赣南—粤北版石群及其地质时代

赣南—粤北中生代晚期存在上、中、下3个不同时代的火山岩系,其中上火山岩系称为版石群。根据岩性岩相特征,版石群可进一步划分为两个岩组:下岩组称为合水组,以砾岩、砂岩、页岩等沉积岩为主、夹火山岩,代表火山活动初始期的产物;上岩组称为优胜组,岩性为流纹岩、流纹质凝灰岩、熔结凝灰岩,代表火山活动喷发期的产物。长塘盆地优胜组熔结凝灰岩全岩RbSr等时线年龄为89.5Ma;仁差盆地优胜组流纹岩全岩RbSr等时线年龄为91.9～94Ma,熔结凝灰岩锆石UPb法年龄为86.5Ma,次流纹斑岩锆石UPb法年龄为93.5Ma;菖蒲盆地优胜组流纹岩全岩RbSr等时线年龄为104Ma;版石盆地优胜组流纹岩全岩RbSr等时线年龄为72.2Ma,全岩KAr法年龄为77.6Ma,可见版石群优胜组的地质时代为早白垩世晚期—晚白垩世早期。另外,合水组的生物化石反映出早白垩世的特征,因此,将版石群置于早白垩世—晚白垩世早期是可信的。     

五台地区高凡群形成时代新证据:锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年

五台地区高凡群对于华北克拉通早前寒武纪变质地层层序建立具有重要意义。本文对高凡群磨河组开展了地球化学和锆石年代学研究。变质沉积岩稀土总量为(132.78~231.84)×10^-6(样品W1927的稀土总量为1016.55×10^-6),轻重稀土分离弱((La/Yb)_N=4.5~12.5),具明显负铕异常(δEu=0.37~0.62),稀土模式与太古宙后泥砂质碎屑沉积岩十分类似。一个白云石英片岩样品(D004)的变质原岩中存在大量2.7 Ga、2.54~2.5 Ga、2.3 Ga和2.18 Ga碎屑锆石,最年轻锆石可能来自同时代火山岩。一个含黄铁矿白云片岩样品(W1927)的最年轻锆石年龄为2194 Ma,被认为代表了岩石形成时代。结合前人研究,可把高凡群形成时代限定在<2176 Ma和2350 Ma之间,碎屑物质主要来自恒山、五台、阜平、云中山、吕梁地区新太古代—古元古代变质基底或更远的地区。     

阿拉善地块中元古代诺尔公群的构造变形特征

阿拉善地块作为华北板块的重要组成部分及关键的构造单元,经历了不同时期构造热事件的叠加作用。本文选取阿拉善地块巴音诺尔公地区出露的中元古代诺尔公群进行研究,总结了这些前寒武纪岩石的几何学、运动学及显微构造特征,并对其构造格架、变形期次进行了初步划分。研究表明,中元古代诺尔公群内部至少存在两期变形,早期变形表现为原始层理的片理化过程,形成了区域走向近NE-SW向的片理;而晚期变形则表现为顺片理走向的右行走滑剪切作用。结合前人已有研究成果及年代学资料,认为中元古代诺尔公群的内部变形主要受到石炭纪-二叠纪查干础鲁弧后盆地向阿拉善微陆块之下俯冲作用的控制,俯冲作用造成了NW-SE向的挤压,从而发生了早期片理化,而随后顺俯冲带走向的走滑作用则调节了挤压造成的缩短。     

Trace fossils from Talchir carbonate concretions,Giridih basin,Jharkhand

The carbonate concretions occurring at the bottom of Talchir fissile shale facies preserved signatures of various trace fossils along with a cast of doubtful organisms and cyanobacterial mat structures. The host shale deposited under glacial melt water fed lacustrine condition. The concretions, formed in poorly oxygenated conditions, are either of syndepositional origin and/or deposited a little below the sediment water interface and were later exhumed to the depositional surface due to erosion of soft mud overlying them. The trace fossils are both megascopic and microscopic in nature. The megascopic trace fossils are identified on the basis of their morphology as Monocraterion and Rhizocorallium. Some of the megascopic structures described remain problematic at present. The microscopic trace fossils are formed due to the activity of marine meiofauna (possibly by nematodes), which, although produced morphologically show similar traces of known larger ichnogeneras but much smaller than them. The discovery of these trace fossils apparently indicate the influx of saline water into a lacustrine domain during the Talchir sedimentation at Giridih basin. Moreover, presence of the above two megascopic trace fossils in the marine lacustrine carbonate concretions may lead researchers to consider their much wider environmental significance than hitherto believed.     

