黄淮海平原冬小麦最大可能蒸散的估算

作物最大可能蒸散考虑了作物及当地地表状况,为当地地表实际覆盖情况下实际蒸散的理论上限值,能客观分析作物对水分的需求程度和农业干旱状况。基于遥感（叶面积指数和地表反照率）数据和逐日气象数据,利用Penman-Monteith公式,计算黄淮海平原小麦种植区27个气象站冬小麦生育期2000-2015年逐日蒸散,提取得到冬小麦生育期逐日最大可能蒸散数据集,并分析其时空变化特征及成因。结果表明:与联合国粮农组织（FAO）单作物系数法计算的最大可能蒸散E_k对比,区域平均最大可能蒸散E_c的时间变化趋势与E_k一致,空间分布上E_c符合客观实际。黄淮海平原冬小麦全生育期、越冬期和返青-拔节期E_c均呈北低南高的分布特征,日平均值分别为1.99 mm,0.44 mm和2.75 mm;其余3个生育期（越冬前、抽穗期、乳熟-成熟期）在空间分布上差异不大,日平均值分别为1.23 mm,4.71 mm和3.74 mm。冬小麦不同生育期（含全生育期）E_c的空间分布主要受叶面积指数分布特征的影响,二者呈显著正相关关系。     

大洋底质调查钢丝绳的倾斜校正

根据“东方红 2”调查船 3次大洋底质调查获得的实放钢丝绳长度、钢丝绳倾斜角度、船舶漂移速度等数 1 0个实测数据 ,通过统计分析得到了放钢丝绳长度与钢丝绳倾斜角度之间的经验关系公式。依据该经验公式进行倾斜校正比用余弦法进行校正少放钢丝绳数百至一千多米。该公式适用条件 :水深 2 0 0 0～ 6 0 0 0 m,钢丝绳倾角 0～ 5 5°     

A Numerical Computation Method for Current Field in Tidal zone

- In this paper, a numerical computation method is developed for the computation of current field in the tidal zone, using the well-point method and ADI method. The computational results agree well with the general variation of current field in the tidal zone.     

电渗析脱盐时威尔逊公式修正的新方法

本文列举了铝制品洗白碱性废水［１］、海水第二脱盐段①和人工配制ＮａＣｌ水溶液②三种水质，采用伏－安法测定权限电流密度后，用三步作图法，分别求出威尔逊修正式中的系数Ｋ，浓度指数ｍ和流速指数ｎ，建立了威尔逊修正公式的新模式：Ｉ_（ｌｉｍ_＝ＫＣ~ｍＣ~（ａ＋ｂｃ）本模式适用于组份复杂、浓度变化范围大的水溶液体系。用该模式计算的极限电流密度值与实验测定值之间的偏差在±１０％之内，具有很好的实用性。     

多波束测深系统最优声速公式的确定

本文对现有的7种声速经验公式，根据其不同的适用范围，不同的水文环境，计算出各自不同的声速和声速变率，并对这些数据进行统计分析，得出了适合不同水层的最优声速公式，该结论在浅水区被验证是正确的。     

Modulus of Subgrade Reaction for Laterally Loaded Piles in Multiple Layered Foundation

-According to the field test data of laterally loaded steel piles at home and abroad,an empiri-cal formula for evaluating the modulus of subgrade reaction under static load in layered soil is proposed.The suggested formula takes account of not only non-linearity of K_s with the depth but also its variationwith the load.It is shown that the computed bending moments along the pile shaft and the deflection atthe pile top are consistent with the measured ones.     

Evaluation of building period formulas for seismic design

Building period formulas in seismic design code are evaluated with over 800 apparent building periods from 191 building stations and 67 earthquake events. The evaluation is carried out with the formulas in ASCE 7‐05 for steel and RC moment‐resisting frames, shear wall buildings, braced frames, and other structural types. Qualitative comparison of measured periods and periods calculated from the code formulas shows that the formula for steel moment‐resisting frames generally predicts well the lower bound of the measured periods for all building heights. But the differences between the periods from code formula and measured periods of low‐ to‐medium rise buildings are relatively high. In addition, the periods of essential buildings designed with the importance factor are about 40% shorter than the periods of non‐essential buildings. The code formula for RC moment‐resisting frames describes well the lower bound of measured periods. The formula for braced frames accurately predicts the lower bound periods of low‐to‐medium rise buildings. The formula for shear wall buildings overestimates periods for all building heights. For buildings that are classified as other structural types, the measured building periods can be much shorter than the periods calculated with the code formula. Based on these observations, it is suggested to use C_r factor of 0.015 for shear walls and other structural types. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

