海进体系域碳氧同位素地球化学响应——以黔西南地区三叠系为例

层序地层研究表明,位于扬子地块西南缘的黔西南地区在中三叠世末期(相当于Ladinian-Carnian期)出现了一次与全球同步的大规模海侵,形成了一个向上变深的碳酸盐岩台地淹没沉积层序。垄头组顶部和竹竿坡组分别是海进体系域(TST)的下、上部分。碳、氧同位素研究表明,垄头组顶部自下而上δ(18O)持续增大,而δ(13C)先逐渐增大,后在顶部界面附近快速下降,反映了垄头组顶部在暴露环境下氧化作用的结果。竹竿坡组δ(13C)自下而上逐渐增大,δ(18O)总体呈现逐渐减小趋势,反映了海平面变化特征。研究认为,海进体系域的δ(13C)和δ(18O)演化不但反映了海平面和沉积环境变化,同时对密集段(CS)、层序界面和古暴露面等也有很好的识别作用,在层序地层研究中具有重要的意义。     

The seismic shear of ductile cantilever wall systems in multistorey structures

The distribution of seismic base shear demand among ductile flexural cantilever walls, comprising the lateral load resisting system of a multistorey building, is studied. It is shown that the base shear force demand depends on the sequence of hinge formation at the wall bases, and this in turn depends on the relative wall lengths. Hence, the routine elastic approach in which the shear forces are allocated per relative flexural rigidity or (when some consideration is given to plastic hinge formation) to moment capacity at the wall base, may appreciably underestimate the shear force demand on the walls, particularly the shorter (usually the more flexible) ones. A simple procedure yielding the results of ‘cyclic’ pushover analysis is proposed to predict the peak seismic wall forces for a given total base shear when plastification is confined to the wall base. The effects of plastic hinges developing at higher floors on (1) shear distribution among the walls and (2) the in‐plane floor forces are also considered. Two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the main points made. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ECMWF 850hPa风场对长江流域强降雨预报能力的检验

利用ECMWF850hPa风场模式的24，48，72小时风场预报格点资料和风场实况资料，对1998年6－8月长江流域出现的13次致洪暴雨，大暴雨天气 850hPa风场和500hPa,850hPa上暴雨的影响天气系统进行了预报能力的分析检验，所得结果有利于数值预报产品的释用和实时预报业务的订正使用，以提高暴雨预报能力。     

Quantitative analysis of springs

Growing demand for groundwater resources and stringent environmental concerns has led to large groundwater investigations, including characterization of aquifer systems that are hydraulically connected to springs. A pumping test is one of the most reliable means of quantifying hydraulic characteristics and the response of natural springs to pumping because it yields results that, in general, are representative of a larger area than are results from a single point observation. Recharge to the aquifer sustaining discharge from springs must be evaluated prior to the utilization of springs. The spring hydrograph is analyzed, as the shape of a hydrograph is a reflection of the response of the aquifer to recharge. The form and rate of recession provide significant information on the storage, lithological composition, and structural characteristics of the aquifer system sustaining the spring. Water tracing techniques have been developed and used over a period of centuries to delineate catchment boundaries, estimate groundwater flow velocities, determine areas of recharge, and identify sources of pollution of spring water.     

云开元古宙眼球状花岗岩Sm—Nd和Rb—Sr同位素体系定年及其动力学意义

对云开核部韧性-流变剪切变形眼球状花岗岩石样品进行了全岩Sm-Nd、Rb-Sr同位素年龄测定,获得1414±68Ma的Sm-Nd等时线和490±36Ma的Rb-Sr等时线年龄,它们分别代表这套花岗岩的形成时代和加里东期韧性-流变剪切部分熔融构造热事件发生时间,表明云开地区不仅在加里东期发生造山运动,而且在中元古晚期发生了更为重要的构造—岩浆造山运动,其时代与全球性的格林威尔造山运动时间可以对比。     