甘肃省文县石坊群孢子化石的发现及地质意义

在测制甘肃文县地区石坊群地层剖面中发现了孢子化石,共计14个属,56个种,将其与贵州独山、都匀地区的早、中泥盆世孢子化石组合对比,发现组合特征基本一致。因而确定了石坊群地层时代属早、中泥盆世,为石坊群地层划分、时代确定及地质构造发展史研究提供了可靠的依据。     

甘肃东大山地区龙首山岩群地球化学特征及其构造环境

东大山地区龙首山岩群形成于早元古代,是一套经角闪岩相变质改造的变质地质体.按岩石组合特征划为四个岩组A岩组以黑云片麻岩和斜长角闪岩为主,夹有少量变粒岩、大理岩和二云石英片岩;B岩组以各种石英片岩和云母片岩为主,夹多层石英岩、长石石英岩和薄层状大理岩;C岩组以各种云母片岩和石英片岩为主,夹斜长角闪岩和大理岩;D岩组以中层-中厚层状大理岩为主,夹钙质片岩、云母片岩和变粒岩.A岩组原岩为一套以火山岩为主的沉积岩;B、C岩组原岩建造均以杂砂岩-泥质岩为主,但B岩组比C岩组有更多石英砂岩,而C岩组夹基性火山岩;D岩组原岩以碳酸盐岩为主.A、C岩组中基性火山岩均显示偏碱性成分特征,形成于板内裂谷环境.B、C岩组中泥质岩的岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素与后太古代的均值接近.与B岩组相比,C岩组泥质岩更富稀土、更小的δEu、更大的(La/Lu)N;Cr、Ni、Co低,Rb、Ba、Hf、Nb、Ta高;FeO、MgO、CaO、Na2O低,P2O5、TiO2、K2O高.龙首山岩群原岩建造显示华北板块西部早元古代的板内裂谷从早到晚构造活动性由强到弱.     

相速、群速和能量传播速度

本文论述群速和能量传播速度的基本概念,并对相速、群速及能量传播速度的联系及区别作了讨论。     

滇中昆阳群刺穿构造形成机制研究

从昆阳群内刺穿构造时、究分布特征出发，详细研究刺穿体边界特征及其性质，体内物质组成与结构、构造和变质变形特点。分析地质高孔隙流体作用在刺穿构造发生和成长中的地位和作用，提出地层高孔隙流体压力的波动和局部作用是导致刺穿的重要因素，逆冲推覆断裂作用应是继因民组地层岩石水力破裂、破裂作用之后所发生。昆阳群刺穿构造经历了本区地壳岩石圈由拉张体制下的张性破裂、断裂（刺穿）过程向挤压体制下的缩短、增厚过程的转化演化。最后，建立了刺穿构造形成的构造物理过程演化模型。     

Numerical methods of star formation history measurement and applications to seven dwarf spheroidals

A comprehensive study of the measurement of star formation histories from colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) is presented, with an emphasis on a variety of subtle issues involved in the generation of model CMDs and maximum likelihood solution. Among these are the need for a complete sampling of the synthetic CMD, the use of proper statistics for dealing with Poisson-distributed data (and a demonstration of why χ ² must not be used), measuring full uncertainties in all reported parameters, quantifying the goodness-of-fit, and questions of binning the CMD and incorporating outside information. Several example star formation history measurements are given. Two examples involve synthetic data, in which the input and recovered parameters can be compared to locate possible flaws in the methodology (none were apparent) and measure the accuracy with which ages, metallicities and star formation rates can be recovered. Solutions of the histories of seven Galactic dwarf spheroidal companions (Carina, Draco, Leo I, Leo II, Sagittarius, Sculptor and Ursa Minor) illustrate the ability to measure star formation histories given a variety of conditions – numbers of stars, complexity of star formation history and amount of foreground contamination. Significant measurements of ancient >8 Gyr star formation are made in all seven galaxies. Sculptor, Draco and Ursa Minor appear entirely ancient, while the other systems show varying amounts of younger stars.     

南秦岭碧口群岩石组合特征及其构造意义

碧口群是扬子板块西北缘中晚元古代古海沟—岛弧体系的重要组成部分。岩石组合、岩石化学及稀土元素特征研究表明,其下部为蛇绿岩组合,以大洋E型拉斑玄武岩为特征,代表古俯冲杂岩;上部为重力流沉积组合,以火山质碎屑浊积岩及陆源碎屑浊积岩为特征,类似于海沟型复理石组合,代表古海沟堆积。同时构造变形及变质作用特征表明,在蛇绿岩分布区发育有大型韧性剪切带和高压低温变质的蓝闪片岩。由此可见碧口群属于中晚元古代扬子板块西北缘的古海沟—俯冲地体。