论不连序系列样本概率权重矩不偏计算公式

人们普遍认为要从理论上通过数学分析的方法来论证不连序系列样本概率权重矩的偏倚性是很困难的。本文根据次序统计量理论，分析推证了不连序系列样本概率权重矩的不偏计算公式，论证结果具有较重要的理论和实用意义。     

地形校正中央区求积公式

利用非奇变换首先将地形校正奇异积分非奇异，其次利用ＮｅｗｔｏｎＣｏｔｅｓ积分，本文推导了几组适用于地形校正中央区积分的求积公式。     

水面蒸发系数全国通用公式的验证

着重介绍我国水面蒸发-散热系数研究的一项成果─-水面蒸发系数公式的计算结果与实际情况的对比,证明公式的可靠性和在全国范围内的可用性。     

评地震危险性分析方法

本文对目前我国地震危险性分析中普遍采用的概率方法,即洪华生模型进行了分析和评述。指出上述方法忽略了断层间的相互影响;将未来大震看作小概率事件是对古登堡震级与频次关系的误解;同时,该方法中极值理论的时间概念是不可靠的。     

A survey of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations

The development of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations has intensified over the past decade. The earliest methods were usually heuristic adaptations of deterministic methods, but were found to have limited accuracy regardless of the order of the original scheme. A stochastic counterpart of the Taylor formula now provides a framework for the systematic investigation of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations. It suggests numerical schemes, which involve multiple stochastic integrals, of higher order of convergence. We shall survey the literature on these and on the earlier schemes in this paper. Our discussion will focus on diffusion processes, but we shall also indicate the extensions needed to handle processes with jump components. In particular, we shall classify the schemes according to strong or weak convergence criteria, depending on whether the approximation of the sample paths or of the probability distribution is of main interest.     

锡铁山石的化学式再定义

利用电子探针能谱仪检查新矿物——锡铁山石的成分时,发现有相当含量的氯。因此,原来的化学式Fe³⁺(SO₄)(OH)·7H₂O应修改为Fe³⁺(SO₄)Cl·6H₂O。     

多种人体舒适度预报公式讨论

讨论了根据环境温度变化使人体产生对应的舒适感觉，用函数来表达人体感觉的舒适程度，而建立的一系列人体舒适度预报公式的异同。指出了目前的几十种人体舒适度预报公式实际上都是生物气温指标的各种变形。讨论了它们之间的差别，并分析了适用性。     

A solution to the downward continuation effect on the geoid determined by Stokes' formula

 The analytical continuation of the surface gravity anomaly to sea level is a necessary correction in the application of Stokes' formula for geoid estimation. This process is frequently performed by the inversion of Poisson's integral formula for a sphere. Unfortunately, this integral equation corresponds to an improperly posed problem, and the solution is both numerically unstable, unless it is well smoothed, and tedious to compute. A solution that avoids the intermediate step of downward continuation of the gravity anomaly is presented. Instead the effect on the geoid as provided by Stokes' formula is studied directly. The practical solution is partly presented in terms of a truncated Taylor series and partly as a truncated series of spherical harmonics. Some simple numerical estimates show that the solution mostly meets the requests of a 1-cm geoid model, but the truncation error of the far zone must be studied more precisely for high altitudes of the computation point. In addition, it should be emphasized that the derived solution is more computer efficient than the detour by Poisson's integral. Received: 6 February 2002 / Accepted: 18 November 2002 Acknowledgements. Jonas ?gren carried out the numerical calculations and gave some critical and constructive remarks on a draft version of the paper. This support is cordially acknowledged. Also, the thorough work performed by one unknown reviewer is very much appreciated.     

基于重力场模型的平均扰动场元的严密计算方法

卫星重力技术的进步为建立高精度的全球重力场模型提供了可能，该技术包括卫星测高、卫星重力梯度和卫星跟踪卫星等。而在建立扰动场模型的过程中一般要采用移去—恢复技术，该技术的核心是从已知的重力数据中减去根据参考重力场模型计算的扰动场元，并在最后的成果中加入移去部分对应的扰动场元。但在移去、恢复的过程中往往利用扰动场元在格网中心点的值乘以菜平滑因子代替扰动场元在该格网上的平均值，不可避免地引入了系统误差。从勒让德微分方程和勒让德函数的定义出发，详细研究了利用重力场模型计算扰动场元在格网上的平均值的方法，该方法在利用卫星测高资料反演海域重力异常中的应用表明，重力异常的精度得到了进一步提高。     

三维感应测井响应计算的交错网格有限差分法

应用交错网格有限差分法计算三维复杂环境中的感应测井响应. 其中，利用Krylov子空间不变性求解离散得到的大型稀疏复对称线性方程组. 在构造Krylov子空间时使用其系数矩阵的伪逆以改善迭代的收敛性. 迭代中，使用不完全Cholesky分解共轭梯度法求解4个三维Poisson方程以得到新的Lanczos向量. 通常迭代不超过20次可得到理想结果. 另外，提出一种新的物质平均公式以计算电导率平均值，可保证电流守恒.