利用黄土剖面的古土壤年龄研究毛毛山断裂的滑动速率

利用１４Ｃ、热释光（ＴＬ）样品年代及扩散方程计算结果，结合区域黄土剖面中古土壤年龄，对毛毛山地区晚第四纪各级地貌年龄进行了对比研究。根据毛毛山活动断裂水平位移和垂直位移分布明显的分组特征，求得毛毛山断裂带不同段落不同时段的平均滑动速率。大约自中更新世晚期以来，毛毛山断裂走滑段的平均水平滑动速率为２．３～３．９ｍｍ／ａ，垂直滑动速率为０．０７～０．１９ｍｍ／ａ；天祝盆地倾滑段垂直滑动速率为０．１１～０．８６ｍｍ／ａ。沿断裂带滑动速率具明显的非均匀性特点，表现为自东向西水平位移具累积滑动亏损特征，垂直位移则具补偿性     

九甸峡工程区断层测年结果研究与讨论

断层的年代测定是研究断层活动性的重要内容之一。然而, 一个工程同一条断层会出现不同的测年结果, 从而引起争议和难予决断。近年来我们通过几个大型工程区域稳定性研究, 对此获得了一些认识。本文以洮河九甸峡地区几条主干断层为研究对象, 采用同位素年龄测定与野外地质调查和显微构造分析相结合的方法, 对断层测年问题作一分析和讨论, 也许对岩土工程断层活动性研究有一定参考价值。     

沉积盆地流体—岩石相互作用研究的现状

沉积盆地流体－岩石相互作用研究主要是通过实验地球化学和岩石学，地球化学模拟方法开展的，综述了这一领域的研究现状，主要包括有机酸来源和分布及期 对矿物稳定性的影响，地层水成因与演化、烃类与岩石间的氧化还原反应、以及储层润湿性的变化等，并展望了其 发展趋势。     

剪切带的流体－岩石相互作用

作为大陆岩石圈中的应变局部化带，剪切带中一般都渗透着大量流体。流体的来源与剪切带所处的构造背景、流变域和水文条件有关，而剪切带中流体的流动则受岩石的渗透率、孔隙度、孔隙性质、流体的扩散和渗透能力、环境的温压条件、应力或载荷的梯度等因素所制约。剪切带中流体的成分、通量及赋存状态或流动方式，直接影响着岩石的流变。由应变局部化及力学失稳所引起的化学不平衡和由流体与岩石的相互作用，使剪切带岩石的矿物成分和化学成分发生调整，其变异程度取决于原岩的性质、剪切的温压条件和流体的成分及通量等。由于流体的渗透流动和流体与岩石的相互作用使剪切带的体积有所变化，体积变化过程是一种自组织行为。较大的体积亏损，意味着剪切带中渗透过大量的流体，这对剪切带的流变行为、化学行为和成矿作用都有深刻的影响。     

地震CT及其地质解释

在金川公司龙首矿东采区1 280中段井下500m深的巷道中应用地震CT技术进行寻找深部隐伏矿体的实验。波速图像表明,研究区内中西部有一高速异常区,推断为花岗岩体和含矿的超基性侵入岩体。区内还有一个横贯测区中央近东西走向的低速断裂带。这些推断结果为后期的钻探和巷道开掘所证明。     

流体地质作用的构造效应

许多事实证明，在地壳及地球深部存在着大量的流体，它们以气体、液体、熔融体等形式存在于地球内部不同深度处。这些流体的活动在地壳及岩石圈运动演化过程中扮演着十分重要的角色，其作用贯穿于地壳与岩石圈运动演化的全过程，地球表面形成的各种构造与流体作用的参与有着密切的联系。     

Prediction of volumes and risk in hydrocarbon exploration: a quantification of geology

 The prediction of the hydrocarbon potential of a specific trap or of a number of specific traps (venture), referred to herein as prospect appraisal, concerns a probabilistic exercise based on the quantification of geology in terms of structural closure, reservoir quality, hydrocarbon charge, and the retention potential of the seal. Its objectives include: (a) prediction of the hydrocarbon volumes that could be present in the trap from an analysis of its geologic attributes; (b) the amount of uncertainty introduced in the volumetric prediction by the uncertainties in the subsurface geology; (c) the risk that one or more of the essential attributes of the prospect are underdeveloped and recoverable reserves are absent. The uncertainty of the geologic input requires a probabilistic approach, for which the Monte Carlo procedure is well suited. Prospect appraisal forms the basis for decision-making in oil exploration and development and, therefore, should be reliable, consistent, and auditable. This requires the use of a consistent methodology, the development of reliable models to quantify the geologic processes involved, and the collection of comprehensive and relational databases for the many geologic variables. As a result of data availability, uncertainty and risk tend to increase strongly from mature, producing basins to areas of frontier exploration. This may complicate management of exploration portfolios. Received: 1 July 1996/Accepted: 25 November 1996     

Soil-structure interaction analysis of the Hualien containment model

This paper presents results from forced vibration tests, microtremor observations and earthquake response analysis of a nuclear reactor containment model constructed on stiff soil in Hualien, Taiwan. The dynamic behavior of the soil-structure system is simulated successfully with two numerical models: a sway-rocking model, whose soil parameters are evaluated on the basis of the continuum formulation method, and a finite element model, using the program SASSI with the flexible volume substructuring approach. The dependences of the soil parameters of both models on the amplitudes of the different dynamic excitations are investigated in detail. An original numerical simulation of microtremor is performed. Comparison with results of a previous study involving a rigid tower on a soft soil site in Chiba, Japan is offered.     

Barotropic local instability and severe storm process

By means of barotropic model, the characteristic and initial value problems are investigated to reveal the local two-dimensional barotropic instability of the nonuniform current to the dynamic mechanism of the formation of the Yangtze-Huaihe River severe storm in July 1991. Analytical theory and numerical experiment show that (i) the unstable developing modes are chiefly the two periods of about 44 d and 10 d, which are fundamentally consistent with that of the precipitation change of the Yangtze-Huaihe River. (ii) The growth rate of the local perturbation is dominated by the meridional wave numbern = 1–5 and zonal wave numberk = 1–12, i.e. the severe storm over the Yangtze-Huaihe River results from the interaction of the systems at different latitudes and waves of different scales, (iii) The perturbation over the Yangtze-Huaihe River possesses the property of local intensification, which slowly migrates westward over the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze-Huaihe River. (iv) The growth rate of the instability, especially the propagation velocity of the perturbation, is sensitive to the external parameters ū and α. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Prediction of the measured response of a scaled soil-pile-superstructure system

The validity of the Winkler foundation model is investigated by predicting the experimentally measured displacement transfer functions and strain spectra of a single pile embedded in a sandbox and supporting a single-degree-of-freedom superstructure. The foundation-superstructure system is a scale model and was subjected to shake table excitations. The distributed springs and dashpots of the Winkler foundation model are frequency dependent and the calibrated model predicts satisfactorily the displacement transfer function at different depths for both fixed- and free-tip pile conditions. On the other hand, the pile-axial-strains are substantially underestimated when expressed in terms of the second derivative of the computed elastic line of the pile. It is shown that a much more dependable prediction is achieved when pile-axial-strains are expressed in terms of the inertial forces acting along the pile-superstructure system.