雅安市雨城区壶穴形态特征

以雅安市雨城区的严桥河和周公河流域的河床壶穴为研究对象,对128处壶穴形态规模与几何参数进行详细测量。运用定量统计方法分析壶穴的分布规模和形态特征。结果表明:周公河流域壶穴大多分布在岸边大石块上,严桥河流域壶穴主要分布于河床的岩坎上;两地壶穴平均分布密度为0.43个/m2,相对其他区域较小,且壶穴的长短轴和平均口径与深度都有相对明显的规律。在平面形态上,壶穴形态多样,周公河以近圆型壶穴最多,占52.5%,严桥河以椭圆型壶穴最多,占63.6%。在垂直剖面形态上,周公河处壶穴90%属于U型,其余为V型;严桥河处壶穴V型和U型分别占52.3%和44.3%,还有3.4%属倒Ω型;两地壶穴都以浅型为主。     

Dynamic link between the level of ductile crustal flow and style of normal faulting of brittle crust

In a rheologically layered crust, compositional layers have an upper, elasto-plastic part and a lower, viscous one. When broken, the upper elastic part undergoes flexure, which is upward for the foot-wall and downward for the hanging wall. As a consequence of bending, stresses will develop locally that can overcome the strength of the plate and, therefore, impose the migration of active fault. In the lower, viscous part of each compositional layer, rocks can potentially flow. Numerical modelling of the behaviour of a crust made up of two compositional layers, during and following extension, shows that flow can take place not only in the lower crust but also, and more importantly, in the lower part of the upper crust. The ability of crustal rocks to flow influences the style and kinematics of rifted regions. When no flow occurs, subsidence will affect the extending areas, both hanging wall and foot-wall will subside with respect to an absolute reference frame such as sea level, and there will be a strict proportionality between extension and thinning. In addition, the downward movement of the fault blocks will decrease the local stresses created in the foot-wall and increase those of the hanging wall, thereby imposing a migration of fault towards the hanging wall. This is the behaviour of extensional settings developed on stabilised crust and which evolved in a passive margin. When flow does take place, middle crustal rocks will move towards the rifting zone causing isostatically driven upward movements that will be superimposed on movements associated with crustal and lithospheric thinning. Consequently, fault blocks will move upwards and the crust will show more extension than thinning. The upward movements will decrease the stresses developed in the hanging walls and increase those of the foot-wall. Faults will then migrate towards the foot-wall. Such a mode of deformation is expected in regions with thickened crust and has its most apparent expression in core complexes.     

中国天竺鲷属鱼类的矢耳石形态特征

利用采自我国近海的105尾标本,分析了细条天竺鲷、宽条天竺鲷、黑鳃天竺鲷、黑边天竺鲷、垂带天竺鲷、四线天竺鲷、半线天竺鲷、斑鳍天竺鲷等8种天竺鲷属鱼类的矢耳石形态特征。8种鱼类矢耳石前部均较尖,后部略圆钝,背部呈折线状,腹部呈圆弧形,背部中央有缺刻,听沟宽阔;8种鱼耳石长宽比的比值为1.35~1.63,矩形趋近率为0.67~0.77,充实度为14.77~24.99。以上述三种形态学参数为基础进行聚类分析,可将8种鱼类分为3组:细条天竺鲷、宽条天竺鲷、黑边天竺鲷、黑鳃天竺鲷为一组;垂带天竺鲷、四线天竺鲷、半线天竺鲷为一组;斑鳍天竺鲷为一组。耳石听沟边缘走向、宽度以及耳石外部边缘光滑度等轮廓特征在8种天竺鲷属鱼类间呈显著的种间差异。以这些形态特征为基础,编制了8种天竺鲷属鱼类的检索表,检索表表现的种间分类关系特征与聚类分析结果基本一致。     

南极测绘中小像幅航片的区域网平差

本文介绍了用日产 Bronika SQ- A1 2 0型非量测相机对东南极拉斯曼丘陵 1 :40 0 0 0摄影比例尺小像幅航片进行加密的情况。通过用武汉测绘科技大学研制的联合平差程序 Wu CAPS软件的带附加参数的光束法区域网平差获得了实地上平面± 2 .82 9m,高程± 4.973 m的加密精度。文中还分析了若干精度问题 ,所得结论对今后的进一步研究将有所裨益     

