应用已知矿体质量的正态概率分布评价区域铀矿资源质量

本文论述了应用已知矿体质量正态概率分布,评价区域铀矿资源质量的可行性,详细阐述了区域铀矿资源质量评价中不同区间的品位、厚度、储量的矿体概率和储量概率计算步骤,同时还叙述了资源平均品位和矿体品位与规模组合概率计算方法,最后简要介绍了一个应用实例。     

泛长三角地区大型主题公园时空分布初步研究

作为世界旅游组织确定的未来旅游业发展三大趋势之一的主题公园,近年来以极为迅猛的速度发展,而作为主题公园相对较为集中的泛长三角地区,其发展速度和规模尤为突出。选取上海市、江苏省、浙江省和安徽省,即以泛长江三角洲地区为研究对象,从时间和空间两个维度上对其范围内大型主题公园的分布特征进行分析,总结出泛长三角大型主题公园的发展阶段、空间分布聚集特征明显以及影响分布的5个因素（经济发展因素、区位因素、产业融合因素、创新因素和城市发展因素）等。最后对时空分布进行总结并提出未来需要加强研究的若干方面。     

太湖钩虾种群时空分布特征及与环境因子关系分析

在对太湖湖滨带钩虾种群空间分布前期调查的基础上,于2013年4月、8月和11月对太湖底栖动物钩虾种群的分布和水质情况进行了调研。钩虾种群密度在太湖水域空间上表现出明显的差异性,其高值区域出现在太湖的西北部,且随季节变化较大,其中,冬季钩虾种群密度最高。通过主成分分析(PCA)筛选出影响太湖水质的主要指标为氮和磷(方差解释率为52.2%),相关分析表明钩虾种群密度对数值与第一主成分氮和磷呈正相关,而与第二主成分透明度呈负相关。研究表明钩虾种群空间分布的差异与氮磷水平关系最密切,其次是透明度。     

固沙植被区土壤质地与土壤微生物数量的关系

土壤微生物是荒漠生态系统的重要组分,参与成土过程与生物地球化学循环,其数量反映土壤质量,是判别退化生态系统恢复程度的重要指标。选取沙坡头固沙植被区土壤中的真菌、细菌、放线菌数量进行研究,分析了其时空分布、恢复特征及影响因子。结果表明：土壤微生物数量随固沙年限增加而增加,随土层深度增加而减少,夏秋季显著大于冬春季。三大类群微生物数量恢复曲线均呈现S型,在固沙植被建立18~24 a后恢复速率达到峰值,24~36 a后数量能够达到天然植被区的31.6%~83.7%。土壤微生物数量恢复过程主要受土壤细物质含量的影响,土壤pH是限制因子。土壤微生物对土壤状况与覆被变化敏感,能较早且敏感地指示生态系统功能的变化。     

Mean properties of mesoscale eddies in the Kuroshio recirculation region

Using a 19-year altimetric dataset, the mean properties and spatiotemporal variations of eddies in the Kuroshio recirculation region are examined. A total of 2 001 cyclonic tracks and 1 847 anticyclonic tracks were identifi ed using a geometry-based eddy detection method. The mean radius was 57 km for cyclonic eddies and was 61 km for anticyclonic eddies, respectively, and the mean lifetime was about 10 weeks for both type eddies. There were asymmetric spatial distributions for eddy generation and eddy termination, which were domain-dependent. Mean eddy generation rates were 2.0 per week for cyclonic eddies and were 1.9 per week for anticyclonic eddies. Both type eddies tended to deform during their lifetime and had different propagation characteristics, which mainly propagated westward and southwestward with velocities 4.0–9.9 cm/s, in the Kuroshio recirculation region. Further discussion illustrates that the eddy westward speed maybe infl uenced by the combined effect of vertical shear of horizontal currents and nonlinearity of eddy. To better understand the evolution of eddy tracks, a total of 134 long-lived tracks(lifetime ≥20 weeks) were examined. Comparison between short-span eddies(lifetime ≥4 weeks and 20 weeks) and long-lived eddies is also conducted and the result shows that the short-span and long-lived eddies have similar time evolution. Finally, eddy seasonal variations and interannual changes are discussed. Correlation analysis shows that eddy activity is sensitive to the wind stress curl and meridional gradient of sea surface temperature on interannual timescales. Besides, the strength and orientation of background fl ows also have impacts on the eddy genesis.     

Application of a generalized power transformation to geochemical data

In the context of analysis of variance, Box and Cox (1964) developed a generalized technique for power transformation of frequency distributions to normality. It is here applied to geochemical data, based on the nonlinear optimization of skewness and kurtosis. The transform appears to be particularly well suited to the preprocessing of geochemical data prior to multivariate analysis.     