中国中西部大型湖盆沉积体系域研究进展及页岩油气勘探*

中国陆相大型湖盆碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩沉积区分布广泛,含油气盆地内新发现了多个油气田,特别是近年来在致密油/页岩油勘探方面获得了突破。根据沉积体系域演化和可容纳空间演变解释层序地层单元,建立层序演化模式,预测油气储集体,适合于研究有成因联系的异旋回地层序列。深水体系的沉积层序体系域研究进展表现为引入强制海退(湖退)的概念,从经典的层序地层学格架三分体系域发展为四分体系域和二分体系域,不同尺度的相对整合序列和体系域分布与命名具有紧密联系。强制海(湖)退条件下形成的下降期体系域(FSST)和强制海(湖)退楔体系域(FRW)有内涵细节上的差异。采用A-P-D(加积-进积-降积)准层序叠加分析方法,分析体系域格架下薄层细粒沉积砂体的沉积搬运机理,提高了体系域识别和油气储集体预测的准确度。柴达木盆地古近系和四川盆地侏罗系研究实例表明,湖侵体系域随湖平面上升,浅湖和半深湖范围扩大,沉积中心地区发育三角洲前缘薄层砂体和深水浊积扇及多旋回泥页岩—泥灰岩组合,有利于页岩油气储集体的发育,成为“甜点”勘探目标区。展望未来,与页岩油气勘探有关的沉积层序体系域领域研究在以下几个方面将取得重要进展: (1)咸化湖盆深水沉积体系的高频旋回体系域研究; (2)与页岩型和混积型页岩油类型相关的湖侵体系域混积体系研究; (3)体系域级别的层序—古地理研究; (4)体系域格架下的源-汇系统及其古湖泊分布特征研究; (5)湖泊古水深、古气候和古环境的地球化学指标分析; (6)富有机质页岩发育的微纳米级孔—缝体系储集能力研究; (7)煤系环境纯湖相泥岩和沼泽相(湖沼或河沼)泥岩对规模天然气生烃贡献率的沉积基础研究。     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷断裂系统及其对油气运聚的控制作用

在系统分析海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷断裂系统及其演化的基础上,研究了断裂演化对油气运聚条件的控制作用.研究表明,贝尔凹陷发育的断裂主要有4种类型:早期伸展断裂、中期张扭断裂、早期伸展中期张扭长期活动断裂和早期伸展中期张扭晚期反转长期活动断裂.可划分出3套断裂系统:早期伸展断裂系统、中期张扭断裂系统和晚期反转断裂系统.断裂的活动...     

循环荷载下加固土体孔压的模糊正交试验分析

针对地铁循环荷载下加固软粘土的孔隙水压力发展规律,对上海地铁4号线宝山-海伦引导段隧道周围的加固软黏土进行室内GDS循环三轴试验。结合重复正交设计法安排试验,借助模糊数学的理论与方法处理试验数据,充分考虑了振动频率（0.5、1.5、2.5 Hz）、动应力幅值（20、30、40 kPa）、固结比（1、1.4、2）以及超固结比（1、1.5、2）对土体孔隙水压力的影响。研究结果表明:振动频率、动应力幅值、固结比及超固结比对加固软黏土孔隙水压力的影响率分别为0.722、15.821、0.944及6.628;这说明影响加固软粘土孔隙水压力变化的主要因素是动应力幅值及超固结比,而固结比和振动频率的影响不显著。     

Effects of climate change on the groundwater system in the Grote-Nete catchment,Belgium

The effects of climate change on the groundwater systems in the Grote-Nete catchment, Belgium, covering an area of 525 km², is modeled using wet (greenhouse), cold or NATCC (North Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation Change) and dry climate scenarios. Low, central and high estimates of temperature changes are adopted for wet scenarios. Seasonal and annual water balance components including groundwater recharge are simulated using the WetSpass model, while mean annual groundwater elevations and discharge are simulated with a steady-state MODFLOW groundwater model. WetSpass results for the wet scenarios show that wet winters and drier summers are expected relative to the present situation. MODFLOW results for wet high scenario show groundwater levels increase by as much as 79 cm, which could affect the distribution and species richness of meadows. Results obtained for cold scenarios depict drier winters and wetter summers relative to the present. The dry scenarios predict dry conditions for the whole year. There is no recharge during the summer, which is mainly attributed to high evapotranspiration rates by forests and low precipitation. Average annual groundwater levels drop by 0.5 m, with maximum of 3.1 m on the eastern part of the Campine Plateau. This could endanger aquatic ecosystem, shrubs, and crop production.