Transient analysis of wave propagation in non‐homogeneous elastic unbounded domains by using the scaled boundary finite‐element method

The scaled boundary finite‐element method has been developed for the dynamic analysis of unbounded domains. In this method only the boundary is discretized resulting in a reduction of the spatial dimension by one. Like the finite‐element method no fundamental solution is required. This paper extends the scaled boundary finite‐element method to simulate the transient response of non‐homogeneous unbounded domains with the elasticity modulus and mass density varying as power functions of spatial coordinates. To reduce the number of degrees of freedom and the computational cost, the technique of reduced set of base functions is applied. The scaled boundary finite‐element equation for an unbounded domain is reformulated in generalized coordinates. The resulting acceleration unit‐impulse response matrix is obtained and assembled with the equation of motion of standard finite elements. Numerical examples of non‐homogeneous isotropic and transversely isotropic unbounded domains demonstrate the accuracy of the scaled boundary finite‐element method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A generalized transformation approach for simulating steady-state variably-saturated subsurface flow

A numerical method is proposed to accurately and efficiently compute a direct steady-state solution of the nonlinear Richards equation. In the proposed method, the Kirchhoff integral transformation and a complementary transformation are applied to the governing equation in order to separate the nonlinear hyperbolic characteristic from the linear parabolic part. The separation allows the transformed governing equation to be applied to partially- to fully-saturated systems with arbitrary constitutive relations between primary (pressure head) and secondary variables (relative permeability). The transformed governing equation is then discretized with control volume finite difference/finite element approximations, followed by inverse transformation. The approach is compared to analytical and other numerical approaches for variably-saturated flow in 1-D and 3-D domains. The results clearly demonstrate that the approach is not only more computationally efficient but also more accurate than traditional numerical solutions. The approach is also applied to an example flow problem involving a regional-scale variably-saturated heterogeneous system, where the vadose zone is up to 1 km thick. The performance, stability, and effectiveness of the transform approach is exemplified for this complex heterogeneous example, which is typical of many problems encountered in the field. It is shown that computational performance can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude with the described integral transformation approach.     

双巷三维并行电法数值及物理模型试验研究

电法勘探是一种以研究地下探测目标体与周围介质之间的电性差异的地球物理探测方法,通常采用的二维电法勘探只能得到一条垂直于测线的视电阻率剖面,如果不能确定测线位置正好在异常体的正上方,这时就难给出较准确的结论。三维电阻率法采集数据量大,可获得三维电性数据体,而且可方便地根据需要实现水平及垂直切片,有着二维电法探测不能比拟的优点,实现对目标体的准确定位及全面透视。通过对构建的三维地质模型体进行数值模拟和物理模拟,表明双巷并行三维电法对地质异常体可以进行有效的探查并获得良好的探测效果。     

花岗岩类土质边坡工程特性及加固方法研究

华南、华东南地区具有厚度可达上百米的花岗岩风化残积层。高等级公路、铁路的规模建设在该地区形成了大量的花岗岩类土质高边坡。深入认识该类边坡的工程特性并提出有效的针对性边坡加固方法,对该地区公路、铁路的安全建设和正常运营具有重要意义。为了更有效指导该类边坡的稳定性分析及边坡设计,本文深入调查分析了广东和广西境内4条高等级公路沿线的44处花岗岩类土质边坡特征及其稳定性,认为控制该类边坡稳定性的因素主要有:土体的均匀性、岩脉(墙)及花岗岩球状硬核的分布情况、坡体中保留的结构面是否对坡体稳定性起控制作用。继而依据这些因素把花岗岩类土质边坡划分为岩脉(墙)隔挡型边坡、网状结构型边坡、外倾结构型边坡、浮石型边坡4种类型。深入分析了每种类型边坡的坡体结构特征、稳定特性,针对性地提出了边坡稳定性分析中应重点考虑的因素。认为花岗岩类土质边坡的土质及坡体结构特征,造成了该类边坡开挖临时自稳性较好,但具有较强的开挖卸荷效应和较弱的抗冲刷能力。最后针对每种类型的花岗岩类土质边坡,提出了相应的设计方案建议。基于花岗岩类土质边坡良好的临时自稳性,认为可进行陡开挖强支护设计,同时强调逐级开挖逐级支护、加强坡面防冲刷、边坡护脚及压顶、边坡截排水等设计建议。     

