陕南凤凰岭南缘变质镁铁质—超镁铁质侵入岩矿物学特征——对Fe-Ti 成矿作用的指示

陕南凤凰岭南缘变质镁铁质—超镁铁质侵入岩为富含Fe、Ti等有用元素的含矿岩体。利用岩石地球化学方法、偏光显微镜和电子探针技术对该区镁铁质—超镁铁质侵入岩的岩石学、地球化学和矿物学特征进行了研究,并对Fe-Ti氧化物的形成、富集进行了初步探讨,对成岩、成矿作用具有一定的参考意义。结果表明,成矿镁铁质—超镁铁质侵入岩与非成矿镁铁质—超镁铁质侵入岩为不同岩浆源区、同期岩浆作用的产物,镁铁质—超镁铁质侵入岩类的Fe-Ti矿化作用与初始岩浆的源岩之间具有密切关系。Fe-Ti氧化物主要以钛铁矿和榍石的形式存在,局部见少量金红石。化学成分上,钛铁矿具富锰贫镁特征,本区Fe-Ti氧化物的形成和富集过程经历了岩浆结晶分异阶段和热液蚀变阶段。     

民国时期的地质矿产类博物馆

综述民国时期各种类别的地质矿产博物馆,并对其进行简要评说。地质科研机构附设的地质馆、大学的地质标本陈列室、专类地质陈列馆、综合性博物馆中的地质馆以及临时性的地质展览会。在各类地质矿产陈列馆中,由科研机构附设的地质馆占有极其重要的地位和分量。各种类别地质馆共同构成的民国时期地质矿产类博物馆体系,为博物馆史研究者提供了较为详实的参考资料。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000307

The Polar Urals region of northern Russia is well known for large chromium (Cr)-bearing massifs with major chromite orebodies, including the Centralnoye I deposit in the Ray-Iz ultramafic massif of the Ural ophiolite belt. New data on platinum (Pt)-group elements (PGE), geochemistry and mineralogy of the host dunite shows that the deposit has anomalous iridium (Ir) values. These values indicate the predominance of ruthenium–osmium–iridium (Ru–Os–Ir)-bearing phases among the platinum-group mineral (PGM) assemblage that is typical of mantle-hosted chromite ores. Low Pt values in chromites and increased Pt values in host dunites might reflect the presence of cumulus PGM grains. The most abundant PGM found in the chromite is erlichmanite (up to 15 μm). Less common are cuproiridsite (up to 5 μm), irarsite (up to 4–5 μm), and laurite (up to 4 μm). The predominant sulfide is heazlewoodite, in intergrowth with Ni–Fe alloys, sporadically with pentlandite, and rarely with pure nickel. Based on the average PGE values and estimated Cr-ore resources, the Centralnoye I deposit can be considered as an important resource of PGE.     

Physical and thermal treatment of phosphate ores — An overview

The annual consumption of phosphate rock approached 150 million tons. The marketable phosphate is usually 30% P₂O₅ or higher. The run-of-mine material is mostly of lower grade which needs processing or upgrading. The processing techniques of phosphate ores depend mostly on the type of associated gangue minerals present in the mined rock. In some cases, simple, inexpensive techniques are enough to produce the required grade. For example, crushing and screening is used to get rid of the coarse hard siliceous material, and attrition scrubbing and desliming is used to remove the clayey fine fraction. If silica is the main gangue material, single-stage or double-stage flotation is the conventional mineral processing technique used in this case. If the ore is igneous carbonatitic alkaline or ultra basic phosphate deposit, crushing, grinding, scrubbing, and flotation associated with other steps such as magnetic and/or gravity separation is proved to be successful in upgrading this type of ore. The sedimentary phosphate ores having carbonate-apatite as the main phosphate minerals and containing carbonates (calcite and/or dolomite) represent a challenge in the field of phosphate concentration due to similarity in the physico-chemical properties of surfaces of the ore constituents. Also, if considerable amount of organic matter constitutes the main gangue material, upgrading of the ore becomes difficult. New flotation systems (techniques and reagents) are being developed to treat these challenging phosphate ores. Furthermore, calcination is another solution for upgrading these difficult-to-treat types of ores. However, calcination is indicted with some controversial drawbacks. This overview discusses and summarizes the State-of-the-Art and the existing efforts to overcome these problems and to produce a high-grade phosphate product suitable for fertilizers and other phosphate compounds.     

春季东海溶存氧化亚氮的分布和海气交换通量

于2011年5至6月在东海采集不同深度海水样品,研究了其中溶存氧化亚氮(N2O)的分布并估算其海-气交换通量。结果表明,春季东海表层海水中溶存N2O浓度范围为6.31~11.88 nmol/L,平均值为(9.13±1.45)nmol/L;底层海水中N2O浓度范围为7.53~39.75 nmol/L,平均值为(13.71±7.76)nmol/L。随着深度的增加,N2O浓度逐渐升高。温度是影响春季东海N2O分布的主要因素,N2O浓度与温度呈负相关关系。长江冲淡水和黑潮水是东海N2O的重要来源。东海表层海水中N2O的饱和度范围为92.5%~139.3%,平均值为118.5%±10.3%,绝大多数站位都处于过饱和状态,因此,春季东海是大气N2O的净源。利用LM86公式和W92公式求得东海的海-气交换通量分别为(4.96±6.12)μmol/(m2·d)和(10.25±17.18)μmol/(m2·d),初步估算出东海年释放N2O通量约为0.061~0.127 Tg/a,占全球海洋释放总量的2.0%,远高于其所占的面积比0.2%。     

Provenance of Cretaceous clastics in the Subhercynian Basin: constraints to exhumation of the Harz Mountains and timing of inversion tectonics in Central Europe