Nutrient distributions over the Southwestern South Atlantic continental shelf from Mar del Plata (Argentina) to Itajaí (Brazil): Winter–summer aspects

Nutrient distributions observed at some depths along the continental shelf from 27°05′S (Brazil) to 39°31′S (Argentina) in winter, 2003 and summer, 2004 related to salinity and dissolved oxygen (mL L⁻¹) and saturation (%) data showed remarkable influences of fresh water discharge over the coastal region and in front of the La Plata estuary. In the southern portion of the study area different processes were verified. Upwelling processes caused by ocean dynamics typical of shelf break areas, eddies related to surface dynamics and regeneration processes confirmed by the increase of nutrients and the decrease of dissolved and saturation oxygen data were verified. High silicate concentrations in the surface waters were identified related to low salinities (minimum of 21.22 in winter and 21.96 in summer), confirming the importance of freshwater inputs in this region, especially in winter. Silicate concentration range showed values between 0.00 and 83.52 μM during winter and from 0.00 to 41.16 μM during summer. Phosphate concentrations worked as a secondary trace of terrestrial input and their values varied from 0.00 to 3.30 μM in winter and from 0.03 to 2.26 μM in summer; however, in shallow waters, phosphate indicated more clearly the fresh water influence. The most important information given by nitrate concentrations was the presence of water from SACW upwelling that represents a new source of nutrients for marine primary production. Nitrate maximum values reached 41.96 μM in winter and 33.10 μM in summer. At a depth ∼800 m, high nitrate, phosphate and silicate concentrations were related to Malvinas Current Waters, Subantarctic Shallow Waters and Antarctic Atlantic Intermediate Waters (AAIW). Dissolved oxygen varied from 3.41 to 7.06 mL L⁻¹ in winter and from 2.65 to 6.85 mL L⁻¹ in summer. The percentage of dissolved oxygen saturation in the waters showed values between 48% and 113% in winter and from 46% to135% in summer. The most important primary production was verified in the summer, and situations of undersaturation were mainly observed below 50 m depth and at some points near the coast. The anti-correlation between nutrients and dissolved oxygen which showed evident undersaturation also revealed important potential sites of remineralization processes. The nutrient behaviours showed some aspects of the processes that occur over the Southwestern South Atlantic continental shelf and in their land–sea interfaces between Mar del Plata and Itajaí.     

基于数字地形模型的山区太阳辐射的时空分布模拟

在数字地形模型(DTM)的基础上,利用地理信息系统软件ArcGIS确定阴影、提供的地图代数语言功能,模拟了甘肃定西安家沟小流域任意时段内天文辐射的空间分布。该模型借助于ArcGIS的地形分析功能,解决了常规方法不能解决的地形遮蔽对天文辐射的影响。该模型是一个物理模型,对天文辐射能的时空分布可做出较精确描述,提供在常规条件下的重要参数。时空分布分析表明:地形对天文辐射的影响很大,尤其是坡向的影响;天文辐射随着季节变化很大,从3月底开始直到6月上旬一直处于上升阶段,然后下降;地形对天文辐射的影响程度随着季节不同有所不同,但是没有表现出明显的规律。     

钦杭成矿带南段粤西大金山地区的区域地球化学特征与成矿规律探讨

粤西大金山地区位于大金山旋转构造带中,是粤西S、Ag、Pb、W、Sn、Au重要的成矿远景区,该地区矿产地多,矿化类型多,成矿带分布广。其1∶5万水系沉积物综合异常为一个环长35km、宽2~5km,面积约220km2的环带状异常,主要由W、Sn、Bi、Mo、Pb、Zn、Ag、Au等元素组成,具有元素组合复杂,规模大,强度高的特点;环绕着大金山旋转构造带分布有大金山大型钨锡矿、大降坪特大型硫铁矿、高枨大型银铅锌矿、九曲岭中型锡矿、石门头中型铅锌矿等矿床。本文基于化探综合异常,解析各典型矿床特征认为:1大金山地区以"穹隆"为中心,成矿元素自内向外依次形成有规律的水平分带:W、Sn、Bi→Sn→Sn、Pb、Zn、Ag→Ag、Pb、Zn(Au)→Au;2钨锡矿床和铅锌矿床具有清晰的垂直分带规律;3钨锡铅锌银矿床均形成于燕山晚期。在此基础上,建立了大金山地区成矿模式:震旦纪海底火山喷流(气)活动形成的浅变质岩系,为锡铅锌银矿床的形成提供了物质来源;燕山运动早期,在两个区域性北东向断裂带的左旋扭动下,形成大金山旋转构造带;燕山晚期岩浆活动使大金山旋转构造带扩容,且携带部分成矿物质(如钨等)的深源热液溶解了大绀山组地层中的锡、铅、锌、银、金等元素,在各裂隙系统中成矿。