分子在该组合内出现,表明普司格组的时代并非仅限于以往所普遍认为的早二叠世,亦应包括部分晚二叠世。结合对普司格组上覆和下伏地层的古生物群分析,普司格组的时代为早二叠世中期至晚二叠世中期。 相似文献
89.
Silurian to mid-Devonian basin development of the Melbourne Zone, Lachlan Fold Belt, southeastern Australia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Melbourne Zone comprises Early Ordovician to Early Devonian marine turbidites, which pass conformably upward into a mid-Devonian fluviatile succession. There are four pulses of Silurian to mid-Devonian deep-marine sandstone-dominated sedimentation: Early Silurian (late Llandovery), Late Silurian (Ludlow), earliest Devonian (Lochkovian) and late Early Devonian (Emsian). Two dispersal patterns have been defined using more than 1100 palaeocurrent measurements, mainly from sole marks and cross-laminations in graded beds, together with sandstone compositions. The older pattern, of Silurian to earliest Devonian age, contains the lowest three sandstone pulses. Palaeocurrents and provenance define a wedge of southwesterly derived sediment, of largely cratonic provenance, thinning eastward. This older dispersal pattern is part of an Early Ordovician to earliest Devonian east-facing passive continental margin succession. Palaeocurrents and provenance in the Emsian sandstone pulse comprise three patterns: (1) west- to southwesterly directed palaeocurrents associated with fine- to coarse-grained, locally conglomeratic, lithic sandstones containing a high proportion of volcanic detritus; (2) east- to northeasterly directed palaeocurrents associated with fine- to medium-grained quartz-lithic sandstones; (3) north- to northwesterly and south- to southeasterly directed palaeocurrents associated with fine- to medium-grained sandstones of variable lithic composition. The palaeocurrent and provenance pattern defines a NNW-elongate basin with a tectonically active eastern margin, and is similar to the coeval Mathinna basin of northeastern Tasmania. Both basins are part of the same system of wrench basins, which developed along the western side of the Wagga–Omeo Metamorphic Belt during the earliest Devonian to Middle Devonian. The change in tectonic setting in the earliest Devonian appears to have occurred during an interval of significant dextral translation of the eastern Lachlan Fold Belt towards the SSE along the Governor and associated fault zones. 相似文献
90.
万骏 《华东地质学院学报》1998,21(3):249-253
本文以512矿床为例阐述层间氧化带砂岩铀矿床,矿化富集部位与铀镭平衡变化特征的关系,铀镭平衡变化特征与地面异常的关系,重点论述了层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床的氡异常特征,评价了地面氡法寻找层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床的作用和意义 。 相似文献