珠江口盆地构造岩浆活动与热流体的形成

热流体活动可以改变盆地的温-压场，对有机质演化和油气生成具有重要的强化作用。珠江口盆地是我国非常重要的海上舍油气盆地。盆地的形成与演化受到了印度板块向欧亚大陆板块俯冲和太平洋板块向欧亚大陆板块俯冲的联合控制。五期重要的构造活动和岩浆作用决定了盆地演化的复杂性，造成了盆地地温梯度和热流值均高，促进了盆地的热流体形成与活动，也使得盆地内烃源岩成熟加速。包裹体等分析表明，盆地油气运移始于晚渐新世-早中新世，延续至第四纪。目前研究表明，油气运移至少经历了两期。     

Reconciliation of conflicting tectonic models for Proterozoic rocks of northern New Mexico

Two major Proterozoic tectonic events are documented in the Taos Range of northern New Mexico. Regional structures involving the tectonic interleaving of c.   1.65  Ga granitoids with supracrustal rocks are interpreted to have formed before 1.42  Ga and probably during collisional assembly of island arc crust into new (1.7–1.6  Ga) continental lithosphere. Supracrustal rocks record 650–750  °C, 6–8  kbar metamorphism (M₂); these high temperatures may have been reached during sandwiching between c.   1.65  Ga granitoids. However, the early history has been obscured by renewed tectonism at c.   1.4  Ga that resulted in partial melting, fabric reactivation and new mineral growth at 4  kbar (M₃). Metamorphic temperature variations from uppermost-amphibolite to amphibolite facies rocks may be associated with c.   1.65 and/or 1.4  Ga plutonism, but not to a 1.4  Ga extensional shear zone as previously proposed. Syn- and post-1.4  Ga contraction is suggested by high- and low-temperature microstructures showing top-to-the-south-east thrusting. This work reconciles conflicting models by suggesting that the geometry of the structures was mainly established by c.   1.65  Ga, but that the present fabric also records 1.4  Ga tectonism involving high- T  metamorphism and fabric reactivation.     

中国大陆东部晚中生代构造活化及其演化过程

与中生代中期造山型构造活化不同．晚中生代期间,中国大陆东部的构造活化表现为规模宏大的断陷盆地系、变质核杂岩、花岗岩浆侵位、火山岩喷发以及沿大型走滑断层的转换伸展为特征的大陆裂陷作用。根据岩浆活动、盆地的充填记录,构造格架和盆地的沉降史分析,可以将裂陷作用划分为两个大的阶段,即由兴安岭群火山喷发为代表的第一阶段和以巴彦花群含煤、油碎屑岩系为代表的断陷盆地形成阶段。盆地沉降史回剥研究表明,裂陷作用第二阶段断陷盆地的发育受控于次一级的幕式构造作用过程。此外．对晚中生代裂陷作用的动力学背景的探讨需要阐明岩石圈的深部过程和构造应力场的反转这个两个重要的问题。     

中国沉积盆地演化与旋回动力学环境

中国沉积盆地可以划分为克拉通盆地，裂陷盆地，压陷盆地和走滑盆地４大类，这些盆地的上受联合大陆形成和裂解两大构造阶段所影响，在空间上受特提斯构造域和太平洋造域两大构造体系所制约，中生代和新生代盆地形成与古生代克拉通盆地和克拉通边缘盆地之间存在反转性，再生性和新生性。     

断陷盆地构造作用与层序样式

我国东部大多数中新生代含煤和含油气盆地是陆相断陷盆地，其层序形成和演化主要受控于幕式构造作用。笔者通过典型断陷盆地层序层的研究，根据构造沉降及其可容空间变化特点，提出了拉张型，挤压型，走滑－伸展型和热沉降型四种层序样式，并总结了各种层序中体系域构成特点，概括了多幕裂陷型，断坳转化型和走滑－伸展型三种层序地层格架模式。     

A review of the In Ouzzal granulitic terrane (Tuareg shield, Algeria): its significance within the Pan-African Trans-Saharan belt

The In Ouzzal terrane (IOT) or In Ouzzal granulite unit (IOGU) is an elongated Palaeoproterozoic block within the Neoproterozoic Pan-African belt of north-west Africa. The granulites derive from Archaean protoliths that include a large volume of metasediments which were deposited on a 3.2-Ga gneissic basement. Near-peak granulite facies conditions between 2.17 and 2 Ga were estimated at P=10 kbar and T rising from 800 to 1000°C. Premetamorphic orthogneisses were intruded at 2.5 Ga, and followed by the emplacement of syn- to late-kinematic charnockites, syenites and carbonatites at around 2 Ga. Cooling of the granulites occurred till 1800 Ma. Shortly after its exhumation coeval with crustal extension and related alkaline magmatism in adjacent areas, the IOT was buried beneath late Palaeoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic cover sequences, and then behaved as a rigid block. Both margins are lithospheric faults, as evidenced by the occurrence of shear-zone-related mafic and felsic plutons. Pan-African tectonothermal events were negligible in the north, but granulites in the south were significantly reworked under lower greenschist facies conditions during the northern motion of the block with respect to both the western and the eastern Pan-African terranes. The Cambrian molasse, associated with widespread alkaline volcanism and subvolcanic granites, is horizontal in the north. The IOT, which was part of a larger continental mass including its counterpart in northern Mali, is interpreted as an exotic terrane which may have docked during Pan-African plate convergence and lateral collision. The unchanged pediplain since c. 1.7 Ga in the north suggests that the IOT is underlain by thick Palaeoproterozoic lithospheric mantle, whereas its southern part is probably allochthonous and overlies Pan-African structural units.     