多目标规划在哈尔滨市地下水资源管理中的应用

建立了哈尔滨市地下水资源优化管理模型 ,将求解多目标最优化问题的约束法和线性加权法相结合 ,给出了一种综合解法 ,并将此法应用于所建立的水资源优化管理模型的求解。其结果可为该地区地下水资源的管理提供有参考价值的科学依据。     

Waxman-Smith方程在生油岩评价中的应用:重叠法和双孔隙度法

提出了两种新的生油岩测井评价方法，即基于砂泥岩导电机理，借助泥质砂岩导电方程：Ｗａｘｍａｎ－Ｓｍｉｔｈ方程计算含水泥岩电阻率Ｒ０值及生油岩的电阻率孔隙度Ｒ．然后用实测Ｒｔ减去Ｒ０值，其差值反映了生油岩的有机质丰度（即重叠法）；用三孔隙度测井计算的生油岩总孔隙度Ｔ，减去电阻率孔隙度Ｒ，其差值也反映了生油岩的有机质丰度（即双孔隙度法）．该方法的最大优点是在现场缺少生油岩实验室分析样品时可以快速评价生油岩的有机质丰度。     

Estimation of monthly reference evapotranspiration using novel hybrid machine learning approaches

ABSTRACT

In this research, five hybrid novel machine learning approaches, artificial neural network (ANN)-embedded grey wolf optimizer (ANN-GWO), multi-verse optimizer (ANN-MVO), particle swarm optimizer (ANN-PSO), whale optimization algorithm (ANN-WOA) and ant lion optimizer (ANN-ALO), were applied for modelling monthly reference evapotranspiration (ET_o) at Ranichauri (India) and Dar El Beida (Algeria) stations. The estimates yielded by hybrid machine learning models were compared against three models, Valiantzas-1, 2 and 3 based on root mean square error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and Willmott index (WI). The results of comparison show that the ANN-GWO-1 model with five input variables (T_min, T_max, RH, U_s, R_s) provides better estimates at both study stations (RMSE = 0.0592/0.0808, NSE = 0.9972/0.9956, PCC = 0.9986/0.9978, and WI = 0.9993/0.9989). Also, the adopted modelling strategy can build a truthful expert intelligent system for estimating the monthly ET_o at study stations.     

测定堆石体密度的附加质量法理论分析研究

附加质量法是一种新兴的堆石体密度检测方法,它具有方便、无损等优点,近年来有较为广泛的应用,但该方法的应用效果会受到震源、雨水、双峰频谱等因素的影响.本文则考虑堆石体系统振动的阻尼因素,以及附加质量块与堆石体之间的非刚性连接,分别基于质弹阻模型以及双自由度-质弹阻模型对这些因素的影响进行了理论分析.结果表明,质弹阻模型可以解释主频随震源频率和雨水而变化的现象;而双自由度-质弹阻模型则可以解释主频随质量块偏移距和触地面积而变化的现象.在此基础上,本文对附加质量法的测试过程提出了几点改进建议.     

督察区域地类图斑自动套合方法

自然资源督察工作中,为确定目标区域是否存在土地利用违法行为,需要利用ArcGIS软件对目标区域和地类图斑数据进行空间计算、汇总统计等套合工作,为督察工作实施提供数据支撑.目前,人工套合存在制作成本高、工作量大、准确性低、数据命名存储格式不一致等问题.为此,本文基于Python实现了地类图斑自动套合的方法,该方法可以自动...     

基于遗传Elman神经网络进行矿区GPS高程拟合

目前,城市、平原地区的似大地水准面建立精度已经达到厘米级,但在矿区进行高程拟合时,由于地面高低起伏没有规则,其似大地水准面的拟合精度并不理想。针对此问题,本文提出利用遗传算法优化Elman神经网络的方法精化似大地水准面,采用移去-恢复法对残差进行建模,使用EGM 2008地球重力场模型和地形起伏信息来精化求解似大地水准面和参考椭球面之间的高程异常,同时着重分析了地球重力场模型以及地形变化信息对高程异常求解的重要性,并使用某矿区实测数据(GPS、水准)对所提方法进行验证,实验结果表明:文中所提方法的精度要优于二次曲面拟合模型和单一Elman模型,其外符合精度达到了1.14 cm,可以代替四等水准测量。