地震电离层异常电场模拟及初步研究

强地震会造成电离层电场发生异常变化.基于大气层-电离层电动力学理论对地震电离层异常电场开展数值模拟和研究,将理论推导出来的电离层异常电场方程扩展到球面坐标系中,并且考虑到电离层层电导率的各向异性,建立新的地震电离层异常电场模式.引进一个电离层层电导率经验公式(Nopper and Carovillano,1979),对中低纬度地震电离层异常电场特性进行数值模拟.模拟结果表明:附加电流引起电离层异常电场范围远大于自身在地表上的分布.且发生在低纬地区的异常电场主要成分是纬向电场,在东西两侧显偶极子分布.在额外电流分布相同的情况下,夜晚生成的异常电场更显著,存在昼夜差异.     

Sq等效电流在太阳活动周中的分析研究

Sq电流体系的产生与太阳密切相关,太阳的活动情况会对Sq电流体系造成直接的影响.本文应用1996年至2006年(第23太阳周)INTERMAGNET地磁台网以及中国地震局地球物理研究所国家地磁台网中心的全球地磁场观测数据,通过球谐分析的方法建模,对11年期间每月Sq内外源等效电流体系进行分离,分析Sq内外源等效电流在太阳活动周中的变化情况.结果表明,Sq内外源等效电流强度与太阳黑子的变化具有较高的相关性和一致性,内外源等效电流强度在太阳活动高年期间明显大于其在太阳活动的上升年和下降年期间的强度;Sq内外源等效电流焦点的纬度变化与太阳活动没有显著的一致性;Sq内外源等效电流强度的季节效应在太阳活动的高年和低年具有显著的差别,太阳活动高年期间等效电流强度在分点季节最大,而在其他年份南北半球的等效电流强度都是在各自半球的夏季达到最大.     

Adsorption of H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O,NH<Subscript>3</Subscript> and C<Subscript>6</Subscript>H<Subscript>6</Subscript> on alkali metal cations in internal surface of mordenite and in external surface of smectite: a DFT study

Adsorption of H₂O, NH₃ and C₆H₆ on H- and alkali metal-exchanged structures of mordenite and on corresponding cations on the smectite layer is investigated by ab initio density-functional calculations. Proton or an alkali metal cation compensates one Al/Si framework substitution and resides in the extra-framework position of zeolite or above flat smectite layer close to the Al/Si substitution. Pronounced similarities between zeolite and smectite are observed in changes of the adsorption energies and location of the external cation with changing character of the external cation. Calculated adsorption energies exhibit the following trend: E(NH₃) > E(H₂O) > E(C₆H₆). Because of looser contact with the framework, zeolitic cations are stronger adsorption centers and calculated adsorption energies of zeolites are by ~20–30% larger than cations of smectites. The highest adsorption energy is calculated for H-exchanged structures and down the group of alkali metal cations a decrease of the adsorption energy is observed. Deviations from the smooth variation of the adsorption energy are caused by: (1) formation of strong hydrogen bonds in H-exchanged structures, (2) adsorption induced migration of the external Li⁺ cation, and (3) steric hindrances of the flat C₆H₆ molecule adsorbed on the cation in the cage of zeolite.     

Enigmatic sedimentary–volcanic successions in the central European Variscides: a Cambrian/Early Ordovician age for the Wojcieszów Limestone (Kaczawa Mountains,SW Poland) indicated by SHRIMP dating of volcanic zircons

Metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary successions in the central European Variscides are, in many areas, poorly biostratigraphically constrained, making palaeotectonic interpretations uncertain. In such instances, geochronological data are crucial. Sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) dating of volcanic zircons from a quartz–white mica schist (interpreted as deformed metavolcaniclastic/epiclastic rock) within the stratigraphically controversial Wojcieszów Limestone of the Kaczawa Mountains (Sudetes, SW Poland), near to the eastern termination of the European Variscides, has yielded an age of 498 ± 5 Ma (2σ error), corresponding to late Cambrian to early Ordovician magmatism in that area and constraining the depositional age of the limestones. The new SHRIMP data are not consistent with the recent revision of the age of the Wojcieszów Limestone based on Foraminifera findings that ascribed them to a Late Ordovician—Silurian or even younger interval. They are though, consistent with sparse macrofossil data and strongly support earlier interpretations of the lower part of the Kaczawa Mountains succession as a Cambrian–Early Ordovician extensional basin‐fill with associated initial rift volcanic rocks, likely emplaced during the breakup of Gondwana. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国企业组织空间联系模式研究

我国企业空间联系模式在不同环境条件下具有不同的类型。文章探讨了计划经济条件下、计划与市场混合经济条件下以及社会主义市场经济条件下不同的联系模型。此外，企业空间联系模式还与企业的外部环境因素有关。     

