山西交城断裂带西张探槽全新世古地震研究

西张探槽①位于山西太原市西北10km,沿交城断裂带北段NNW方向高4.6m的低陡坎前缘开挖。探槽长108m,宽8m,深10m,揭露18层地层。探槽上部地层为亚砂土,探槽内断层下降盘的上部地层为一套砾石层,下部地层为一套褐色垆土与亚砂土互层,断层的上升盘地层以亚砂土为主夹砾石层。探槽揭露出3条断面,断面的上断点距地表1.5m,断错的最新地层距今(3.74±0.06)ka。探槽揭示出断面、地层断错、崩积楔、地层倾斜等现象。由探槽揭露出的地层与断层的关系可知早全新世以来交城断裂带曾发生3次断层活动事件,其时间分别为距今(3.74±0.06)～(3.06±0.26)ka、(8.35±0.09)～(3.74±0.06)ka与(10.66±0.85)～(8.35±0.09)ka,具有2.6～3.6ka的强震重复间隔;3次同事件最小垂直位移分别为3.0m、2.5m及3.2m。西张探槽的意义在于揭示了历史上未有强震记载的晋中盆地几千年前有过多次强震活动。西张探槽获得的交城断裂带全新世古地震活动的依据,对评价太原市未来的强震危险性具有重要意义     

西南天山阔克萨彦岭巴雷公镁铁质岩石的地球化学特征、LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄及其大地构造意义

巴雷公镁铁—超镁铁质岩套出露于南天山阔克萨彦岭地区,本文对其中的镁铁质岩石进行了详细的地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。岩石学和地球化学特征表明：巴雷公镁铁质岩石主要为洋岛拉斑岩石系列,P2O5 (0.33%~0.75%)、TiO2 (2.49%~370%)、TFe2O3 (12.69%~15.63%)含量高,富集轻稀土,LREE/HREE分异明显,(La /Yb)N介于3.66~6.54之间。 Cr (28.93×10-6~123.99×10-6)、Co (44.04×10-6~52.40×10-6)和Ni (25.61×10-6~63.04×10-6)含量低,且Ni、Cr与MgO呈正相关关系指示其母岩浆在岩浆房中或上升途中经受了橄榄石和尖晶石分离结晶作用。Zr/Nb(7.06~7.99) 和Zr/Hf (35.98~37.53) 比值低,推测其可能来自于含石榴子石的富集地幔的深部熔融。Zr/Y—Nb/Y和Nb/Th—Zr/Nb图解显示,其源区具有EM1—EM2型地幔端元组分混入,可能主要有再循环的发生了交代熔融作用的深部大洋岩石圈的参与。锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb定年结果表明,巴雷公洋岛火山岩的结晶年龄为450±2Ma。结合新获得的该岩套夹层灰岩中的牙行刺化石资料,指示该岩体在早石炭世以后成为蛇绿混杂岩的一部分。综合区域年代学和地球化学研究资料,推测南天山古洋盆在晚奥陶世—早志留世期间已演化成为成熟的多岛洋盆。     

大柳树坝址区平硐断层的最新活动时代研究

通过重新采集大柳树坝址区主要平硐断层的断层物质,采用ESR测年方法,经过严格的实验室测试程序,给出了这些断层物质年代测试结果,得出这些断层晚更新世以来没有活动,均不属活动断层。     

Research achievements of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on 60 years of aeromagnetic surveys

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (also referred to as the Plateau) has long received much attention from the community of geoscience due to its unique geographical location and rich mineral resources. This paper reviews the aeromagnetic surveys in the Plateau in the past 60 years and summarizes relevant research achievements, which mainly include the followings. (1) The boundaries between the Plateau and its surrounding regions have been clarified. In detail, its western boundary is restricted by West Kunlun-Altyn Tagh arc-shaped magnetic anomaly zone forming due to the arc-shaped connection of the Altyn Tagh and Kangxiwa faults and its eastern boundary consists of the boundaries among different magnetic fields along the Longnan (Wudu)-Kangding Fault. Meanwhile, the fault on the northern margin of the Northern Qilian Mountains serves as its northern boundary. (2) The Plateau is mainly composed of four orogens that were stitched together, namely East Kunlun-Qilian, Hoh-Xil-Songpan, Chamdo-Southwestern Sanjiang (Nujiang, Lancang, and Jinsha rivers in southeastern China), and Gangdese-Himalaya orogens. (3) The basement of the Plateau is dominated by weakly magnetic Proterozoic metamorphic rocks and lacks strongly magnetic Archean crystalline basement of stable continents such as the Tarim and Sichuan blocks. Therefore, it exhibits the characteristics of unstable orogenic basement. (4) The Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone forming due to continent-continent collisions since the Cenozoic shows double aeromagnetic anomaly zones. Therefore, it can be inferred that the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone formed from the Indian Plate subducting towards and colliding with the Eurasian Plate twice. (5) A huge negative aeromagnetic anomaly in nearly SN trending has been discovered in the middle part of the Plateau, indicating a giant deep thermal-tectonic zone. (6) A dual-layer magnetic structure has been revealed in the Plateau. It consists of shallow magnetic anomaly zones in nearly EW and NW trending and deep magnetic anomaly zones in nearly SN trending. They overlap vertically and cross horizontally, showing the flyover-type geological structure of the Plateau. (7) A group of NW-trending faults occur in eastern Tibet, which is intersected rather than connected by the nearly EW trending that develop in middle-west Tibet. (8) As for the central uplift zone that occurs through the Qiangtang Basin, its metamorphic basement tends to gradually descend from west to east, showing the form of steps. The Qiangtang Basin is divided into the northern and southern part by the central uplift zone in it. The basement in the Qiangtang Basin is deep in the north and west and shallow in the south and west. The basement in the northern Qiangtang Basin is deep and relatively stable and thus is more favorable for the generation and preservation of oil and gas. Up to now, 19 favorable tectonic regions of oil and gas have been determined in the Qiangtang Basin. (9) A total of 21 prospecting areas of mineral resources have been delineated and thousands of ore-bearing (or mineralization) anomalies have been discovered. Additionally, the formation and uplift mechanism of the Plateau are briefly discussed in this paper.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

