对偶四元数GPS辅助光束法区域网平差

针对GPS辅助光束法区域网平差中线元素和角元素分而治之引起转动和平移的耦合误差问题,该文提出了一种基于对偶四元数的GPS辅助光束法区域网平差方法。利用对偶四元数统一描述像空间坐标系与WGS84坐标系之间的旋转和平移关系,建立对偶四元数GPS辅助光束法区域网平差模型,实现了区域网影像外方位元素以及待定点WGS84坐标的平差解算。实验结果表明,本算法具有对迭代初值无依赖性、迭代次数少和精度高的优点,为姿态稳定较差的轻小无人机影像的GPS辅助光束法区域网平差提供了一种新的思路。     

An analysis on short—wave components of the global stress field

Introduction The intraplate stresses are affected by two types of forces: one is called the first-order stresses (Zoback, 1992) or the long-wave components of stresses, which are closely related to the driving mechanism of the plate motions such as ridge push, continental collision resistance, slab pull (suc-tion) and mantle drag force (Richardson, 1992; WEI, 2000). This type of stress field is character-ized by a uniform feature in very large horizontal scale with 50 times or more of the th…     

辽宁地区时变重力场源变化特征分析

地震重力分析通过研究时变重力场变化获取地球内部介质物性变化信息。采用贝叶斯重力网平差方法对辽宁地区2011—2014年共计四年7期的流动重力观测资料进行处理,对研究区重力观测网总体监测能力做出分析,选用欧拉反褶积对研究区的重力变化场源深度及空间分布特征进行反演和解释。通过反演计算发现,在2013年灯塔M_S5.1地震前沈阳—辽阳地区重力变化较大,形成高梯度带,反映该地区地震活动性增强;而欧拉反褶积计算反演地下介质场源深度在10～40 km,与地震实际发生深度相符,且集中在断裂带附近。本研究可为研究辽宁地区深部孕震环境特征提供一定参考。     

区域地壳水平运动模型的Euler-GABP神经网络构建

针对传统的欧拉(Euler)矢量法在具有复杂构造运动的区域地区内构建GPS速度场模型精度低的问题,该文提出了欧拉矢量法结合遗传算法(GA)和BP神经网络方法来构建区域GPS速度场。以云南区域1999—2015年间的GPS速度场为实验数据,分别使用欧拉矢量法、遗传神经网络(GABP)、欧拉矢量结合神经网络(Euler-BP)和欧拉矢量的遗传神经网络(Euler-GABP)法构建区域速度场模型。实验结果表明,相比其他3种方法,该文提出的Euler-GABP方法在构建区域GPS速度场模型是可行和有效的且精度高。     

Água Bonita pull apart basin and its relationship to Transbrasiliano Lineament

The Transbrasiliano Lineament (TBL), a NE-SW trending strike slip system at least 2700 km long, is one of the main structures of the South American Platform. This lineament, along with other structures, influenced greatly the installation and depositional history of the Paraná and Parnaíba sedimentary basins. The Água Bonita Basin (ABB) occurs at an intermediate position between both basins. This work aims to provide information on the origin and evolution of the Água Bonita Basin, considered a Silurian-Devonian basin, as well as its relationship with the Transbrasiliano Lineament.Geological, aero and ground geophysics data were used to determine a structural geological model for the ABB located in the Brasilia Fold Belt in the Tocantins tectonic province. The airborne geophysical magnetic data used in the study were acquired in the 1970s by the existing 147 ground gravity stations in addition to the 498 new ground gravity and geodetic stations that were added to the existing ones.The analysis of the outcrops allowed identifying the sedimentary facies associations providing new information on the depositional environments. The compilation of existing data, satellite images analysis, geological maps and shaded relief provided an integrated model for the study area.A geological model was proposed for the ABB based on the interpretation, integration, depth analysis and 2D gravity forward modeling according to a theoretical model for an extensional duplex in a strike slip system with flower structures. We observed several segmented gravity anomalies, which were interpreted as steps/faults. This interpretation is consistent with a pull apart basin. According to the depth data estimated by this model, the maximum thickness of the Água Bonita Formation is 1.6 km and 2.4 km for the precursor rift. The basin has two dextral faults on each border, whose main fault of the TBL strike slip system and the master fault controlling the ABB are observed on the east border of the rift phase. Lineaments perpendicular to the west edge, in addition to those crossing the ABB in the N65E, delineate peculiar magnetic, gravity and geological signatures in the northern part of the basin. The basin is located in the weak region of the TBL and its main eastern fault is dipping sub-vertically to the west. This fault modeled up to the 8 km depth using the gravity data, was also observed in the Tilt Angle of the Total Horizontal Gradient (TAHG) matched filter grid result at approximately 8 km, however this may not be this fault maximum depth.Three main sedimentary-tectonic stages were observed, (i) a Pre-Devonian precursor rift present in the Água Bonita Basin and Jaibaras Group; (ii) the sag stage developed during the Devonian, when the Paleozoic basins of Paraná, Parnaíba and Água Bonita Basin were connected evidenced by the sedimentary facies and similar thicknesses; and (iii) the Pos-devonian rocks that are probably not preserved in the Água Bonita Basin.     

环南极区域古水深演化初探

重构南极区域的古水深和历史地质格局,首先需要对研究区域进行板块重构,即在特定的时间点将洋壳和陆壳恢复到他们原来的地理位置上。本文采用Greiner阐述的欧拉旋转法进行板块重构。欧拉极参数主要参考Muller等基于大西洋-印度洋热点参考系的有限欧拉极,并将部分参数进行了必要的转换和统一。对于指定的重构年代,地壳年龄比重建年代年轻的区域需被移除。本文借助于Matlab等编程工具,恢复了南极及周边区域自130 Ma以来15个特定时间段的位置。综合多种数据,将现代水深根据热驱动地壳沉降、沉积作用和均衡作用的影响进行调整,对30°S以南区域的古水深进行重构,绘制了研究区域不同年代的古水深图,分析了南大洋自130 Ma以来的形成演化过程。     

中国地壳运动整体速度场模型的建立方法研究

利用所能得到的468点的高精度GPS速度场,采用计算欧拉矢量法和多面函数拟合法分别在细分块体和不细分块体的情况下建立了中国地壳运动整体速度场模型,并对其结果进行了分析。结果表明,在对块体介质刚弹性的认定不明确时,多面函数拟合法比计算欧拉矢量法更适合中国平面地壳运动速度场模型的建立。     

几种降水PH值预报方法效果对比分析

将4种预报pH值的模式(欧拉酸沉降数值预报模式、神经网络预报模式、动态统计预报模式和集成预报模式),对2005年汛期(5～9月)的预报资料进行了对比,分析了这几种模式预报效果.结果显示:欧拉数值模式有较严重的计算数据溢出;4种预报模式均存在本地化不足问题,预报准确率受城市降水本身的pH值高低影响;内陆城市与沿海城市酸雨可能有不同的发生机制,并对各模式的预报效果产生影响;部分没有阴阳离子的模式在一些城市的预报效果可以接近有阴阳离子的模式.     

利用GPS观测资料划分现今地壳活动块体的方法

利用GPS观测资料研究地球动力学问题是目前地学中的热点。利用GPS观测的速率(或位移)计算网格点附近小区域的应变张量和转动的欧拉极．再运用聚类分析法对计算的欧拉极进行分类，由此划分出地壳活动的次级块体。最后以中国大陆GPS观测结果为例，将中国大陆划分为9个活动块体，通过比较发现，所得结果与目前其他方法给出的结果大体一致。