海水烟气脱硫恢复系统的实验室模拟评价

恢复系统是海水烟气脱硫(SWFGD)技术的重要组成部分,如何对设计和运行参数进行实验评价一直是难点问题。本文在前期大量工程实践的基础上,建立了一套模拟实际工况多参数变化的循环式实验装置,将曝气深度和池容积按比例缩小,并强化处理海水的循环次数,提出针对气液比计算的缩比模型经验公式。实验中通过调节气体或液体流量、氧化时间、曝气池高度和容积等参数,有效模拟了工厂直排型海水脱硫恢复系统气液比(0.29~7.74)对S(IV)氧化效率、溶液pH值和溶解氧(DO)浓度的影响。此外,还评价了一种电化学-化学复合氧化改进处理技术,考察增加电极保护套对恢复参数的影响,研究结果可为工业放大提供依据。     

Seismic response analysis of reinforced concrete frames using inelasticity‐separated fiber beam‐column model

Evaluating the inelastic seismic response of structures accurately is of great importance in earthquake engineering and generally requires refined simulation, which is a time‐consuming process. Because the material nonlinearity generally occurs in a small part of the whole structure, many researches focus on taking advantage of this characteristic to improve the computational efficiency and the inelasticity‐separated finite element method (IS‐FEM) proposed recently provide a generic finite element formulation for solving this kind of problems efficiently. Although the fiber beam‐column element is widely used for the simulation of reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures, the inelastic deformation is often detected in a large part of the numerical model under earthquake excitation so that it is hard to achieve high efficient computation when applying the IS‐FEM to the inelastic response analysis of RC fiber models directly. In this paper, a new numerical scheme for seismic response analysis of RC framed structures model by fiber beam‐column element is proposed based on the IS‐FEM. To implement the RC fiber model for use in IS‐FEM and improve the computational performance of proposed scheme, a method of identifying the local domains with severe section inelasticity level is proposed and a modified Kent‐Park concrete material model is developed. Because the Woodbury formula is adopted as the solver, the global stiffness matrix can keep unchanged throughout the analysis and the main computational effort is only invested on a small matrix representing local inelastic behavior. The numerical examples demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed scheme.     

Re‐examination of Bagnold's empirical bedload ­formulae

Bagnold developed his formula for bedload transport over several decades, with the final form of the relation given in his 1980 paper. In this formula, bedload transport rate is a function of stream power above some threshold value, depth and grain size. In 1986, he presented a graph which illustrated the strength of his relation. A double‐log graph of bedload transport rate, adjusted for depth and grain size, versus excess stream power was shown to collapse along a line having a slope of 1·5. However, Bagnold based his analyses on limited data. In this paper, the formula is re‐examined using a large data set in order to define the most consistent empirical representation, and dimensional analysis is performed to seek a rationalization of the formula. Functional analysis is performed for the final version of the equation defined by Bagnold to determine if the slope of 1·5 is preserved and to assess the strength of the relation. Finally, relations between excess stream power and bedload transport are examined for a fixed slope of 1·5 to assess the performance of various depth and grain size adjustment factors. The rational scaling is found to provide the best result. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Incorporating uncertainty analysis into a regional IDF formula

A rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) relationship was generated by pooling annual maximum rainfall series from 14 recording rain gauges in southern Taiwan. Dimensionless frequency curves, plotted by the growth curve method, can be well fitted by regression equations for a duration ranging from 10 mins to 24 hours. As the parameters in regression equations have a good statistical relationship with average annual rainfall, a generalized regional IDF formula was then formulated. The formula, based on average annual rainfall as an index, can be easily applied to non-recording rain gauges. This paper further applies the mean value first-order second moment (MFOSM) method to estimate the uncertainty of the proposed regional IDF formula. From a stochastic viewpoint, the generalized regional IDF formula can accurately simulate the IDF relationship developed using frequency analysis (EV1) at individual stations. The method can provide both rainfall intensity and variance isohyetal maps for various rainfall durations and return periods over the study area. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2015年全球发现的新矿物种

对2015年度全球发现并经国际矿物学协会（IMA）新矿物与矿物分类命名专业委员会（CNMNC）批准的109种新矿物资料进行了系统梳理,特别是从矿物名称、晶体化学式、晶系和空间群、晶胞参数、主要粉晶数据、物理性质、光学性质、产地与产状、与其他矿物种的关系、矿物名称来源、化学反应和光谱学特征等方面归纳总结了新矿物的重要矿物学特征,同时按照中国新矿物及矿物命名专业委员会颁布的《矿物种汉名审订条例》,对109个新矿物种的中文名称进行了统一审订。通过定期公布国际新矿物工作的新进展和新成果并逐步完善和规范矿物种中文译名体系,为我国新矿物的发现、研究和命名工作提供有科学价值的参考和借鉴。     