江汉油田盐间非砂岩储层的特征及裂缝的成因

江汉盆地潜江凹陷盐韵律发育,部分韵律层段存在有工业价值的油藏,岩性主要为泥岩、泥膏岩、含膏泥岩、钙芒硝质白云岩等,储集空间有孔隙、孔洞和裂缝,以裂缝为主。同一储层中多种储集类型共存。在该类储层中,渗透率的高低不完全取决于孔隙度的大小,而与孔隙结构的分选性,即孔喉的大小、形状、连通程度和裂缝发育情况、充填程度等有关。孔隙结构整体以微喉为主,综合评价属中孔、低渗-特低渗储层。通过大量岩心观察、薄片分析、试井资料和裂缝的形态、产状、密度、分布范围研究后认为,裂缝主要是在高压异常、差异压实、成岩、构造等综合作用下形成的,其中成岩作用是水平层间缝、构造作用是各类扩张缝和剪切缝的主导因素。      

安徽障公山地区大丘田金矿地质特征及成矿作用分析

大丘田金矿位于江南造山带北缘障公山地区,在收集、整理大量前人研究资料和勘查项目成果的基础上,通过野外地质矿产调查和钻探等地质工作方法,对矿床控矿因素和成矿机制进行了综合研究.结果表明:区内金矿主要赋存于木坑岩组碎裂石英脉中;金矿化受构造带构造控制,构造为成矿提供了热液活动条件和成矿空间;成矿流体主要为岩浆水与大气降水的...     

卡尔斯伯格脊 60°~61°E洋脊段多波束后向散射特征及其对构造与岩浆作用强度的指示

多波束声纳数据可以有效记录海底地形地貌和底质特征信息。本文利用船载多波束数据对慢速扩张的卡尔斯伯格脊60°~61°E洋脊段的典型构造地貌单元的后向散射强度特征进行了研究,在此基础上,分析了该洋脊段的构造和岩浆作用强度特征。结果表明,洋脊段I以构造拉张作用占主导,脊轴及附近后向散射强度为-29 dB左右,裂谷壁高差可达1 200 m以上,裂谷内断裂发育,裂谷侧翼高度与裂谷宽度的比值为78.7~126.2,裂谷两侧翼部线性构造较少,但轴向正断层面更宽,倾角更小;与洋脊段裂谷中段相比,末端火山活动频率较低但喷发规模较大,火山机构数量和体积也更大,且可发育深大断裂获取深部热源。洋脊段II以岩浆作用占主导,脊轴及附近后向散射强度达-35 dB,裂谷内轴向火山脊发育,裂谷壁高差小于500 m,裂谷侧翼高度与裂谷宽度的比值为77.6~116.8,裂谷两侧翼部线性构造数量众多、长宽比较大且呈近似对称,相邻线性构造之间沉积物广泛分布。通过提取挖掘与底质属性密切相关的多波束后向散射强度数据,结合海底地形地貌的分析,可以为洋中脊的构造和岩浆作用强度的定量研究提供有效的证据。     

Double-Pulse Laser-Driven Jets on OMEGA

A double-pulse laser drive is used to create episodic supersonic plasma jets that propagate into a low density ambient medium. These are among the first laser experiments to generate pulsed outflow. The temporal laser-intensity profile consists of two 1-ns square pulses separated by 9.6 ns. The laser is focused on a truncated conical plug made of medium Z material inserted into a high-Z washer. Unloading material from the plug is collimated within the cylindrical washer hole, then propagates into the low-Z foam medium. The resulting jet is denser than the ambient medium. Double-pulse jet evolution is compared to that driven by a single laser pulse. The total drive energy is the same for both jets, as if a source with fixed energy generated a jet from either one or two bursts. Radiographs taken at 100 ns show that a single-pulse jet was broader than the double-pulse jet, as predicted by hydrodynamic simulations. Since the initial shock creating the jet is stronger when all the energy arrives in a single pulse, the jet material impacts the ambient medium with higher initial velocity. Detailed comparisons between single- and double-pulsed jet rheology and shock structure are presented. 2-D hydrodynamic simulations are compared to the experimental radiographs. PACS: 52.30.−q 41.75.Jv 42.62.−b 42.68.Sq 47.40.−x 47.56.+r