激光显微发射光谱定量分析基本公式的探讨

目前激光显微发射光谱定量和半定量分析工作多采用常规原子发射光谱定量分析基本公式。本文论述了谱线强度与激光取样量之间的关系,建议在激光显微发射光谱定量和半定量分析工作中采用含有激光取样量参数的基本公式。     

世界实测与调查最大点雨量及其外包线公式

介绍了世界范围内大量实测与调查的点雨量极值,据此求得了世界最大点雨量外包线的新公式R=491D0.452,并对世界最大点雨量的地区分布特点、暴雨成因以及点暴雨极值在可能最大降水估算中的运用作了简要的说明.     

Aerodynamic Variables in the Bulk Formulation of Turbulent Fluxes

Aerodynamic variables are required to apply Monin–Obukhov similarity theory in the bulk formulation of surface fluxes. In the literature, these aerodynamic variables are commonly misinterpreted. In this paper, we review the concept of the aerodynamic variable, its connection to surface-layer similarity theory and how and why the aerodynamic variable is replaced with other variables.Observed mean variables below the surface layer, such as the surface radiation temperature, or the air temperature at canopy height, are often used in place of the extrapolated aerodynamic variables in the bulk formula, requiring empirical relationships between aerodynamic and observed variables, or requiring empirical adjustments of bulk resistances. The present study examines the validity of these relationshi Experiment (CODE). The results indicate that using a measured substitute for an aerodynamic variable can lead to significant errors in estimates of turbulent surface fluxes.     

不适定方程正则化算法的谱分解式

从观测方程系数矩阵的谱分解着手探讨不适宜方程的正则化算法。利用谱分解式阐明了正则化的主要作用是平滑对参数估值比较敏感的观测误差的高频分量，完整给出了最小二乘平差、秩亏平差和病态方程正则化解的谱分解公式，证明了正则化解参数估值偏离真值的二次范数的期望值与均方误差是等价的。     

缔合勒让德函数的标准向前按列递推公式

针对推导扇谐项（次等于阶的项）和准扇谐项（次等于阶减1的项）存在不严谨性的问题,给出基于fnALFs的2个导数定积分按列递推公式,结果与已有的研究结论完全一致,但推导过程更简明,且该定积分公式可从第2阶开始递推。另外,本文还给出另外2个fnALFs定积分计算公式。     

地铁隧道爆破施工影响的邻近居民楼质点峰值振速研究

地铁隧道爆破施工时严重威胁邻近居民楼的结构安全,因此研究邻近居民楼爆破峰值振速是非常必要的。文章基于群孔荷载简化模型、柱面波理论及传统的应力波衰减理论,在考虑高程效应影响下推导质点峰值振速公式。依托乌鲁木齐地铁一号线工程,对一邻近六层居民楼的爆破施工响应进行监测,并将实测质点峰值振速、提出的修正公式预测振速和传统萨道夫公式预测的振速进行对比分析。研究结果表明:采用修正公式预测的质点峰值振速与现场实测值的分布规律一致,呈现出随着高程增大而逐渐增大的趋势;而且现场实测值与修正公式预测值相对误差较小,表明考虑高程因子的修正公式是可行的。     

Comparison of the compositions of crystalline aluminosilicate rocks and their minerals in a planar triangular projection

