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41.
Alberto Omar Vazquez-Hernandez Gilberto Bruno Ellwanger Luís Volnei Sudati Sagrilo 《Applied Ocean Research》2006,28(6):398-406
The characteristic environmental load effect for the design of mooring systems of floating units can be defined by means of three procedures: (a) the one associated to an extreme sea state with a given return period, (b) the worst one from a set of sea states on a contour line associated to a return period or (c) the extreme one based on response statistics for a long-term period. This work presents the result of a reliability-based partial safety factor calibration study for a LRFD mooring line design criteria considering the three approaches mentioned above. The calibration exercise is applied to three FPSOs considering North Sea environmental conditions and different water depths: 200, 800 and 3000 m. The mooring systems investigated take into account mooring lines made up of chains and polyester ropes. It is shown that, among all cases investigated, the design procedure based on the long-term response is the one that presents less scattered reliability indices around the target level. 相似文献
42.
In the present study, a methodology for reliability assessment of slack and taut mooring systems against instability has been presented. For this purpose, first, stability analysis of slack and taut mooring systems has been carried out and instable regions are obtained using procedure available in the literature. Having known the instable region(s), methodology for reliability assessment has been proposed which is based on Monte Carlo Simulation technique. After using the proposed methodology, probabilities of failure and reliability indices has been obtained for the above systems. Some parametric studies, such as, effect of lower and upper limits of instability and effect of frequency range of generations are also included to obtain the results of practical interest. 相似文献
43.
针对具有外部持续扰动的线性系统,研究前馈-反馈最优控制律的设计问题。给出了最优控制律的存在唯一性条件。并提出了最优控制律的设计算法。利用滤波器解决了前馈控制的物理不可实现问题。仿真结果表明,此算法易于实现,与传统的反馈最优控制相比对抑制外部扰动具有较强的鲁棒性。 相似文献
44.
由于海岸带的地理条件和海洋动力特性的复杂性以及人类开发活动对海岸带的影响,近岸海域的生态环境系统在空间分布上有很大的变异性.基于现场实测资料,建立系统的空间变异分析模型,对海岸带生态环境空间变化规律进行分析,可以充分了解不同区域的污染特征和变化趋势.应用所构建的空间变异分析模型对渤海湾天津近岸海域的水环境特性进行分析,结合对应年份的入海流量及其变化,分析了天津渤海湾海岸带污染的主因子和区域水环境的分布特征,结果可以对海洋功能区的划分和水环境综合评价结果进行验证和补充. 相似文献
45.
We propose a framework for enabling a systematic evaluation of a fisheries resource management system, which we define as a feed-back mechanism coupled to a fishery. The resource management system includes four basic functions: diagnostics, intervention, goal setting, and decision making. This model allows for the development of an evaluation framework for fisheries resource management by facilitating a typology of failures. We suggest that the potential for systemic and interdisciplinary learning will be significantly enhanced through the process of developing such a framework. 相似文献
46.
根据库车前陆盆地水文地质条件,分析了地下水的铀成矿作用,并通过热力学计算等方法,对水中铀的存在形式及铀的溶解、迁移和沉淀富集过程作了较为详细的论述,阐明了盆地水化学及铀水文地球化学环境,并提出了成矿有利地段和有利层位。 相似文献
47.
48.
辽宁东五家子金矿的矿脉由蚀变岩和石英脉透镜体构成,可采矿体均为硫化物石英脉型.工业矿脉中,石英为烟灰色,发育他形、半自形的细粒黄铁矿等硫化物,有较大规模的矿体.矿化脉中,石英为乳白色,发育粗粒、自形的浅色黄铁矿,无可采矿体.在工业矿脉、次要矿脉、矿化脉的蚀变岩和石英脉样品中,Au,Hg与其他元素的相关性有明显区别.用石英脉样品的As-Ni-Ba图解和蚀变岩样品的Au-Ag-Ba图解预测,矿区外围的西沟1号脉和西沟3号脉属于工业矿脉. 相似文献
49.
Yanming Feng 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(12):847-862
This paper presents a general modeling strategy for ambiguity resolution (AR) and position estimation (PE) using three or
more phase-based ranging signals from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The proposed strategy will identify three
best “virtual” signals to allow for more reliable AR under certain observational conditions characterized by ionospheric and
tropospheric delay variability, level of phase noise and orbit accuracy. The selected virtual signals suffer from minimal
or relatively low ionospheric effects, and thus are known as ionosphere-reduced virtual signals. As a result, the ionospheric parameters in the geometry-based observational models can be eliminated for
long baselines, typically those of length tens to hundreds of kilometres. The proposed modeling comprises three major steps.
Step 1 is the geometry-free determination of the extra-widelane (EWL) formed between the two closest L-band carrier measurements,
directly from the two corresponding code measurements. Step 2 forms the second EWL signal and resolves the integer ambiguity
with a geometry-based estimator alone or together with the first EWL. This is followed by a procedure to correct for the first-order
ionospheric delay using the two ambiguity-fixed widelane (WL) signals derived from the integer-fixed EWL signals. Step 3 finds
an independent narrow-lane (NL) signal, which is used together with a refined WL to resolve NL ambiguity with geometry-based
integer estimation and search algorithms. As a result, the above two AR processes performed with WL/NL and EWL/WL signals
respectively, either in sequence or in parallel, can support real time kinematic (RTK) positioning over baselines of tens
to hundreds of kilometres, thus enabling centimetre-to-decimentre positioning at the local, regional and even global scales
in the future. 相似文献
50.
在城区化过程中,由于人口快速成长且集中,随之而来的建筑物、道路等不透水面密度增加,导致地下水补给减少及破坏水文循环。为了解土地利用方式改变对长期水文量影响,建立一个适宜的城区水循环模式是非常重要的。选定台湾台北的六馆抽水站集水区进行分析,模式参数经过敏感度分析、率定与验证。采用改变不同透水铺面设置比例的方案,评估其对径流量、入渗量、蒸发散量的改变。并分析设置不同比例屋顶雨水贮集系统对地表径流量及供水量的改变。所建立的城区水循环模式是评估土地利用改变造成水文量的改变的一个有效工具,并可提供决策者做为城区土地利用决策的参考。 相似文献