Necessary restructuring or globalization failure? Shifts in regional supplier relations after the merger of the former German Hoechst and French Rhône-Poulenc groups

A large part of the work in economic geography and other social sciences surrounding globalization processes has focused on the prospects of economic growth due to the establishment of global production chains and the rise of new clusters of industrial activity. In recent years, much less attention has been paid to former growth industries and regions that have suffered from the negative consequences of internationalization processes. This paper will explore the cases of two chemical regions, i.e. southern Hessen, Germany and Rhône-Alpes, France. Both regions were forced to undergo drastic restructuring since the mid 1990s due to the merger of the chemical groups Hoechst and Rhône-Poulenc into Aventis. The paper argues that it is beneficial to develop a relational perspective of economic action and interaction in order to better understand these regional transformations and restructuring processes and their consequences. Instead of investigating the development of activities, which became the core operations at Aventis, we will focus on other activities that were considered less important and, consequently, split off. In analyzing the logic of restructuring and the associated changes in regional supplier relations, this paper aims to contribute to a relational understanding of economic globalization and its associated threats to regional development by focusing on agents who are subject to negative restructuring consequences.     

利用多功能裂合酶CpcE/F合成非天然重组藻胆蛋白

藻胆蛋白裂合酶是催化藻胆色素与脱辅基藻胆蛋白亚基共价连接的裂合酶,在藻胆蛋白的生物合成途径中发挥着重要作用。本实验以藻蓝蛋白裂合酶Cpc E/F为研究对象,采用基因工程组合表达技术,构建了pCDFDuet-apcA-cpcE/F-hox1-pebS、pCDFDuet-pecA-cpcE/F-hox1-pebS等重组质粒,并导入大肠杆菌中,在IPTG的诱导下,成功表达得到两种非天然藻胆蛋白ApcA-PEB和PecA-PEB,这表明Cpc E/F不仅可以催化藻蓝胆素和脱辅基藻蓝蛋白的结合,还可以催化藻红胆素(PEB)与别藻蓝蛋白α-亚基(ApcA)和藻红蓝蛋白α-亚基(PecA)的结合,因此是一种多功能的裂合酶。根据重组产物的光谱特征峰分析发现,ApcA-PEB和PecA-PEB作为两种非天然存在的重组藻胆蛋白,具有与对应天然藻胆蛋白有着相近的特征吸收光谱和荧光发射峰,但同时具有明显的波长偏移并伴有色素异化现象,其光谱学性质主要由其所携带的色素基团决定。另外,荧光寿命衰减分析发现,不同脱辅基蛋白对于重组藻胆蛋白的光谱稳定性具有重要的影响。     

兴蒙造山带及华北板块北缘钼矿化——进展、规律、问题与成因初探

兴蒙造山带及其南侧受古亚洲洋南向俯冲所影响的华北板块北缘内各有1条显著的中生代斑岩钼成矿带,并在东西两侧首尾相连。文章综述了伸展环境下的斑岩钼矿床的研究进展,对兴蒙造山带及华北板块北缘内这2条钼成矿带的成矿背景、分布规律、矿床共生组合特点、成矿岩浆的属性、巨量金属和水的来源以及斑岩铜、钼矿化的异同等进行了总结,并从成矿岩浆源区塑造过程的角度初步探讨了巨型钼成矿带的形成特点。这2条钼成矿带在地质特征和区域矿床组合上非常相似,具有相似的启动时间和峰值时间,与区域内的斑岩铜矿化在时代上具有不共生的特点,矿化特征也与美国科罗拉多地区产出的高F型斑岩钼化类似,二者构成了统一的整体。元素地球化学对比研究显示,南、北2条钼成矿带的成矿岩浆与古生代斑岩铜成矿岩浆以及中生代的碱性岩浆均具有相似的特征,为脱水熔融的产物,并与古老陆下岩石圈地幔包体、新生代软流圈地幔玄武岩具有显著的差别。研究认为,南钼矿带的岩浆源区是亏损金属和水的古老岩浆源区在古生代洋片俯冲过程脱水交代改造后的产物,北钼矿带的岩浆源区是古生代洋片俯冲增生形成的富水源区。成(含)矿岩石Sr同位素研究显示,南、北2条钼成矿带成矿源区均启动于Rb/Sr比值较低的源区,受到上部高Rb/Sr比值地壳的混染;Nd同位素特征的对比研究显示,二者初始Nd值差别极大,但是Sm/Nd比值非常相似,显示放射性成因Nd的积累在三叠纪以后是一致的,也说明初始Nd值的差别是成矿源区塑造前所形成和继承的,同时也说明初始Nd值的差异可能掩盖了Mo成矿岩浆形成的真正原因。通过与世界范围内其他典型钼成矿带的对比研究,认为南、北2条钼成矿带成矿的岩浆源区位于陆下岩石圈地幔,古生代期间古亚洲洋向南、北两侧的俯冲在其形成过程中具有重要作用,主要体现在塑造富集型源区、水化造山带和增厚岩石圈等几个方面。俯冲改造、加厚并富集了水和大离子亲石元素的陆下岩石圈获得了地球化学上的不稳定性,在伸展构造环境(可能有多期伸展)驱动下,脱水熔融以达到稳定的趋势,在这个过程中,其化学成分将逐渐与古老陆下岩石圈地幔的化学成分趋于一致。因此,水化的陆下岩石圈地幔在伸展过程中的低程度批式脱水部分熔融,形成的富含金属和水的高分异型岩浆构成了成矿岩浆,并在岩石圈的不同尺度经过多阶段结晶分异-同化混染后,就位成为近矿岩浆房。陆下岩石圈脱水熔融的结束也意味着巨型热液钼矿化作用的结束,并决定了俯冲后巨型热液成矿带总的生命周期,这也与兴蒙造山带及华北板块北缘钼矿化(甚至其他热液型矿化)在早白垩世(约130 Ma)趋于减弱并熄灭的现象一致,也使得新生代的碱性岩浆岩不具有显著的脱水熔融特征。综上,笔者认为兴蒙造山带及华北板块北缘的斑岩钼矿化为一个统一的整体,属于古亚洲洋俯冲作用水化的源区在后期强烈伸展环境下部分熔融的产物,是古亚洲洋俯冲成矿作用的延续和发展,也是古生代塑造的富集型源区在中生代伸展构造驱动下的复合成矿作用。     

