黄县弧形断裂探测、活动性鉴定及其地震地质意义

本文通过地质雷达探测、工程探测、地震地质调查、断裂断错和上覆第四纪地层年代测试等,确定了黄县弧形断裂的空间分布、运动性质、活动时代、垂直位移和滑动速率,鉴定了断裂的活动性,取得了一些有价值的成果。这些成果已在胶东北部沿海地区工程项目场地地震安全性评价工作、山东内陆部分潜在震源区划分与调整、山东省地震重点监视防御区判定研究中得到应用。本文的研究思路和方法对其它活动断层探测和断裂活动性鉴定有借鉴意义。     

华北地区震前断层异常活动方式

分析了华北地区跨断层形变资料, 研究了唐山、 大同及张北地震前断层异常活动方式。 结果表明, 震前存在显著的断层异常活动; 断层异常活动方式具有构造控制特征,并与孕震机理有关; 地震孕育过程中有可能出现多次应力集中; 从断层不可逆异常活动地区的分布推测, 唐山地震缓解了延怀地区的地震危险性, 大同地震缓解了紫荆关-狼山断层一线的地震危险性; 张北地震断层异常活动呈松弛变化, 首都圈及邻近地区地震活动将趋于缓解。     

SGR断层封堵性分析及断层圈闭烃柱高度估算 --以中国东部G断块为例

对油气藏中的断层进行封堵或不封堵风险评价的技术中,目前以泥岩断层泥比(SGR)方法最为常用,效果也最好,主要软件有TrapTester5。应用SGR方法对一个具体地区断层的封堵性进行评价,必须用被钻井资料证实了封堵能力的油藏断层对SGR值进行标定。介绍了SGR方法的原理,并以中国东部G断块为例作了烃柱高度估算。运用TrapTester5软件可以对断层封堵性进行定量研究,能降低断层圈闭的勘探风险。     

TR method (TRM): A separation and stress inversion method for heterogeneous fault-slip data driven by Andersonian extensional and compressional stress regimes

The recently proposed TR method (TRM) which uses the slip preference of the faults to separate heterogeneous fault-slip data in extensional and compressional Andersonian stress regimes, is enhanced so as to determine stress tensors with the use of the Wallace–Bott slip criterion. Published natural fault-slip data from the extensional region of Tympaki, Crete, Greece and artificial fault-slip data modeled from the Chelungpu thrust, activated during the 1999 Chi–Chi earthquake in Taiwan, have been used as case studies. In the first case, the fault-slip data previously considered as homogeneous might actually be of heterogeneous origin as they determine two distinct stress tensors that both fit well with the neotectonic faulting deformation of the region. In the second case, where the fault-slip data belonging to three different subsets are of low diversity, the TRM succeeds in defining the driving stress tensors. The Misfit Angle minimization criterion can adequately separate the fault-slip data between two subsets when the percentage of the “Stress Tensor Discriminator Faults” is higher than approximately 70%.     

The Thrace Basin: stratigraphic and tectonic-palaeogeographic evolution of the Palaeogene formations of northwest Turkey

The Palaeogene deposits of the Thrace Basin have evolved over a basement composed of the Rhodope and Sakarya continents, juxtaposed in northwest Turkey. Continental and marine sedimentation began in the early Eocene in the southwest part, in the early-middle Eocene in the central part, and in the late Lutetian in the north-northeast part of the basin. Early Eocene deposition in the southern half of the present Thrace Basin began unconformably over a relict basin consisting of uppermost Cretaceous–Palaeocene pelagic sediments. The initial early-middle Eocene deposition began during the last stage of early Palaeogene transtension and was controlled by the eastern extension (the Central Thrace Strike–Slip Fault Zone) of the Balkan-Thrace dextral fault to the north. Following the northward migration of this faulting, the Thrace Palaeogene Basin evolved towards the north during the late Lutetian. From the late Lutetian to the early Oligocene, transpression caused the formation of finger-shaped, eastward-connected highs and sub-basins. The NW–SE-trending right-lateral strike–slip Strandja Fault Zone began to develop and the Strandja Highland formed as a positive flower structure that controlled the deposition of the middle-upper Eocene alluvial fans in the northern parts of the Thrace Palaeogene Basin. Also, in the southern half of the basin, the upper Eocene–lower Oligocene turbiditic series with debris flows and olistostrome horizons were deposited in sub-basins adjacent to the highs, while shelf deposits were deposited in the northern half and southeast margin of the basin. At least since the early Eocene, a NE-trending magmatic belt formed a barrier along the southeast margin of the basin. From the late Oligocene onwards, the Thrace Palaeogene Basin evolved as an intermontane basin in a compressional tectonic setting.     