中国西南典型地质背景区土壤重金属分布及生态风险特征

中国西南有22.3％的耕地重金属含量超标,区内广泛分布的峨眉山玄武岩和碳酸盐岩被认为是土壤中重金属的主要母质来源.目前,中国西南地区,尤其是峨眉山玄武岩分布区土壤重金属生态风险的研究程度仍有待提升,不同地质背景区(成土母岩)土壤中重金属含量、空间分布与生态风险缺乏对比.本文选择四川省典型地质背景区采集土壤样品,采用原子...     

海原断裂干盐池拉分盆地中央断层的形成机制探讨

拉分盆地内部的"对角线式中央断层",不仅在拉分盆地的消亡过程中发挥着重要作用,还对大地震的发生具有重要控制作用,研究其形成演化具有重要的意义.然而,与拉分盆地相比,专门针对中央断层的研究较少,制约了人们对拉分盆地乃至走滑断裂带构造演化过程的理解.文中以海原断裂带中段的干盐池拉分盆地为例,对盆地内的中央断层开展了地质地貌...     

Late quaternary seismic stratigraphy and active faults of the Gulf of İzmit (NE Marmara Sea)

The Upper Quaternary seismic stratigraphy and active faults of the Gulf of İzmit were investigated by means of high-resolution shallow seismic profiling data in the source region of 1999 İzmit earthquake. High-resolution seismic reflection data correlated with borehole data indicate that the stratigraphy of İzmit Bay consists of three distinct depositional sequences formed in response to middle Pleistocene-Holocene sea-level changes. Reflector R, separating the pre-Holocene sequences (1 and 2) from the Holocene sequence (3), represents an erosional unconformity produced by the subaerial fluvial erosion of the continental shelves at the time of the last glacial maximum. Occasional, anomalous reflections (acoustic turbidity) observed within the Holocene sequence are interpreted as gas accumulations. The maximum thickness of the Holocene sediments is found to be about 25 m. The isopach map of Holocene sediment implies that the thickness of the Holocene decreases from the east towards the central and western basins of İzmit Bay. Two distinct fault systems are interpreted in İzmit Bay. The main fault system extending roughly in an E-W direction along the Gulf of İzmit is an active right lateral strike slip fault with a normal component. The secondary faults are normal faults striking in different directions and these are identified as being both active and inactive. In addition, prominent compressive features are identified in the seismic cross-sections of some profiles acquired to the east of Hersek Peninsula where the focal mechanisms of the aftershocks of the 1999 İzmit earthquake also reveal predominantly reverse faulting mechanisms, as identified by a local dense seismic network.     

北部湾盆地海中凹陷油气成藏条件分析

海中凹陷位于北部湾盆地西南部,其勘探程度低,对油气成藏条件欠缺系统的认识和深入的研究。以含油气系统理论为指导,在简要介绍地层与构造特征的基础上,重点论述了烃源岩、储集层、圈闭及输导介质等油气系统的基本要素,认为海中凹陷发育多套烃源岩、多套储集层、多种类型圈闭和复合的输导介质,具备油气系统形成的基本条件,具有较为广阔的油气勘探前景。     

Composition of plagioclases in volcanic rocks of King George Island, Antarctica with reference to the petrogenetic significance

Plagioclases occur mainly as phenocrysts in volcanic rocks of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica. In basaltic andesites and andesites of Keller Peninsula and Ullman Spur (Admiralty Bay), they are high structure state labradorite-andesines; and in high-A1 basalts and basaltic andesites of Barton and Weaver peninsulas (Maxwell Bay), they are high structure state bytownite-anorthites.∑REE, La/Yb ratios and δEu values of plagioclases from Admiralty Bay are higher than those from Maxwell Bay. All plagioclases have rather identical chondritenormalized transitional element distribution patterns, probably reflecting that crystal structure rather than composition of plagioclase controls their diversity. Compositions of plagioclases depend chiefly on those of their host rocks, compositional differences of plagioclases reveal that basaltic magmas in the Admiralty Bay area are more evolved than in the Maxwell Bay area.     

Formation control of multiple underwater vehicles subject to communication faults and uncertainties

This paper proposes a novel approach to analyze and design the formation keeping control protocols for multiple underwater vehicles in the presence of communication faults and possible uncertainties. First, we formulate the considered vehicle model as the Port-controlled Hamiltonian form, and introduce the spring-damping system based formation control. Next, the dynamics of multiple underwater vehicles under uncertain relative information is reformulated as a network of Lur’e systems. Moreover, the agents under unknown disturbances generated by an external system are considered, where the internal model is applied to tackle the uncertainties, which still can be regulated as the Lur’e systems. In each case, the formation control is derived from solving LMI problems. Finally, a numerical example is introduced to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical approach.