The Harz Mountains and the adjacent Subhercynian Cretaceous Basin figure as the most prominent surface representative for Late Cretaceous inversion structures in Central Europe. Facies, depositional architecture and provenance of the basin fill reflect mechanisms and timing of the exhumation of the Harz. From Hauterivian to Early Santonian there is no evidence for detrital input from the nearby Harz area. Sediments are mature quartzarenites derived from Paleozoic basement rocks and/or recycled Permian to Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. This situation changed drastically in Middle to Late Santonian when freshly exhumed and eroded Mesozoic sedimentary cover rocks of the Harz were delivered into the basin. Feldspar and lithoclasts reflect erosion of Triassic and, in places, Jurassic to Turonian strata. Apatite and garnet in heavy mineral spectra are derived from largely unweathered Lower Triassic Buntsandstein as indicated by apatite and garnet chemistry. In Early Campanian, Paleozoic lithoclasts indicate erosion cutting down into the basement of the Harz. Simultaneous strong decrease of feldspar, garnet and apatite suggest an almost complete removal of the 2–3 km thick Mesozoic cover of the Harz within only 2–4 Myr. This translates into an exhumation rate of approximately 1 mm/a consistent with apatite fission track data from granitoid rocks of the Harz Mountains.     

钱塘江下游河段潮流和沉积特征

钱塘江下游河段水文泥沙测量、有孔虫和重矿物组合等的分析表明,涨潮流可以将海区沉积物向河口及其上游方向搬运,这为解释冰后期海进河床充填层序提供了对比依据。钱塘江河口沙坎主要物质来自长江和钱塘江。     

四川牦牛坪外围龙家沟稀土矿体第一阶段找矿突破及启示

围绕加强国内稀土资源勘探和增储上产的迫切需求,笔者在综合研究前期地质资料的基础上,对攀西牦牛坪外围龙家沟开展了以稀土找矿为主的多学科交叉综合调查评价工作。经钻探验证,龙家沟ZK001孔深部发育厚大高品位稀土矿体,科研指导找矿取得突破性进展。161件岩芯样品电感耦合等离子体发射光谱分析结果表明：钻孔ZK001总稀土氧化物（TREO）平均含量达4.87%,见矿视厚度125.76 m,核心部位高品位矿段超过60%。牦牛坪外围龙家沟厚大隐伏稀土矿体的发现与钻探验证,扩大了牦牛坪稀土矿外围的成矿前景,是科技创新指导找矿突破的又一典型实践。随着冕宁-德昌稀土成矿带成矿机制、精准勘查理论技术难题的突破、交叉学科以及模拟技术的应用,将进一步带动该区稀土找矿工作。今后,有必要持续开展牦牛坪外围稀土矿产综合地质调查工作,大幅提升中国第二大稀土资源基地的资源保障能力,对确保中国稀土资源的绝对优势地位具有重要现实意义。     

鲁中山地北麓黄土-古土壤粘土矿物组成及古环境意义

鲁中山地北麓的黄土沉积是我国东部平原区第四纪冰期-间冰期古环境变化的重要记录。目前,对这套沉积经历的风化成壤过程还没有开展系统的研究,限制了轨道尺度古环境变化信息的挖掘。本文采用X射线衍射分析方法,对鲁中山地北麓黑山剖面末次间冰期以来代表性的黄土L₁和古土壤S₁样品进行了粘土矿物测试分析。结果表明,黑山黄土沉积的粘土矿物组成以伊利石和蛭石（含层间羟基矿物,简称HIM）为主,二者含量在70.9%~82.2%之间,而高岭石、绿泥石和蒙脱石含量相对较少;与冰期黄土L₁相比,间冰期古土壤S₁含有较高的蛭石（+HIM）和高岭石,而伊利石、绿泥石和蒙脱石的含量相对较低,并且伊利石结晶度KI值和绿泥石风化指数（0.47/0.71 nm）显著增高。粘土矿物组合以及伊利石和绿泥石的化学风化特征表明古土壤经历了中等风化成壤作用,指示了暖温带湿润-半湿润的气候环境,夏季风显著增强。末次冰期黄土L₁中含有较多碎屑成因的蛭石（+HIM）,与已有黄土高原末次冰期黄土研究结果对比分析后,排除了鲁中山地北麓黄土与黄土高原黄土一样主要来自西北内陆荒漠区的可能,这进一步支持了鲁中山地北麓黄土主要来源于近源的华北平原各类沉积物的结论。

     

南极普里兹湾主要碎屑矿物特征及物源分析

基于南极普里兹湾海域33个表层碎屑沉积物样品的碎屑矿物学分析,对该区的沉积环境与物质来源进行了分析。结果表明该区碎屑重矿物共17种,石榴子石、普通角闪石和磁铁矿为优势矿物,紫苏辉石和赤铁矿为特征矿物。根据矿物组合分布特征,普里兹湾可划分为4个矿物区:Ⅰ区为石榴子石含量占绝对优势、重矿物含量较高的弗拉姆浅滩矿物区;Ⅱ区为石榴子石、普通角闪石含量较高,磁铁矿为特征矿物的普里兹水道矿物区;Ⅲ区为紫苏辉石含量较突出的四女士浅滩矿物区;Ⅳ区为普通角闪石含量明显突出,石榴子石显著减少的深水陆坡矿物区。通过电子探针测试研究区石榴子石结果表明:碎屑石榴子石含有较高的Fe、Mg和较低的Ca、Mn,属主要来源于高级麻粒岩相副变质岩的A型石榴子石。普里兹湾海域的碎屑矿物分布特征是物质来源、海流系统以及冰川活动等多重因素综合作用的产物。