参与全球生产网络与中国出口产品升级

随着技术进步和贸易自由化发展,在全球范围内组织生产的跨国公司所主导的全球生产网络迅速发展并不断深化。全球生产网络为发展中国家融入全球经济体系、实现技术进步和产业升级提供了契机。同时,中国经济发展进入“新常态”,出口贸易的发展方式亟待转变,对出口产品升级的研究显得尤为重要,而参与全球生产网络可能是中国出口产品升级的重要途径。本文利用2000-2011年中国海关贸易数据库对中国出口产品质量进行了测算,并以此为基础衡量出口产品升级。研究发现,中国出口产品质量有波动上升迹象,东中西区域产品质量基本呈现递减趋势。统计分析结果表明,参与全球生产网络直接促进了中国出口产品的升级,尤其是深入融合到价值链中对出口产品质量有明显的正向促进作用。东部地区的研发投入能够促进出口质量升级,但研发投入不能通过提高垂直专业化的程度来提升质量,印证了出口企业提升价值链地位能力的不足。地区财政自主权在中部地区和东北地区起到了至关重要的作用,并且地方政府倾向于支持技术密集型产品的升级。     

中国绿色生产效率区域差异及空间格局演变

绿色生产效率评价是评估中国生态文明建设和经济转型可行性的重要途径。基于“人地协调”理念和“过程+格局”思维,建立了衡量绿色生产效率的投入—产出指标,采用数据包络分析法对中国30个省(市、区)近10年的绿色生产效率进行测度,运用熵值法、基尼系数、探索性空间数据分析、空间自相关等方法,结合ArcGIS、Geoda软件,对中国2005-2014绿色生产效率差异以及空间格局的时空演变进行研究。结果表明：①2005-2014年中国绿色生产效率呈上升趋势,呈现从“大差距低水平”向“小差距高水平”转变的时序特征;②2005-2014年中国四大地区绿色生产效率呈现东部地区>东北地区>中部地区>西部地区的空间分异特征;③中国绿色生产效率呈现东高西低的率三级阶梯空间格局特征;④中国各省(市、区)绿色生产效率值与相邻地区存在相似性,表现出一定的空间集聚特征;⑤经济发展基础和差别化的资源环境区域政策是绿色生产效率区域差异的主要因素。     

河南省县域粮食生产格局演化及影响因素

优化粮食生产布局、探讨粮食发展规律是有效调整农业空间结构、最大限度地提高土地生产效率的有效途径.以县域为单元,借用OpenGeoDa中空间自相关和ArcGIS 10.2中地理加权回归探究了1995-2014年河南省县域粮食生产格局演化及影响因素.结果表明:① 河南省粮食产量在全国粮食总产量中的比重总体呈现增长趋势;② 县域粮食生产现状显示"东部多西部少"的分布格局,其粮食生产多集中分布在中东部平原区的产粮大县,县域粮食生产空间集聚性逐渐增强;③ 粮食生产的影响因素在不同的空间上具有不同的影响程度,且粮食生产朝低碳有机和规模化方向发展.     

城市空间数据生产的技术框架探讨

城市空间数据是城市GIS、数字城市乃至数字中国的核心要素之一。我国城市空间数据生产取得了巨大成就，但尚不能满足城市发展的需求。“快、准、全、廉”地生产与提供城市空间数据应该成为未来的奋斗目标。为此，需要面向应用建立一个统一的包括数据形式、内容、尺度、质量与标准等在内的技术框架。     

山东省农业生产条件现代化可持续发展研究

农业生产条件现代化是实现农业现代化的重要基础 ,包括农业机械化、农业水利化、农业化学化和农业电气化 4个方面。本文根据山东省近 2 0年的统计资料 ,全面分析了山东省在由传统农业向现代化农业转变过程中 ,在农业生产条件方面所取得的进展和明显存在的问题。如农业机械发展结构欠合理、农田水利工程建设标准不高、化肥施用构成比例不当等 ,针对上述问题 ,提出实现农业生产条件现代化可持续发展的战略措施 :1完善农机服务体系 ,大力开展农机社会化、市场化服务 ;2狠抓以水利为重点的农田基础设施建设 ,提高农田水利建设的科技含量 ;3加大对磷肥使用宣传力度 ,降低化肥农药造成的环境污染 ;4继续大力实施“科教兴农”战略 ,加速农业科技成果转化。     