巴音戈壁盆地巴音戈壁组上段古盐度恢复及意义

巴音戈壁盆地巴音戈壁组上段泥岩是中国高放废物深地质处置的目标研究层位之一,目前缺乏对该地层湖相泥岩粘土矿物组合特征及古盐度影响因素的相关认识。文章应用全岩的B含量、Sr/Ba比值、Rb/K比值及Na+K质量分数等方法和X衍射测试分析技术对巴音戈壁组上段古盐度进行综合判别。分析得出：（1）巴音戈壁组上段以半深湖—深湖沉积环境为主,发育有厚层深灰色泥岩,以半深湖至深湖相沉积为主;（2）研究区目的层岩性结构为泥粉质,该段泥岩伊利石、蒙脱石、伊蒙混层发育较好,绿泥石和高岭石极少;（3）选取样品的Sr/Ba、Rb/K、B/Ga、Na+K值同Couch公式恢复的古盐度变化趋向相似,其水体以半咸水、微咸为主;（4）随着深度增加,TZK-1井、TZK-2井的古盐度呈规律变化,具有升高—降低特点,与伊利石含量的变化一致,并且古盐度变化与古气候及氧化还原的相关研究在该岩性段位耦合。综上表明：目标区古盐度的研究不仅有利于湖盆古沉积环境的恢复,而且有助于揭示古盐度的变化特征对粘土矿物组合特征及演化的影响,为后期深入研究粘土矿物对核素吸附性能及核素在泥岩中的迁移情况提供一定依据。     

致密砂岩储层变岩电参数法饱和度计算模型:以苏里格气田西区盒8段例

致密砂岩储层是油气勘探的重点方向之一,由于致密砂岩储层具有低孔低渗、孔隙结构复杂、非均质性强和岩电参数变化等特点,在测井解释过程中不同于常规储层。Archie公式在致密砂岩地层中使用时,强非均质性导致岩电参数a、b、m和n会随着储层的变化而变化。针对苏里格西区盒₈段致密砂岩储层提出利用变岩电参数建立饱和度模型。依据研究区盒₈段储层25块岩心岩电实验分析发现胶结系数m与lgϕ呈二次函数关系、m与岩性系数a呈幂函数关系、束缚水饱和度S_wb对饱和度指数n有较大的影响。因此,在对孔隙度、束缚水饱和度和孔隙结构指数等因素分析的基础上,综合各因素影响特征建立了变岩电参数的饱和度模型。结果表明,该方法相对传统Archie公式饱和度解释,模型精度更高,为解释复杂孔隙结构砂岩储层提供了一种有效预测方法。     

Research Progress on the Electrical Properties of Gas Hydrate-bearing Sediments

Electrical properties are important physical parameters of natural gas hydrate, and, specifically, resistivity has been widely used in the quantitative estimation of hydrate saturation. There are three main methods to study the electrical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments: experimental laboratory measurements, numerical simulation, and resistivity logging. Experimental measurements can be divided into three categories: normal electrical measurement, complex resistivity measurement, and electrical resistivity tomography. Experimental measurements show that the resistivity of hydrate-bearing sediment is affected by many factors, and its distribution as well as the hydrate saturation is not uniform; there is a distinct non-Archie phenomenon. The numerical method can simulate the resistivity of sediments by changing the hydrate occurrence state, saturation, distribution, etc. However, it needs to be combined with X-ray CT, nuclear magnetic resonance, and other imaging techniques to characterize the porous characteristics of the hydrate-bearing sediments. Resistivity well logging can easily identify hydrate layers based on their significantly higher resistivity than the background, but the field data of the hydrate layer also has a serious non-Archie phenomenon. Therefore, more experimental measurements and numerical simulation studies are needed to correct the parameters of Archie''s formula.