Late Triassic ammonoid Sirenites from the Sabudani Formation in Tokushima,Southwest Japan,and its biostratigraphic and paleobiogeographic implications

Discovery of Sirenites senticosus (Dittmar) in the upper part of the Sabudani Formation of the Kurosegawa Belt, Kito area, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan, establishes a late Early Carnian age for this part of the stratigraphic unit. Because S. senticosus was mainly distributed in the Tethyan region, its occurrence provides evidence that Late Triassic ammonoids of Japan had strong affinities with those of the Tethyan faunas. This finding clearly differs from the biogeographic distribution of contemporary bivalves in the region, which are referred to as the Kochigatani bivalve faunas, and show strong affinities to faunas of the Boreal region.     

Timing and development of sedimentation of the Cleaverville Formation and a post‐accretion pull‐apart system in the Cleaverville area,coastal Pilbara Terrane,Pilbara, Western Australia

In the Cleaverville area of Western Australia, the Regal, Dixon Island, and Cleaverville Formations preserve a Mesoarchean lower‐greenschist‐facies volcano‐sedimentary succession in the coastal Pilbara Terrane. These formations are distributed in a rhomboidal‐shaped area and are unconformably overlain by two narrowly distributed shallow‐marine sedimentary sequences: the Sixty‐Six Hill and Forty‐Four Hill Members of the Lizard Hills Formation. The former member is preserved within the core of the Cleaverville Syncline and the latter formed along the northeast‐trending Eighty‐Seven Fault. Based on the metamorphic grade and structures, two deformation events are recognized: D₁ resulted in folding caused by a collisional event, and D₂ resulted in regional sinistral strike‐slip deformation. A previous study reported that the Cleaverville Formation was deposited at 3020 Ma, after the Prinsep Orogeny (3070–3050 Ma). Our SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages show that: (i) graded volcaniclastic–felsic tuff within the black shale sequence below the banded iron formation in the Cleaverville Formation yields an age of (3 114 ±14) Ma; (ii) the youngest zircons in sandstones of the Sixty‐Six Hill Member, which unconformably overlies pillow basalt of the Regal Formation, yield ages of 3090–3060 Ma; and (iii) zircons in sandstones of the Forty‐Four Hill Member show two age peaks at 3270 Ma and 3020 Ma. In this way, the Cleaverville Formation was deposited at 3114–3060 Ma and was deformed at 3070–3050 Ma (D₁). Depositional age of the Cleaverville Formation is at least 40–90 Myr older than that proposed in previous studies and pre‐dates the Prinsep Orogeny (3070–3050 Ma). After 3020 Ma, D₂ resulted in the formation of a regional strike‐slip pull‐apart basin in the Cleaverville area. The lower‐greenschist‐facies volcano‐sedimentary rocks are distributed only within this basin structure. This strike‐slip deformation was synchronous with crustal‐scale sinistral shear deformation (3000–2930 Ma) in the Pilbara region.     

辫状河油藏层内非均质性及其对剩余油分布的影响

辫状河油藏是我国主要油藏类型之一,目前普遍进入高含水期,层内非均质严重制约其高效开发. 本文以孔店油田馆陶组岩心、测井资料为基础,结合生产开发数据,分析了辫状河油藏层内非均质性及其对剩余油分布的影响. 结果表明:研究区储层成因为辫状河道及心滩. 辫状河道为正韵律,物性差异大,夹层薄;而心滩以复合正韵律为主,物性差异中等偏强,夹层厚. 由心滩对应的采油井夹层控制的剩余油较多,垂积体的上部易形成剩余油富集区,挖掘潜力大.     

湘黔桂交界区富禄组与富禄间冰期的再划分

在中国南华系层型剖面优选区之一——湘黔桂交界区,富禄间冰期可再分为3个相对较暖热的气候阶段(间冰段)和2个相对寒冷的气候阶段(冰段),即(自老而新)：三江间冰段、龙家冰段、烂阳间冰段、两界河冰段、大塘坡间冰段。相应地,富禄间冰期沉积地层——富禄组可分5个段,即：三江段、龙家段、烂阳段、两界河段、大塘坡段。另外,对古城组和铁丝坳组层型的湖北长阳古城剖面、贵州松桃大塘坡剖面和相关资料的再研究揭示,“古城组”和“铁丝坳组”都是富禄间冰期晚冰段(即两界河冰段)的沉积,均不宜替代长安组作为南华纪早冰期沉积的代表。     

Sedimentary characteristics and genetic mechanism of the giant ancient pockmarks in the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea

In the late Miocene, giant ancient pockmarks, which are fairly rare globally, developed in the Qiongdongnan Basin. In this paper, to determine the sedimentary characteristics and genetic mechanism of these giant ancient pockmarks in the Yinggehai Formation of the Qiongdongnan Basin, based on high-resolution 3D seismic data and multiattribute fusion technologies, we analyzed the planar distribution and seismic facies of the ancient pockmarks and compared the characteristics of the ancient pockmar...     