基于能源消费的中国不同产业空间的碳足迹分析

Using energy consumption and land use data of each region of China in 2007,this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint model based on energy consumption,and estimated the carbon emission amount of fossil energy and rural biomass energy of dif-ferent regions of China in 2007.Through matching the energy consumption items with indus-trial spaces,this paper divided industrial spaces into five types:agricultural space,living & industrial-commercial space,transportation industrial space,fishery and water conservancy space,and other industrial space.Then the author analyzed the carbon emission intensity and carbon footprint of each industrial space.Finally,advices of decreasing industrial carbon footprint and optimizing industrial space pattern were put forward.The main conclusions are as following:(1) Total amount of carbon emission from energy consumption of China in 2007 was about 1.65 GtC,in which the proportion of carbon emission from fossil energy was 89%.(2) Carbon emission intensity of industrial space of China in 2007 was 1.98 t/hm2,in which,carbon emission intensity of living & industrial-commercial space and of transportation in-dustrial space was 55.16 t/hm2 and 49.65 t/hm2 respectively,they were high-carbon-emission industrial spaces among others.(3) Carbon footprint caused by industrial activities of China in 2007 was 522.34 106 hm2,which brought about ecological deficit of 28.69 106 hm2,which means that the productive lands were not sufficient to compensate for carbon footprint of industrial activities,and the compensating rate was 94.5%.As to the regional carbon footprint,several regions have ecological profit while others have not.In general,the present ecologi-cal deficit caused by industrial activities was small in 2007.(4) Per unit area carbon footprint of industrial space in China was about 0.63 hm2/hm2 in 2007,in which that of living & indus-trial-commercial space was the highest (17.5 hm2/hm2).The per unit area carbon footprint of different industrial spaces all presented a declining trend from east to west of China.     

松南十屋断陷深层油气成藏条件与模式研究

十屋断陷是断坳叠置的复合盆地,充填了巨厚的断陷地层。其深部地层包括登娄库组、营城组、沙河子组以及火石岭组。在十屋断陷深部沉积了沙河子组-营城组和登娄库组两套烃源岩和良好的储盖层组合;由于断陷构造运动,形成大量的断裂构造和不整合面,构成了油气运移的有效通道,同时还形成有效断裂、断鼻构造圈闭以及不整合圈闭。综合分析认为,十屋断陷深部具有有利油气成藏生储盖组合。主要有下生上储式、自生自储式和上生下储式三种成藏模式。     

论地域生存空间的认知与建构

生存空间是指人类或其中某一群体能够控制、利用和管理的由物质和环境构成的地表空间范畴。认知与建构空间并对其进行有效组织一直是人类社会矢志不渝的行动,基本目的是通过对生存空间的不断再造实现某种人类价值的彰显。生态文明既是一种意识也是一种行动,探索空间与行为的双约束机制是促进人类发展生态文明转向的必然选择。本文从空间的工具价值与系统功能切入,阐述空间的工具价值特质、空间的系统功能与建构的基本价值取向;解析生存空间的经济社会属性,以及空间约束的自然价值内核;提出人类利用生存空间所应遵循的空间公正、行为公益、社会公平的三大永恒原则。     

批判实在论在城市空间研究中的应用

批判实在论是一种有关社会科学的哲学理论,它从浅显易懂的本体论出发,抨击了传统科学研究中背离客观实在的种种理想主义倾向,如对“规律性”的迷信、对计量分析方法的过分依赖等。在上世纪80年代批判实在论被引入到西方城市空间研究中、发展为一种新的研究范式,该范式在对传统空间分析研究的批判基础上强调对空间现象的因果机制的阐释,提出了有关因果机制的概念框架,认为只有透过错综复杂的因果关系去把握决定事物的深层结构和机制,才能避免传统研究中常出现的“混乱归因”现象,为此发展了具体研究和抽象研究、深入研究和广泛研究相结合的研究方法,并将其应用于城市空间研究实践中。本研究对批判实在论范式的产生背景和哲学基础等进行了分析,介绍了其理论脉络、方法论和研究实践,并对该范式进行了评价。     

面向日常活动与环境供需矛盾的城市韧性综合评估及空间特征研究—以南京为例

随着环境变化加剧、技术进步扩散、城市化生活转向等因素的交织叠加,日常活动空间的供需过程需要并可以更具韧性,但既有研究鲜有涉及。因而,聚焦中国社会经济发展主要矛盾,挖掘面向城市居民日常活动与环境供需矛盾的城市韧性内涵,建构有机整合的理论框架和评估指标体系,并以南京市中心城区为例,依托地理大数据支撑,进行日常活动-环境系统的韧性评估及空间特征研究。主要结论：① 韧性要素在活动与环境间以及数量与质量之间的供需结构失调,且供需不均衡和不充足的问题同时存在并相互制约。② 活动韧性、环境韧性各自的空间分异显著且供需水平及相互匹配程度较低,导致系统韧性呈现低水平蔓延的空间形态。③ 活动韧性、环境韧性及系统韧性之间的空间支撑或匹配作用没有充分发挥,导致日常活动空间的供需关系分异较大且缺少连续良性的空间互动。基于此,应根据韧性演进阶段,促进日常活动空间供需网络的整体动态协同优化。