湘西沃溪金锑钨矿床中白云母的矿物学研究

白云母广泛存在于矿床的各种赋矿围岩中。作者对各种地质产状及不同时期形成的白云母在矿床中的分布特征、化学成分及元素组合、晶体化学参数、晶胞参数、热分析特征、红外光谱学特征等进行了较详细的研究，找出了有矿化和无矿化及不同类型的矿化之间白云母的主要差别，确定了本矿床的白云母的标型特征，对找矿勘探具有重要的指导意义     

Origin of a magnetic lineation on Kyushu Island, Japan

Abstract Several linear magnetic anomalies over continental crust have been identified in and around the Japanese Islands. The anomalies are probably related to island arc tectonic structures, but identifying specific sources has been difficult. Several deep holes were drilled in and around Aso caldera, where a linear anomaly occurs along an active fault. One drillhole located on the linear anomaly encountered a zone of highly magnetized and altered basement rocks at least 100 m thick at a depth of ∼1000 m. The other hole was located away from the anomaly and did not encounter any high-magnetic zones. Rocks from the zone have exceptionally strong remanent magnetization (several tens of A/m) sub-parallel to the present field. AF demagnetization experiments indicated that the magnetization is hard and stable. Magnetic modeling indicates that the linear anomaly is caused mainly by this layer. Microscopic examination of core samples shows that the highly magnetized zone includes secondary magnetic minerals and abundant hydrothermal alterations. Temperatures determined by fluid inclusions and down-hole temperatures show that the temperature of the highly magnetized zone was elevated in the past relative to surrounding rocks. The high temperature could destroy primary magnetic minerals and replace them with secondary magnetic minerals. Thus, the past hydrothermal system may have enhanced thermo-chemical remanent magnetization. The results can produce a model indicating that there was a past hydrothermal system related to the tectonic structure.     

Hydrothermal alteration associated with rift zones at Fangataufa atoll (French Polynesia)

 The Mururoa and Fangataufa atoll basement consists of superimposed submarine and subaerial lava flows which have been intruded by late volcanics. The intrusions have developed large hydrothermal alteration haloes throughout the basaltic wall rock. The cuttings of the Natice-1 and Mitre-1 holes, drilled into the submarine volcanic pile at Fangataufa atoll, show a vertical zonation of clay minerals ranging from 270 to 850 m depth. The newly formed clay minerals occurring from top to bottom of the altered pile are: dioctahedral aluminous smectites, saponite, an intimate assemblage of saponite with two random chlorite/saponite mixed layers and an intimate assemblage of one random chlorite/saponite mixed-layer with one ordered chlorite/saponite mixed layer and one chlorite below 816 m depth. These clay mineral assemblages indicate a general increase in the chloritic component with depth. They are associated throughout the pile with secondary carbonates and quartz. The ∂¹⁸O and ∂¹³C of calcite and ∂¹⁸O of clay minerals, on the one hand, and the intimate mixtures of trioctahedral species, on the other, suggest a general cooling with the evolution of a paleogeothermal gradient from approximately 300  °C/km during the crystallization of chlorite to 150  °C/km for the late calcite precipitation. Received: 2 October 1995 / Accepted: 14 January 1997     

374富铀矿床蚀变带特征的初步研究

本文着重讨论374富铀矿床蚀变带的特征,指出了前提蚀变的分带性和近矿蚀变展布的一致性,蚀变带内矿物共生组合的变化与主要造矿元素含量的变化相互对应,且演变规律有序,是富矿形成的重要条件,近矿蚀变蛋黄色水云母化是最直接的找矿标志。     

江汉油田烃类微渗漏蚀变信息及提取机理

本文围绕烃类微渗漏造成地表土壤蚀变的褪红、粘土矿化和碳酸盐化等3项标志,在江汉油田进行了相关的地球化学信息和光谱信息研究。在研究土壤成分特征的基础上,提出了反映3项蚀变标志的成分因子;在研究土壤光谱特征的基础上,提出了与蚀变成分因子相关的TM波段比值因子;在成分因子及TM波段比值因子的统计分析基础上,探索从室内土壤光谱数据中提取和烃类微渗漏蚀变相关的信息,并为图像特征信息提取奠定了基础。     

γ能谱法和X-荧光法在新疆阔尔真阔腊金矿预测中的应用

使用伽玛能谱法和X—荧光法组合在残积土发育的新疆阔尔真阔腊金矿床找矿预测中的应用实践表明，这两种方法组合是一种简便、快速、有效的间接找金方法。不同类型的蚀变带，具有不同的伽玛能谱和X—荧光特征。二者的结合使用能有效地区分不同类型的热液蚀变带，同时为在阉尔真阔腊金矿区及外围进行金矿体的定位预测提供了十分有意义的资料。     