西湖凹陷西斜坡平湖组储层特征及致密化过程分析

综合应用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光、恒速压汞、流体包裹体和X衍射等分析技术,对储层岩石学、孔喉结构和成岩作用类型及特征进行深入研究,探讨储层致密化过程和物性演化。结果表明：平湖组储层砂岩类型主要为长石岩屑质石英砂岩,以细—中粒结构为主,分选性中到好;孔隙类型以溶蚀粒间孔为主,孔隙半径主要集中于130～190 μm,喉道半径主要集中于0.2～10 μm;埋藏压实是导致平湖组储层低渗-特低渗的主因,埋深、粒度及泥质决定了压实作用的强弱,而后期次生溶蚀及胶结作用的差异加剧了储层的非均值性。中成岩A期平湖组储层次生溶蚀规模受限于流体环境,细粒沉积不利于后期溶蚀是造成储层致密化的主因;进入中成岩B期,成岩环境呈碱性且逐渐封闭,大量含铁碳酸盐、呈丝状或弯曲片状伊利石等富集堵塞喉道,致使储层大规模致密。     

From Local Star Formation to Global Star Formation

In this brief report we summarise the most important points raised in the course of a two-hour evening discussion session on the above topic, organised by the author. Major questions that were debated included the universality of the IMF, the history of the star formation rate in the solar neighorhood, the star formation efficiency in molecular clouds, and the role of triggered star formation. The issue of a threshold gas surface density for star formation to occur was also critically discussed. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

南黄海盆地阜宁组烃源岩地层热压生烃特征

通过生烃模拟获取生烃动力学参数是近年来油气资源评价工作中极为重要的一个环节,利用地层热压生排烃模拟装置对南黄海盆地南二凹陷阜四段烃源岩进行了生烃模拟实验,并拟合了生烃动力学参数。实验及研究结果表明,阜四段烃源岩的生烃演化可分为3个阶段：第1阶段产烃量随温度上升快速增大,以产油为主;第2阶段产烃量随温度上升缓慢增加,为油、气同产;第3阶段产烃量随温度上升快速增大,主要是以生气为主。实验拟合出阜四段烃源岩的生油活化能为228 kJ/mol,生气活化能为280 kJ/mol。与常压—完全开放体系试验、金管-高压釜实验装置的实验结果对比,本次实验南黄海盆地阜四段烃源岩在地层热压条件下出现生油窗滞后现象,烃源岩样品在高成熟演化阶段依然具有较高的液态烃产率。阜四段生油活化能值较高,其内在原因是有机质受到烃源岩孔隙中高压水的“保护”作用以及受生烃空间的影响,延缓了烃源岩的热演化进程。综合前人实验结果分析,有限空间热压生烃模拟实验环境更接近于烃源岩在地层条件下的生烃条件,实验结果对南黄海盆地的油气资源潜力评价及油气勘探方向具有指导意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组深水重力流岩相发育特征及其储集性

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7、长6油层组广泛发育深水重力流,基于对长7-长6段共计852.7 m岩心的精细分析并结合测井、录井等数据,总结分析了湖盆重力流沉积岩相的类型、成因、特征和发育规律。综合岩石类型、沉积构造和发育规模,共识别出8种岩相类型,分别是：滑动砂岩相(Sl)、滑塌砂岩相(Ss)、滑塌泥岩相(Sm)、中-薄层块状含砾砂岩相(Sc)、中-薄层块状纯净砂岩相(Sp)、厚层块状含砾砂岩相(St)、块状含砾泥岩相(Mc)、中-薄层具层理砂岩夹泥岩相(Tb)。按照Shanmugam基于重力流沉积过程的分类方法,Sl是滑动成因,Ss、Sm是滑塌成因,St、Sp、Sc、Mc是碎屑流成因,Tb是浊流成因。不同岩相发育规模差别较大,从累计厚度和发育频次上看,St、Sp规模最大。砂岩岩相可构成良好储层,St储层质量最好,其次为Sp、Sc,但Sp、Sc的发育规模远大于St,综合认为在实际勘探中Sp、Sc是重力流储层最有利的勘探目标。     

恩平凹陷新近系韩江组沉积微相及岩性圈闭类型

新近系韩江组是珠江口盆地恩平凹陷的油气主要储集层段,随着勘探程度的提高,寻找岩性油气藏是未来油气勘探的重要方向。为了系统地研究该地区岩性圈闭的发育类型,在“沉积层序”理论模型的指导下,划分出高位体系域、海侵体系域及低位体系域,并通过井震结合、岩芯观察,结合RGB属性融合技术增强关键沉积单元的刻画,开展了精细的沉积微相研究,共识别出辫状河道、串沟河道、曲流河道、河口坝、海岸砂脊和远砂坝6种沉积微相类型。在微相砂体刻画的基础上,结合构造特征,总结了该地区发育的构造-岩性圈闭、多砂体类型岩性圈闭以及上倾尖灭型岩性圈闭三大岩性圈闭类型,其中凹陷中部、西南部以河道砂为储层的构造-岩性圈闭为最具勘探潜力的目标类型。