枸杞外观品质与气象条件的关系

利用 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年枸杞实验资料及相应的气象观测资料 ,通过统计分析方法 ,进行相关普查 ,确定影响枸杞外观品质包括坏果率、百粒重、百粒长的气象因子 ,研究单因子与枸杞外观品质的定量关系。在此基础上 ,建立枸杞外观品质与气象条件的综合定量关系。为从气象条件上改进枸杞商品品质 ,提高种植效益服务。     

Remediation of TCE-contaminated groundwater using zero valent iron and direct current: experimental results and electron competition model

The objectives of this study are to design an optimal electro-enhanced permeable reactive barrier (E2PRB) system for the remediation of trichloroethylene (TCE)-contaminated water using zero valent iron (ZVI) and direct current (DC) and to investigate the mechanisms responsible for TCE degradation in different ZVI-DC configurations. A series of column experiments was conducted to evaluate the effect of different arrangements of electrodes and ZVI barriers in the column on the TCE removal capacity (RC). In twelve different combinations of ZVI and/or DC application in the test columns, the rate of reductive dechlorination of TCE was improved up to six times with simultaneous application of ZVI and DC compared to that using ZVI only. The most effective arrangement of electrode and ZVI for TCE removal was the column set with ZVI and a cathode installed at the down gradient. Based on the electrokinetic study for the column systems with only DC input, single acid front movement could explain different RCs. An enhanced dechlorination rate of TCE using E2PRB systems, compared to a conventional PRB system, was observed, and is considered to be attributed to more electron sources: (1) external DC, (2) electrolysis of water, (3) oxidation of ZVI, (4) oxidation of dissolved Fe²⁺, (5) oxidation of molecular hydrogen at the cathode, and (6) oxidation of Fe²⁺ in mineral precipitates. Each of these electron sources was evaluated for their potential influencing the TCE RC through the electron competition model and energy consumption. A strong correlation between the quantity of electrons generated, RC, and the energy-effectiveness was found.     

Palaeomagnetism and palaeogeography of Variscan formations of the Bohemian massif: A comparison with other regions in Europe

Summary Statistical evaluation of palaeomagnetic data from the Early Carboniferous to the Middle Triassic rocks in Europe, north of the Alpine tectonic belt, confirmed previously defined palaeotectonic stability of the whole European Plate since the Early Permian. The Trans-European Suture Zone represents a plate boundary, SW of which the Early Variscan and pre-Variscan formations show different degrees of palaeotectonic rotations, predominantly rotations of clockwise sense. A theoretical model simulating the translation and rotation movements was proposed showing that the West European Variscides underwent Hercynian palaeotectonic rotations comparable with the rotations derived for the Alpine tectonic belt.     

The Böllstein Odenwald: evidence for pre- to early Variscan plate convergence in the Central European variscides

New chemical, petrological and structural data characterize the pre- to Early Variscan evolution of the Eastern or Böllstein Odenwald, which forms a part of the Mid-German Crystalline Rise. This part of the Odenwald Crystalline Complex is different to the Western or Bergsträsser Odenwald with respect to the age of the magmatic events, the structures, chemistry and metamorphism. The complex is formed by a large anticline composed of an older metamorphosed volcano-sedimentary unit and a younger metagranitoid core. The volcano-sedimentary sequence represents a relic of a pre-Variscan accretionary prism with relics of older island-arc volcanics, formed in front of a continental margin. During the Silurian to Lower Devonian the prism was intruded by S-type granitoids. The acidic intrusions were followed by a series of basic intrusives with an island-arc signature. After the magmatic phases the complex was metamorphosed under probably pre-Variscan medium pressure and high temperature conditions. During Variscan times the rocks underwent multiple penetrative deformations under pressure-temperature conditions or partial melting. The main deformation produced isoclinal folds and had a sense of movement of top to the west. During subsequent deformation the anticlinal structure and the Otzberg fault zone were formed and later overprinted by two generations of open folds with vertical and horizontal axes.The rocks of the Böllstein Odenwald document multiple plate convergences of pre- to Early Variscan to Upper Visean age. Correspondence to: U. Altenberger     

大地重力学关于场源研究的方法,进展及面临的问题

将大地重力学的理论、方法加以拓展使其研究范畴深入至对地球内部引力场源的探求，是现代大地重力学深入发展及与地球物理相互渗透的迫切需要。近年来，国际大地重力学界已将该研究作为学科的重要分支，即大地重力学反问题，对该研究的学科发展背景、概念及原理、研究途径及方法、具代表性的赋值模式、主要结果、最新进展及在大地重力学与地球物理学相结合的进程中所起的作用和有待解决的问题进行了较为详尽的综述。