防护层中孔穴对轴向应力波的绕射屏蔽效应研究

随着新型武器的发展,在当今的人防工程中对防护层的功效要求越来越高。以工程抗爆设计为背景,主要研究了如何在防护层中利用空穴来绕射和屏蔽应力波的问题。经过大量计算发现,空穴的几何形状及尺寸效应等对其后方的应力波削减有显著影响。针对常见的方形和圆形空穴,提出了孔穴后方、位于其对称轴上点的轴向应力σy峰值削减因子DF的2个近似拟合式子。可分别用来估算在一定条件下孔穴后方特定位置处的削减因子,或用来计算所需空穴的尺寸,甚至可以推算为了达到某一削减效果而必须满足的最小安全距离等。其结果为在抗爆防震工程中智能的防护层的设计提供了一定理论依据。     

关于基质吸力及几个相关问题的一些思考

基质吸力是非饱和土力学中一个非常重要的概念,也是初学者学习中的一个难点,要把它理解透彻并不容易。本文从表面物理化学的基本公式,亦即Young-Laplace公式和Kelvin公式出发,对基质吸力概念和与基质吸力有关的若干问题进行了一些思考和初步探讨。研究表明,基质吸力的大小受土的孔径大小的影响;在环境条件下,基质吸力的大小受外界平衡相对深度的影响;土的孔径分布决定了土水特征曲线的特征。     

Topographic effects by the Stokes–Helmert method of geoid and quasi-geoid determinations

The topographic potential and the direct topographic effect on the geoid are presented as surface integrals, and the direct gravity effect is derived as a rigorous surface integral on the unit sphere. By Taylor-expanding the integrals at sea level with respect to topographic elevation (H) the power series of the effects is derived to arbitrary orders. This study is primarily limited to terms of order H ². The limitations of the various effects in the frequently used planar approximations are demonstrated. In contrast, it is shown that the spherical approximation to power H ² leads to a combined topographic effect on the geoid (direct plus indirect effect) proportional to H˜² (where terms of degrees 0 and 1 are missing) of the order of several metres, while the combined topographic effect on the height anomaly vanishes, implying that current frequent efforts to determine the direct effect to this order are not needed. The last result is in total agreement with Bjerhammar's method in physical geodesy. It is shown that the most frequently applied remove–restore technique of topographic masses in the application of Stokes' formula suffers from significant errors both in the terrain correction C (representing the sum of the direct topographic effect on gravity anomaly and the effect of continuing the anomaly to sea level) and in the term t (mainly representing the indirect effect on the geoidal or quasi-geoidal height). Received: 18 August 1998 / Accepted: 4 October 1999     

Deconvolution with wavelets and vaguelettes

The use of wavelets for the solution of convolution equations is studied as a possible alternative to the well-established Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique. Two possible solution strategies are investigated: (1) The use of wavelets for the representation of both the given data and the unknown solution. This leads to an algorithm with good de-noising and data-compression properties. In terms of computational efficiency this algorithm is inferior to FFT. (2) The use of wavelets for the representation of the unknown solution and of so-called vaguelettes for the representations of the given data. This leads to an algorithm which is even faster than FFT. Received: 14 October 1998 / Accepted: 30 November 1999     

平面Radon变换的反演公式

本文借助球面平均法和Ｈｉｌｂｅｒｔ空间算子理论,给出了平面上Ｒａｄｏｎ变换的反演公式,此公式是具体的、构造性的,便于数值计算,或者进一步探讨重建图象的性质。     

Pounding force assessment in performance‐based design of bridges

Bridges with deck supported on either sliding or elastomeric bearings are very common in mid‐seismicity regions. Their main seismic vulnerabilities are related to the pounding of the deck against abutments or between the different deck elements. A simplified model of the longitudinal behavior of those bridges will allow to characterize the reaction forces developed during pounding using the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center framework formula. In order to ensure the general applicability of the results obtained, a large number of system parameter combinations will be considered. The heart of the formula is the identification of suitable intermediate variables. First, the pseudo acceleration spectral value for the fundamental period of the system (Sa(T_s)) will be used as an intensity measure (IM). This IM will result in a very large non‐explained variability of the engineering demand parameter. A portion of this variability will be proved to be related to the relative content of high‐frequency energy in the input motion. Two vector‐valued IMs including a second parameter taking this energy content into account will then be considered. For both of them, a suitable form for the conditional intensity dependence of the response will be obtained. The question of which one to choose will also be analyzed. Finally, additional issues related to the IM will be studied: its applicability to pulse‐type records, the validity of scaling records and the sufficiency of the IM. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

轻质土密度、强度与材料组成的关系研究

论述了轻质土试样的制备方法,对轻质土密度、无侧限抗压强度与材料组成之间的关系进行的研究表明：密度主要受到EPS颗粒添加量的影响;无侧限抗压强度主要受到水泥添加量、EPS颗粒添加量的影响。在此基础上给出了适合于工程应用的轻质土的配方公式。     

主震和余震--从大森公式到ETAS模型

介绍了从描述余震发生频次的大森公式到ＥＴＡＳ模型的发展过程;给出了ＥＴＡＳ模型的主要理论,主要内容包括条件强度函数、参数估计和模型选择;讨论了ＥＴＡＳ模型在地震活动性研究中的应用情况,尤其是在前兆平静和前震研究中的应用,并对该模型的优缺点进行了评价。     

Analytical theories of satellite motion constructed with a new package of formula manipulation and compared with numerical integration

Specialized to the Lie series based perturbation method of Kirchgraber and Stiefel (1978) a new computer algebra package called ANALYTOS has been developed for constructing analytical orbital theories either in noncanonical or canonical form. We present results on the (extended) Main Problem of orbital theory of artificial earth satellites and related issues. The order of the solutions achieved is generally one order higher than those known from literature. Moreover, the analytical orbits have been checked succesfully against precise numerical ephemerides. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

沙丘地植物固沙灌溉单元及其计算公式

确定轮灌区面积是沙丘地灌溉设计中最重要的问题。在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地,通过计算沙丘地入渗率、测定入渗过程与深层损失率以及进行不同流量、不同灌溉面积的反复试验,提出了灌溉单元的定义及计算公式。灌溉单元是一定地区、一定土壤或母质、一定灌溉方式条件下,某一水流量的最大合理灌溉面积。它是确定轮灌区面积的基本单位。对于沟畦灌而言,灌溉单元是指单沟或单畦的最大合理灌溉面积;对于滴灌而言,灌溉单元是指单个支管所能控制的最大合理灌溉面积。