遥感蚀变信息提取应用研究

围岩蚀变是成矿作用发生的重要标志之一、从遥感图像中提取蚀变信息也成为一种重要手段、以波谱理论为基础，以遥感信息提取理论为依据，根据ETM 数据特征，选择多种遥感图像处理方法，对吉林省东部小西南岔铜金矿南山矿区(地表植被覆盖严重)、北山矿区(地表裸露)及其外围的金泉岗地区(地表植被覆盖严重)的遥感图像处理后进行彩色合成，对色调信息运用统计学原理进行评估，提取蚀变信息，经野外实地验证，取得较好的找矿效果。     

东胜地区砂岩型铀矿床后生蚀变矿物分带特征初步研究

鄂尔多斯盆地北部东胜地区砂岩型铀矿主要产在侏罗系直罗组地层中。直罗组地层可分为上、下两段 :下段又分为上、下两个亚段 ,其中下亚段主要为容矿的灰色砂岩 ;上亚段主要为灰绿色砂岩、泥岩 ;上段为杂色的中细砂岩、泥岩。笔者通过对直罗组砂岩的镜下观察研究 ,在垂向上确立了岩石的后生蚀变分带 :直罗组下段下亚段为灰色 灰白色砂岩 (含矿段 )的绿化 (Ⅰ ) (主要为长石的绿帘石化 ) 碳酸盐化带 ;上亚段为灰绿色砂岩的绿化 (Ⅱ ) (主要为黑云母绿泥石化 ,也有长石绿泥石化和绿帘石化 ) 粘土化 碳酸盐化带 ;直罗组上段杂色细砂岩的褐铁矿化 粘土化 碳酸盐化带。主要的后生蚀变作用发生在灰绿色的砂岩中。砂岩呈现灰绿色的原因主要在于含较多绿色黑云母 ,而非绿泥石 ,其本质原因在于矿物中Fe2 含量较高。砂岩层中的后生蚀变现象与铀成矿作用关系密切。     

Porosity, permeability, and fluid flow in the Yellowstone geothermal system, Wyoming

Cores from two of 13 U.S. Geological Survey research holes at Yellowstone National Park (Y-5 and Y-8) were evaluated to characterize lithology, texture, alteration, and the degree and nature of fracturing and veining. Porosity and matrix permeability measurements and petrographic examination of the cores were used to evaluate the effects of lithology and hydrothermal alteration on porosity and permeability. The intervals studied in these two core holes span the conductive zone and the upper portion of the convective geothermal reservoir. Variations in porosity and matrix permeability observed in the Y-5 and Y-8 cores are primarily controlled by lithology. Y-8 intersects three distinct lithologies: volcaniclastic sandstone, perlitic rhyolitic lava, and non-welded pumiceous ash-flow tuff. The sandstone typically has high permeability and porosity, and the tuff has very high porosity and moderate permeability, while the perlitic lava has very low porosity and is essentially impermeable. Hydrothermal self-sealing appears to have generated localized permeability barriers within the reservoir. Changes in pressure and temperature in Y-8 correspond to a zone of silicification in the volcaniclastic sandstone just above the contact with the perlitic rhyolite; this silicification has significantly reduced porosity and permeability. In rocks with inherently low matrix permeability (such as densely welded ash-flow tuff), fluid flow is controlled by the fracture network. The Y-5 core hole penetrates a thick intracaldera section of the 0.6-Ma Lava Creek ash-flow tuff. In this core, the degree of welding appears to be responsible for most of the variations in porosity, matrix permeability, and the frequency of fractures and veins. Fractures are most abundant within the more densely welded sections of the tuff. However, the most prominent zones of fracturing and mineralization are associated with hydrothermal breccias within densely welded portions of the tuff. These breccia zones represent transient conduits of high fluid flow that formed by the explosive release of overpressure in the underlying geothermal reservoir and that were subsequently sealed by supersaturated geothermal fluids. In addition to this fracture sealing, hydrothermal alteration at Yellowstone appears generally to reduce matrix permeability and focus flow along fractures, where multiple pulses of fluid flow and self-sealing have occurred.     

中国煤和烃源岩镜质组的激光诱导荧光显微特征及其应用

应用自行组装的激光诱导荧光显微光度计(LIFM)系统地研究了中国煤和烃源岩中镜质组的荧光强度及荧光变化，建立了镜质组的荧光变化与成熟度之间的相关模式图(R-I-VRo)，该图可解决镜质组反射率抑制问题，并将烃源岩成熟度评价范围扩展到VRo达2．0％左右，该方法对于正确评价烃源岩成熟度具有广泛的应用前景。