西准噶尔哈拉阿拉特山一带晚石炭世赞岐岩的发现及其地质意义

西准噶尔哈拉阿拉特山一带广泛分布晚石炭世玄武安山岩、辉石安山岩,属钙碱性系列,岩石具有较高的SiO_2(52.88%~56.89%)、MgO(3.47%~6.88%,Mg#为48.5~63.7)、Sr(442×10~(-6)~970×10~(-6))、Ba(199×10~(-6)~796×10~(-6))含量,K/Na为0.22~0.70,P_2O_5变化范围较大(0.18%~0.52%),富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素((La/Yb)N为1.88~15.9),亏损Nb、Ta、Hf等高场强元素和重稀土元素,弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.77~0.94),(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.70366~0.70409,(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)i=0.51247~0.512564,εNd(t)=4.41~6.19,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.220~18.405,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.482~15.522,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=37.991~38.296,与典型赞岐岩地球化学特征一致。该赞岐岩的厘定,为研究西准噶尔构造演化提供了新的思路,约束了本区残余洋盆的闭合时限并非前人确立的早石炭世,而应延迟至晚石炭世末期。     

安徽石马超高压变质地体构造演化的流体包裹体响应

安徽石马超高压变质地体经历 5次构造变形 ,其特征是由深层次挤压韧性变形到浅层次的伸展脆性变形。相应地发育有 5期流体 ,它们的演化规律为 :早期以硅酸盐熔体和流体熔融体为主 ,随后富CO2 流体占优势 ,后期H2 O溶液起主导作用。总体而言 ,从老到新流体均一温度和含盐度均由高变低。在构造作用和流体作用的共同推动下 ,石马超高压变质地体经历了复杂的演化过程 :洋壳俯冲 ,超高压榴辉岩形成与形变→陆壳碰撞 ,榴辉岩折返→地体构造分异 ,榴辉岩就位→地体均衡隆起 ,榴辉岩抬升→地体差异隆起 ,榴辉岩剥露。因此 ,流体作用在研究超高压变质地体中占有重要地位。流体直接影响超高压变质地体形成的物理化学环境 ,在分析其形成深度时 ,应充分考虑流体超压问题。总之 ,在超高压地体演化过程中 ,流体一直是积极推动其发展的最活跃的因素。     

Carbonatite melt–CO2 fluid inclusions in mantle xenoliths from Tenerife, Canary Islands: a story of trapping, immiscibility and fluid–rock interaction in the upper mantle

Three types of fluid inclusions have been identified in olivine porphyroclasts in the spinel harzburgite and lherzolite xenoliths from Tenerife: pure CO₂ (Type A); carbonate-rich CO₂–SO₂ mixtures (Type B); and polyphase inclusions dominated by silicate glass±fluid±sp±silicate±sulfide±carbonate (Type C). Type A inclusions commonly exhibit a “coating” (a few microns thick) consisting of an aggregate of a platy, hydrous Mg–Fe–Si phase, most likely talc, together with very small amounts of halite, dolomite and other phases. Larger crystals (e.g. (Na,K)Cl, dolomite, spinel, sulfide and phlogopite) may be found on either side of the “coating”, towards the wall of the host mineral or towards the inclusion center. These different fluids were formed through the immiscible separations and fluid–wall-rock reactions from a common, volatile-rich, siliceous, alkaline carbonatite melt infiltrating the upper mantle beneath the Tenerife. First, the original siliceous carbonatite melt is separated from a mixed CO₂–H₂O–NaCl fluid and a silicate/silicocarbonatite melt (preserved in Type A inclusions). The reaction of the carbonaceous silicate melt with the wall-rock minerals gave rise to large poikilitic orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene grains, and smaller neoblasts. During the metasomatic processes, the consumption of the silicate part of the melt produced carbonate-enriched Type B CO₂–SO₂ fluids which were trapped in exsolved orthopyroxene porphyroclasts. At the later stages, the interstitial silicate/silicocarbonatite fluids were trapped as Type C inclusions. At a temperature above 650 °C, the mixed CO₂–H₂O–NaCl fluid inside the Type A inclusions were separated into CO₂-rich fluid and H₂O–NaCl brine. At T<650 °C, the residual silicate melt reacted with the host olivine, forming a reaction rim or “coating” along the inclusion walls consisting of talc (or possibly serpentine) together with minute crystals of NaCl, KCl, carbonates and sulfides, leaving a residual CO₂ fluid. The homogenization temperatures of +2 to +25 °C obtained from the Type A CO₂ inclusions reflect the densities of the residual CO₂ after its reactions with the olivine host, and are unrelated to the initial fluid density or the external pressure at the time of trapping. The latter are restricted by the estimated crystallization temperatures of 1000–1200 °C, and the spinel lherzolite phase assemblage of the xenolith, which is 0.7–1.7 GPa.     

铅锌在花岗质硅酸盐熔体和共存含水流体间分配机理的实验研究

本文利用作者首次设计改进的固液制样术、金管处理术及测试分析程序完成了铅、锌在花岗质硅酸盐熔体和共存含水流体间的分配实验,确定了一系列铅锌流-熔分配系数;并从分配模型和熔体地球化学等方面探讨了铅锌的流-熔分配规律和机理。实验结果和理论分析均表明,在含水花岗质岩浆体系中,氯(钠)有利于铅、锌的流-熔分离,而氟(钾)则相对地阻碍了这种分离。