宗地面积测量限差的探讨

作者结合工作实践,对地籍调查中宗地面积两次测绘限差分布规律进行了分析,对宗地面积测绘限差公式进行推导,该公式对实际工作有一定的参考作用。     

Latent lifestyle preferences and household location decisions

Lifestyle, indicating preferences towards a particular way of living, is a key driver of the decision of where to live. We employ latent class choice models to represent this behavior, where the latent classes are the lifestyles and the choice model is the choice of residential location. Thus, we simultaneously estimate lifestyle groups and how lifestyle impacts location decisions. Empirical results indicate three latent lifestyle segments: suburban dwellers, urban dwellers, and transit-riders. The suggested lifestyle segments have intriguing policy implications. Lifecycle characteristics are used to predict lifestyle preferences, although there remain significant aspects that cannot be explained by observable variables.

矢量GIS平面线状实体误差模型概率特征

从概率论的角度看,矢量GIS平面线状实体落入其相应误差模型内的概率值是决定线状实体误差模型规模的依据。根据等概率密度误差模型建模机理、概率论与数理统计以及数值分析,文献[1]、[3]、[4]研究了矢量GIS平面线状实体落入其相应等概率密度误差模型内的概率算法,在此基础上,文中对概率特征进行了总结和分析,得出了"线状实体落入其相应等概率密度误差模型内的概率不仅与线状实体上点位精度最低的特征点"标准误差椭圆缩放系数"有关,而且还随特征点精度的变化而变化"的结论。实例计算与分析验证了该结论的正确性。     

Influential input classification in probabilistic multimedia models

 Monte Carlo analysis is a statistical simulation method that is often used to assess and quantify the outcome variance in complex environmental fate and effects models. Total outcome variance of these models is a function of (1) the variance (uncertainty and/or variability) associated with each model input and (2) the sensitivity of the model outcome to changes in the inputs. To propagate variance through a model using Monte Carlo techniques, each variable must be assigned a probability distribution. The validity of these distributions directly influences the accuracy and reliability of the model outcome. To efficiently allocate resources for constructing distributions one should first identify the most influential set of variables in the model. Although existing sensitivity and uncertainty analysis methods can provide a relative ranking of the importance of model inputs, they fail to identify the minimum set of stochastic inputs necessary to sufficiently characterize the outcome variance. In this paper, we describe and demonstrate a novel sensitivity/uncertainty analysis method for assessing the importance of each variable in a multimedia environmental fate model. Our analyses show that for a given scenario, a relatively small number of input variables influence the central tendency of the model and an even smaller set determines the spread of the outcome distribution. For each input, the level of influence depends on the scenario under consideration. This information is useful for developing site specific models and improving our understanding of the processes that have the greatest influence on the variance in outcomes from multimedia models.     

基于MapGIS的地质图数字化误差来源和对策

误差的减小要从数字化的各个环节入手,从数字化的一开始就要控制,重点是减少源误差和避免误差的传播.结合具体实例,利用数字化流程对各个环节进行分析,查出了主要的4个误差来源,并提出数字化前误差减少与数字化中误差减少的具体方法.     

Interaction of Freshly Precipitated Silica Gel with Aqueous Silicic Acid Solutions under Ambient and Near Neutral pH-conditions: A Detailed Analysis of Linear Rate Law

Interaction of freshly precipitated silica gel with aqueous solutions was studied at laboratory batch experiments under ambient and near neutral pH-conditions. The overall process showed excellent reversibility: gel growth could be considered as an opposite process to dissolution and a linear rate law could be applied to experimental data. Depending on the used rate law form, the resulting rate constants were sensitive to errors in parameters/variables such as gel surface area, equilibrium constants, Si-fluxes, and reaction quotients. The application of an Integrated Exponential Model appeared to be the best approach for dissolution data evaluation. It yielded the rate constants k _dissol ∼ (4.50 ± 0.68) × 10⁻¹² and k _growth ∼ (2.58 ± 0.39) × 10⁻⁹ mol m⁻² s⁻¹ for zero ionic strength. In contrast, a Differential Model gave best results for growth data modeling. It yielded the rate constants k _dissol ∼ (1.14 ± 0.44) × 10⁻¹¹ and k _growth ∼ (6.08 ± 2.37) × 10⁻⁹ mol m⁻² s⁻¹ for higher ionic strength (I ∼ 0.04 to 0.11 mol L⁻¹). The found silica gel solubility at zero ionic strength was somewhat lower than the generally accepted value. Based on the and standard Gibbs free energy of silica gel formation was calculated as and −850,318 ± 20 J mol⁻¹, respectively. Activation energies for silica gel dissolution and growth were determined as and respectively. An universal value for growth of any silica polymorph, is not consistent with the value for silica gel growth, which questions the hypothesis about one unique activated complex controlling the silica polymorph growth.     

A regularized Wiener–Hopf filter for inverting models with magnetic susceptibility

For a magnetic target, the spatial magnetic signal can be expressed as a convolutional integral over Green's function of an assumed model with susceptibility as its parameter. A filter can be used to obtain the susceptibility by minimizing the mismatch between observed and the computed magnetic anomalies. In this perspective, we report the development of an advanced digital filter, which is efficient and can be used to map rock susceptibility from the acquired magnetic data. To design the new filter, we modified the space‐domain standard Wiener–Hopf filter by imposing two different constraints: (i) the filter energy constraint; and (ii) normalization of the filter coefficients. These constraints make it capable to characterize source bodies from their produced magnetic anomalies. We assume that the magnetic data are produced by induced magnetization only and interpretation can be as good as the subsurface model. Our technique is less sensitive to the data noise, which makes it efficient in enhancing the interpretation model. The modified filter demonstrates its applicability over the synthetic data with additive white Gaussian noise. In order to check the efficacy and adaptivity of this tool in a more realistic perspective, it is also tested on the real magnetic data acquired over a kimberlitic district adjoining to the western margin of the Cuddapah Basin in India to identify the source bodies from the anomalies. Our result shows that the modified Wiener–Hopf filter with the constraint for the magnetic data is more stable and efficient than the standard Wiener–Hopf filter.     

影响四轨法D-InSAR形变测量精度误差的相关性分析

卫星成像的基线、视角、基线倾斜角、斜距、卫星距离地面径向距离以及地面分辨率等因素严重影响着合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量监测地面形变的能力和形变监测结果的精度。本文在分析四轨法D-InSAR基本原理和数据处理流程基础上,详细给出了相位测量误差对形变测量精度影响的定量关系式;分析讨论了基线长度误差、基线倾斜角误差、斜距误差、卫星高度误差和地形因素误差对形变测量精度的影响。从而在定量分析方面得出了这些误差对四轨法D-InSAR形变测量精度影响的结论。     

遥感数据专题分类不确定性评价研究：进展、问题与展望

从遥感数据中提取专题类别信息是当前遥感数据最主要的应用领域之一。由于遥感分类专题信息广泛应用于各种领域，其数据质量受到越来越多的关注。不确定性是评价分类专题类别数据质量最主要的方面。回顾了遥感数据专题分类不确定性评价方法的历史，总结了当前各种评价方法及其指标体系，将这些方法归结为基于误差矩阵的方法、模糊评价方法、像元尺度上的不确定性评价方法和其它方法四大类。对每一类不确定性评价方法及其指标体系的优点和缺点进行了分析和总结，指出从理论方法研究方面，需要优先发展独立于分类方法的像元尺度上的遥感分类不确定性评价模型与指标体系，以及统一的遥感数据分类不确定性评价模型体系研究；在应用研究方面，需要加强优化空间采样设计和不确定性评价过程标准化研究。