Spatial and temporal variability of daily precipitation in Haihe River basin, 1958–2007

The seasonal variability and spatial distribution of precipitation are the main cause of flood and drought events. The study of spatial distribution and temporal trend of precipitation in river basins has been paid more and more attention. However, in China, the precipitation data are measured by weather stations (WS) of China Meteorological Administration and hydrological rain gauges (RG) of national and local hydrology bureau. The WS data usually have long record with fewer stations, while the RG data usually have short record with more stations. The consistency and correlation of these two data sets have not been well understood. In this paper, the precipitation data from 30 weather stations for 1958–2007 and 248 rain gauges for 1995–2004 in the Haihe River basin are examined and compared using linear regression, 5-year moving average, Mann-Kendall trend analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Z test and F test methods. The results show that the annual precipitation from both WS and RG records are normally distributed with minor difference in the mean value and variance. It is statistically feasible to extend the precipitation of RG by WS data sets. Using the extended precipitation data, the detailed spatial distribution of the annual and seasonal precipitation amounts as well as their temporal trends are calculated and mapped. The various distribution maps produced in the study show that for the whole basin the precipitation of 1958–2007 has been decreasing except for spring season. The decline trend is significant in summer, and this trend is stronger after the 1980s. The annual and seasonal precipitation amounts and changing trends are different in different regions and seasons. The precipitation is decreasing from south to north, from coastal zone to inland area.     

内蒙古东南部开鲁盆地龙湾筒九佛堂组火山岩地质特征

开鲁盆地为陆相火山岩盆地。勘探结果表明,在陆相火山岩盆地中获得了工业油流,为寻找石油油藏开辟了新途径。龙湾筒凹陷的火山岩以火山熔岩、火山碎屑沉积岩为主,根据岩石特征,可划分为三种岩相：溢流相、火山爆发相和火山沉积相。溢流相以熔岩为主,包括安山岩、粗面岩、粗安岩、玄武岩和玄武安山岩;火山爆发相岩石包括火山角砾岩和凝灰岩;火山沉积岩相岩石包括凝灰质砂岩、凝灰质泥岩。依据火山岩相划分,结合火山岩测井和地震反射特征,对龙湾筒凹陷火山岩纵向上的变化和平面上的展布进行了讨论,特别是对储集性能好的溢流相岩石进行了圈定。     

两类双结构矩阵特征值问题的向后误差

讨论2类双结构矩阵特征值问题的向后误差公式和上下界。这2类结构矩阵分别是反对称正交阵和反对称反Hamilton阵。使用的主要技术是基于正交辛相似变换。所得结果可看作Tisseur提出的2个待解决问题的回答。     

无线输液报警系统设计

提出了一种基于MSP430单片机的能够自动实时监控输液状态的无线报警系统.系统采用OPA2335放大来自称重传感器的模拟信号,经ADS7818转换为数字信号;由MSP430单片机监控输液状态,产生报警信息并通过无线发射系统发出;地址匹配的接收端接收到报警信号后显示报警的地址和床位信息等.系统具有体积小、功耗低、传输距离较远的特点,实用性强、性能稳定,有一定的推广价值.     

中国东部夏季降水型的研究

文章对比分析了气候中心的分型（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类雨带）,及北京大学的旱涝型（１ａ、１ｂ、２、３、４、及５型）,并指出这两种分型的优缺点．其次根据中国东部夏季（６～８月）降水量的ＲＥＯＦ分析,提出了一种新的分型．这种新的分型突出了雨带的主要位置,在一定程度上反映了全国降水异常的分布趋势．     

磷灰石结构通道离子对晶胞参数的影响

磷灰石晶胞参数受其结构中Ca多面体，磷氧四面体及结构通道位置上的类质同角替换的影响，本文探讨了54个磷灰石样吕的晶胞参数与结构通道离子F，OH，Cl相同象替换的影响，本文讨论了54个磷灰石样品的晶胞参数与结构通道离子F，OH，Cl相对含量的关系，发现Cl和取代是影响岩浆型磷灰石晶胞参数的主要因素，每原子／晶胞的Cl使a增大0．121 1（6）nm，c减少0．0633 （3）nm，根据成分与结构的经验关系式，可以验证电子探针对F的分析结果。     

磁暴期内夜间h’F的突增现象

用3个经度链上电离层垂测站资料分析磁暴时夜间h＇F的同时突增现象提出了电动耦合在夜间出现东向电场从而使F层抬升的物理机制同时也解释了突增现象在午夜后更多,且增幅更强的事实．