Extensional neotectonic regime in West-southwest Konya,Central Anatolia,Turkey

ABSTRACT

In the Central Anatolia, the style of neotectonic regime governing the region has been a controversial issue. A tectonic study was carried out in order to contribute to this issue and better understand the neotectonic stress distribution and style of deformation in the west-southwest of the Konya region. From Middle Miocene to Recent time, Konya region was part of the Central Anatolia extensional province. The present-day topography in the west-southwestern part of Konya is characterized by alternating elongate grabens and horsts trending E-W and NW-SE. The grabens were developed upon low-grade metamorphic rocks of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic ages and ophiolite slabs of possibly Late Cretaceous age. The evolutionary history of grabens is episodic as evidenced by two graben infills; older and younger graben infills separated by an angular unconformity. The older infill consists of fluviolacustrine sequence intercalated with calc-alkaline lavas and pyroclastic rocks. This infill is folded; thrust faulted and Middle Miocene-Early Pliocene in age. The younger and undeformed basin fill comprises mainly of Plio-Quaternary conglomerates, sandstone-mudstone alternations of alluvial fan and recent basin floor deposits. Three major tectonic phases were differentiated based on the detailed mapping, morphological features and kinematic analysis. Approximately N-S trending extension began in the Middle Miocene-Early Pliocene in the region with the formation of E-W and NW-SE-trending grabens. Following NE-SW-directed compression which deformed the older basin fill deposits by folding and thrusting, a second period of ENE-WSW-trending extension began in the late Pliocene and continued to the present. The west-southwestern margin of the Konya depression is bounded by the Konya Fault Zone. It is an oblique-slip normal fault with a minor dextral strike-slip component and exhibits well-preserved fault slickensides and slickenlines. Recent seismicity and fault-related morphological features reveal that the Konya Fault Zone is an active neotectonic structure.     

四川汶川地震断裂带科学钻探2号孔(WFSD-2)岩性特征和断裂带的结构

以WFSD-2钻孔岩心为研究对象,通过详细的岩心编录和岩石学、构造地质学等研究,识别出该钻孔岩心具有6段岩性,从上向下依次为彭灌杂岩(0~599.31m)、三叠系须家河组二段(599.31~1211.49m)、彭灌杂岩(1211.49~1679.51m)、三叠系须家河组三段(1679.51~1715.48m)、彭灌杂岩(1715.48~2081.47m)、三叠系须家河组四段(2081.47~2283.56m)。彭灌杂岩主要以花岗岩和火山岩为主,三叠系须家河组沉积岩以砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、页岩、煤层(线)和砾岩为主。3套彭灌杂岩与三叠系须家河组沉积岩重复出现,时代较老的岩性段逆冲覆盖在新的地层之上,表明龙门山构造带由一系列逆冲岩片叠置而成。岩心中断裂岩较为发育,主要为断层角砾岩、碎裂岩和断层泥,反映出脆性变形作用的特点。通过对断裂岩的统计分析,厘定了20余条产状不同、规模不等的次级断裂带,断裂带宽度和断裂密度峰值显示FZ600、FZ720、FZ782、FZ817、FZ922、FZ951、FZ1449、FZ1681、FZ2082为主要断裂带,其中FZ1681系规模最大的一条断裂。依据断裂岩的组合特征可以将岩心中断裂带的结构以断层泥为核部划分为两大类:对称型断裂带和不对称型断裂带。根据地表破裂带、WFSD-1钻孔岩心中主滑移带位置的几何关系、岩性分层等因素,可推断汶川地震主滑移带应位于FZ1134、FZ1449或FZ1681之中,同时也暗示该地区经常发生类似汶川地震的大地震活动。研究表明,龙门山地区经历了强烈的构造缩短和快速隆升作用,暗示龙门山地区构造活动非常强烈。     

塔中Ⅰ号断裂坡折带及其邻区礁滩体发育的区域构造-沉积背景和古地貌控制作用

塔中Ⅰ号断裂坡折带的区域构造-沉积演化为塔中地区上奥陶统礁滩体的发育提供了基本的沉积背景。经历了加里东期、早海西期及晚海西期三期构造运动,形成三期三种级次的断裂:一级断裂规模较大,主要形成于加里东期,走向北西—南东向;早海西期形成二级断裂,规模相对较小,走向与一级断裂近于垂直;晚海西期形成的三级断裂,规模更小,走向则近于一级断裂。这三期构造运动的应力场方向是来回变化的,强度则逐渐减弱。这种构造运动特征引起了礁滩体发育环境的反复变化,因而形成了多期礁滩体,它们在垂向上出现叠置的现象。古地貌形态对礁滩体的发育具有控制意义,礁滩体主要发育在古地貌高点上,并在横向上形成带状分布。在研究区,以塔中Ⅰ号断裂坡折带中部的礁滩体最为发育,并呈现出多期发育的特点。     

音频大地电磁法对断层分辨能力的正演模拟及其应用

通过几个模型的正演模拟,在分析不同模型正演响应的TM模式Bostick一维反演断面特征的基础上,探讨了点距、点位、第四系低阻层对AMT法定位断层的影响以及AMT法对断层的位置、倾向、倾角、发育深度等特征的分辨能力。研究表明,在点位和点距布设合理的情况下,AMT法对断层倾向、发育平面位置的推断是可靠的。最后,通过AMT法在太行山区找水的应用实例,验证了正演模拟方法的实用性。     

西昆仑山前冲断带断裂特征及构造单元划分

受新生代帕米尔构造结大幅度向北推移、旋转的影响,形成了弧形的西昆仑山前冲断带.本文主要通过野外地质调查、地震反射剖面的精细解释,对西昆仑山前冲断带最基本的组成部分-断裂进行系统研究.西昆仑山前冲断带内以发育与其弧形形态一致的逆冲断裂为主,但弧形冲断带中段的断裂具有挤压逆冲的同时兼有右行走滑性质.冲断带内还发育了NE 向和近EW向的走滑断裂,它们的发育时间和成因不尽相同,它们控制了冲断带内的变形,调节和改造了早期形成的构造.在对断裂系统研究的基础上,结合冲断带各个部位的结构特征和变形时间,将冲断带划分为9个次级构造单元.西昆仑山前冲断带开始发育于中新世中晚期,此后经历了上新世早期、上新世中晚期、早更新世早中期以及早更新世晚期四个演化阶段.