The problem of comparison of the composition of crystalline rocks with the composition of the constituent minerals of these rocks is considered. It is proposed to present the composition of rocks and the compositions of the constituent minerals in the form of a triangle on the plane. The experience of presentation of compositions in phase diagrams was taken as a basis for the construction. Analysis of the crystallochemical characteristics of clinopyroxenes and garnets has shown that three parameters are enough for depicting the compositions of these and other minerals. For this purpose, similar composition components of rocks and their minerals are summarized in molecular proportions and are plotted on the triangle DO-1/2(R₂O3)-XO₂, where DO = (MgO + CaO + FeO + MnO + NiO + ...) + 1/4(Na₂O + Al₂O₃) + 1/4(K₂O + Al₂O₃), 1/2(R₂O₃) = 1/2(Al₂O₃ + Fe₂O₃ + Cr₂O₃ + ...) - (1/4(Na₂O + Al₂O₃) + 1/4(K₂O + Al₂O₃)), and XO₂ = SiO₂ + TiO₂. The compositions of minerals are expressed as the sums of their components: Ol = Fo + Fa + Lar + Neph + ..., Px = Di + En + Wol + Ged + Gip + Jd + Eg + ..., Ga = Pyr + Gross + Alm + Spe + Ski + Knr + Mj + ..., etc. A step-by-step calculation algorithm is proposed, which permits evaluation of the contents of bi- and trivalent iron during probe microanalyses of garnets and pyroxenes. Comparison of the compositions of deep-seated rocks and their minerals shows their good consistency. The proposed schematic projection permits a visual comparison of the compositions of rocks with low contents of carbonates and water, from ultrabasic (e.g., dunites) to acid (e.g., granites) ones.     

基于标准有效温度和不舒适指标研究南京热舒适状况

采用标准有效温度和不舒适指标,分析了南京市热舒适状况。以南京市2010年全年的逐时气温和相对湿度资料为基础,计算了2010年逐月每小时气温和相对湿度平均值。通过假定在均匀的环境条件下,遮阴的室内,伏案工作活动量为1.0 met,夏季服装热阻为0.6 clo,春、秋、冬季服装热阻为0.9 clo,室内风速约为0.125 m/s,计算出各月逐时标准有效温度和不舒适指标。结果表明,南京市的热舒适状况具有明显的季节变化和日变化特征。季节变化特征显示：夏冬两季热舒适度偏低,夏季平均标准有效温度和不舒适指标分别为27.6℃和0.7,人体感觉偏热;冬季平均标准有效温度和不舒适指标分别为9.4℃和-2.8,人体感觉偏冷;春秋两季热舒适度指数高,春季平均标准有效温度和不舒适指标分别为19.7℃和-0.8,秋季为17.2℃和-1.3,人体普遍感觉舒适,但舒适期持续时间短,全年约62天。就日变化特征而言,冬季白天人体热舒适度普遍高于夜间,夏季则相反。上述结果能够较好地反映南京市人体的普遍热舒适感,可为旅游、建筑、医疗、交通等相关行业和部门提供参考。     

水泥复合偏高岭土稳定粉砂土力学特性试验研究

使用低成本高硅铝矿物掺合料可在提升水泥土工程性能的同时降低水泥用量。通过开展系列抗压强度试验研究了水泥偏高岭土掺比、水/水泥偏高岭土比、凝胶总掺量和养护龄期对水泥复合偏高岭土稳定粉砂土抗压强度的影响规律,归纳了水泥复合偏高岭土稳定粉砂土的强度经验公式。结果表明：将水泥和偏高岭土按质量比5:1混合用于粉砂土稳定时可获得最佳强度提升,节约1/6水泥消耗,且该掺比关系不因凝胶总掺量变化而改变;水泥复合偏高岭土稳定粉砂土抗压强度随水/水泥偏高岭土比增加近似线性降低,随凝胶总掺量增加线性提升,随龄期发展而提高,其28天强度增加趋势仍未趋缓;总结归纳了四个关于强度影响因素的经验预测公式。该研究成果可为水泥偏高岭土用于复合稳定工程软弱土提供理论参考。     

On the determination of the absolute velocity of steady flows of a baroclinic fluid with applications to ocean currents

The problem of determining the absolute velocity of marine currents, including its barotropic component, is revisited. A generalization of the classical Needler’s formula is discussed for a Boussinesq fluid and it is shown that the steady flow solution can be deduced from a variational principle that uses the constants of motion existing in the problem. A simple model of a steady flow is considered when the Bernoulli function consists of two terms. The first term is proportional to the square of Ertel’s potential vorticity and the second term is a quadratic function of the fluid buoyancy. This model is applied to mimic the circulation in the western Mediterranean Sea near the African coast. Alternatively, “potential temperature – salinity” coordinates are applied to construct the stream-tubes and infer the steady flow velocity in the simplest case of the Bernoulli function being proportional to the product of the above two variables.