A self‐organization algorithm for real‐time flood forecast

The group method of data handling (GMDH) algorithm presented by A. C. Ivakhnenko and colleagues is an heuristic self‐organization method. It establishes the input–output relationship of a complex system using a multilayered perception‐type structure that is similar to a feed‐forward multilayer neural network. This study provides a step towards understanding and evaluating a role for GMDH in the investigation of the complex rainfall–runoff processes in a heterogeneous watershed in Taiwan. Two versions of the revised GMDH model are implemented: a stepwise regression procedure and a recursive formula. Eleven typhoon events in the Shen‐cei Creek watershed, Taiwan, are used to build the model and verify its usefulness. The prediction results of the revised GMDH models and the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) model are compared. Based on the criteria of forecasting precision and the rate and time of peak error, a much better performance is obtained with the revised GMDH models. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

采用时序InSAR技术监测北京地铁网络沿线地面沉降

随着北京轨道交通的日益完善,地铁成为人们日常出行的重要交通工具,监测和治理地铁工程沿线地面沉降成为保障线性工程正常运营的一项重要基础性工作。本文基于55景覆盖北京地区的3 m高分辨率TerraSAR-X数据,采用时序InSAR分析技术获取2010年4月至2016年12月地铁网络沿线的地面沉降形变信息,系统分析了北京地铁网络沿线地面沉降时空演变规律。同时,结合Peck公式将InSAR监测结果进行建模,以7号线磁器口-广渠门内站区段为例,估算地面沉降槽的空间发展特征。研究发现：北京市地铁线路沿线表现出不同程度的形变,形变严重的路段主要集中在东部及东北部区域,最大沉降速率超过了100 mm/a;相对于其他线路,4号、10线整体情况比较稳定,14号、亦庄线次之,6号、7号线不均匀沉降最为严重;此外,地铁在不同建设时期路段表现出不同的形变特征,施工期路段较运营期沉降严重;7号线磁器口与广渠门内站间沉降槽的宽度和最大值沉降值在2010-2016年呈现增加趋势,沉降槽最大宽度约达180 m。     

Wave uplift force on horizontal panels: a laboratory study

Accurate estimation of wave uplift force is essential to the designs of reliable coastal and marine structures.We presents a series of laboratory work here on the impact of regular waves on horizontal panels,from which an empirical formula to estimate accurately the wave uplift force on panels is established.The laboratory measurements show that the wave uplift force depends mainly on the incident wave height,the wave period,the wave length,the panel width,and the clearance between the subsurface of the panel and the still water level.Among these factors,the impact of the panel width on uplift forces is relatively complicated.Result shows that the relative panel width(i.e.,the ratio of panel width to wave length)plays a more important role in estimating the wave uplift force.Based on our comprehensive laboratory measurements,we further developed an empirical formula to compute wave uplift force on horizontal panels through dimensionless analysis.Compared with other empirical formulas,this formula uses dimensionless variables of clear physical meanings,thus can describe the interaction between waves and the panels in a better way.In addition,the efficiency of the formula to estimate wave uplift force on horizontal panels is verified against existing works.Therefore,the findings in this study shall be useful for understanding the mechanism of wave uplift force on horizontal panels and numerical model validation.     

南海北部海底沙波迁移规律及其在台风作用下的响应研究

本文在南海北部海底沙波已有研究的基础上,总结分析了研究区表层沉积物以及沙波的形态、分布、迁移特征;使用区域海洋模式（ROMS）模型模拟了研究区2010-2011年的底部流场数据;利用Rubin公式模拟计算了海底沙波的迁移规律,并与搜集所得资料进行对比分析;结合台风资料及底流数据,分析了台风对海底沙波运移的影响。研究结果显示:海底沙波运移方向的计算结果与搜集所得资料比较吻合,均为向东向南方向;不同站点的迁移距离在0~21.8 m之间,且为往复累积的结果。这表明:Rubin公式在ROMS模型模拟所得底流资料的支撑下,可以再现海底沙波的迁移过程。模拟计算的研究区内两个站位在"凡亚比"台风影响期间的迁移距离分别为2.0 m、2.9 m,分别占其年运移量的9.17%和26.36%,说明台风过境能对海底沙波的迁移产生重大的影响。     

气候变化背景下北京市短历时暴雨的强度及雨型变化特征

利用1961—2017年北京观象台站逐分钟降雨资料,根据《城市暴雨强度公式编制和设计暴雨雨型确定技术导则》,建立了北京市1961—1990年和1991—2017年两个气候态下的暴雨强度公式和2 a重现期下历时30 min、60 min、90 min、120 min、150 min、180 min以5 min为时间段的设计暴雨雨型。结果表明：1）P-Ⅲ型分布曲线对北京市两个气候态下各历时降雨量的拟合效果最好,暴雨强度公式精度最高。2）对比1961—1990年和1991—2017年暴雨强度公式,整体而言,后者各历时重现期的暴雨强度值较低,但随着重现期的增大,两者的雨强差值也增大。3）1961—1990年和1991—2017年短历时雨型的雨峰位置系数分别为0.436和0.382,2 a重现期下前者的各历时雨峰位置比后者提前,各历时累积降雨均在初期增长较慢、雨峰前后增长较快,之后增速明显减缓。