甘肃乡镇企业优势产业的选择

从区域经济协调发展的观点出发，分析了甘肃乡镇企业产业优选的客观约束，根据产业优选基准，确立了本省乡镇企业优势产业序列的一般概念。     

当代世界汽车工业地域结构变化的新趋向

汽车工业是世界最重要的产业部门之一，其发展已近一个世纪，并始终处于不断创新、发展壮大的进程中，被视为“朝阳产业”。本文在回顾汽车工业发展历史的基础上，从宏观的角度着重分析了当代汽车生产的三足鼎立局面，以及跨国生产及战略东移的新趋向。     

Phytoplankton structure, composition and production in saline water-bodies in the Lower Amu Dar'ya

Phytoplankton and its production in water-bodies of the lower Amu Dar'ya were investigated in 1984–1989. The structure and functional nature of the phytoplankton in the water-bodies studied were analogous to those of the littoral zone of eutrophic lakes, considering hydrological and hydrochemical conditions. The very high average annual P/B ratios (453–582) are considered as regional features, namely high light intensity and prolonged light period, the salinity usual for saline waters under anthropogenic influence, the frequent and discrete income of nutrients in drainage water and from sediments.     

Summertime diurnal variations of atmospheric peroxides and formaldehyde in Sweden

Atmospheric peroxides and formaldehyde were measured at two sites in Sweden; inside a Scots pine stand (Jädraås) and on top of Mt. Åreskutan (1250 msl). Peroxide levels at Jädraås were highest during the day and lowest during the night. Mid-day concentrations of H₂O₂ varied between 0.05 and 2 ppbv. Isentropic trajectories together with local O₃ measurements indicated the importance of long range transport on surface H₂O₂ lévels. Large diurnal variations and vertical profiles showed the importance of turbulent mixing processes and dry deposition. A comparison of H₂O₂ and O₃ diurnal variations indicated a more rapid dry deposition of H₂O₂ to the forest. It would appear that terpenes emitted from the forest play a minor role in controlling the H₂O₂ levels. Formaldehyde at Jädraås had a different diurnal variation than peroxides; highest levels were observed in the early evening indicating chemical production of CH₂O. Diurnal variations of peroxides on Mt Åreskutan were opposite to those at Jädraås, highest concentrations were observed during the night. This result is to be expected if during the day air from inside the valley, with lower peroxide levels relative to the free troposphere, rises to the mountain top. In the evening, subsidence brings free tropospheric air with higher peroxides levels to the mountain.     

Seismicity induced by gas production: II. Lithology correlated events,induced stresses and deformation

A 3D relocation technique permits precise locations of induced earthquakes. Geostatistical processing using the data of 87 boreholes provides the basis of a precise 3D structure, with a dome geometry. Conventional laboratory mechanical tests performed on deep rock samples (1000 m to 5000 m) define the rock properties at depths similar to those of the seismic events (1<M _L<4.2) that range from 1 to 7 km.In the studied period, most (85%), of the events were located above the gas reservoir, with very few located in the reservoir itself. Because the production parameters (50 MPa depletion of the gas pressure reservoir) are homogeneous throughout the gas field, the lateral inhomogeneity of the seismic rupture locations are a consequence of variations in the rheological response of the dome to the deformation induced by gas production.Here a ratio of two is found between the elastic modulus of the seismic rock matrix and the elastic modulus of the aseismic rock matrix. The contrast in strength is at least as great, if not greater. Repeated measured surface deformations involve the whole structure. Spatial and temporal deformations indicate that aseismic deformation is quantitatively the main process of this structural deformation. The heterogeneous stress pattern inferred fromP-axes of induced earthquakes disagrees with the tectonic regional stress field. The radial distribution ofP-axes towards the gas reservoir probably reflects the production induced deformation. The inferred deformation of the dome occurs in response to weak induced stresses.