Porphyry Cu–Au mineralisation associated with a multi-phase intrusion, and related replacement fronts in limestones in an island arc setting near the Gümü hane village (Artvin) in the Eastern Black Sea Province (Turkey)

The Gümü hane area near Artvin is highly characteristic due to a significant hydrothermal alteration zone genetically associated with a microdiorite stock and its late-stage derivatives in the form of porphyry plugs that intruded into all the pre-Middle Eocene lithologies. The porphyry intrusion is multi-stage, intermediate to felsic in composition, and divided into pre-ore feldspar porphyries and quartz–feldspar porphyries, syn-ore feldspar–amphibole porphyries, and post-ore feldspar porphyries. Sericitic alteration is dominant, but K-silicate alteration is also observed and is characterised mainly by secondary feldspars, biotites, quartz, anhydrite, magnetite and pyrite veinlets. The central part of the alteration and the porphyry system where syn-ore feldspar–amphibole porphyry outcrops coincides with intense quartz stock-working with anomalous but uneconomical Cu and Au values. In this zone, pyrite is ubiquitous and is accompanied by chalcopyrite and lesser sphalerite, sulphosalts, molybdenite, bornite and magnetite. Chemical analyses of surface and drill core samples show that overall Au and Cu values are around 0.5 ppm and 0.3%, respectively, and that they are in the ranges of 1–2 ppm and 0.3–0.4%, respectively, in the densest stock-work zones.Multi-phase intrusion of porphyries into Late Cretaceous limestone also caused replacement fronts along re-crystallised limestone and porphyry contacts. This type of mineralisation is enriched in Mn, Zn, Cu, Au and Ba, and contains on average 4.7% MnO, 3.2% FeO, 3.1% Zn, 0.95% Cu, 0.3% Pb, 200 ppb Au, 900 ppm Bi and 660 ppm Ba, present in Fe- and Mn-oxides, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and lesser bornite, sulphosalts and gold. Supergene oxidation is well developed in these zones.Hydrothermal alteration mass change calculations reflect an intimate relationship between the two types of mineralisation. The lithologies near mineralised fronts are highly depleted in MnO and Zn, and the intensity of depletion is reduced away from the contact into the porphyry. The leached elements are added to the re-crystallised limestone block in which MnO and Zn show an 81-fold and 472-fold increase, respectively, over the least altered limestone. Au and Cu are enriched along the contact both in the porphyry and in the limestone, implying that they may have been derived either from other lithologies in the vicinity or the magma itself.     

Spectral discrimination of hydrothermally altered materials using ASTER short-wave infrared bands: Evaluation in a tropical savannah environment

ASTER short-wave infrared bands were used to investigate the spectral discrimination of hydrothermally altered materials, based on the presence of minerals with diagnostic spectral features in wavelengths around 2200 nm (e.g. kaolinite and K-micas). Due to the presence of widespread albitized-greisenized materials, the Serra do Mendes granitoid, located in area of tropical savannah environment in Central Brazil, was selected for this study. The Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) technique was used as an attempt to detect the presence of hydroxyl-bearing minerals in the domain of the hydrothermally altered materials. Results indicated that areas of altered materials were discriminated from the surrounding mainly due to the high overall reflectance of the whitish lithosols in these areas. The detection of hydroxyl-bearing minerals was blurred by the presence of a sparse grass cover in the alteration zone, which caused a slight increase in the SAM classification angles. As a consequence, the remote detection of hydroxyl-bearing minerals was restricted to a small number of pixels from barren areas. Results indicate that, for the environmental conditions of the study area, ASTER data are more efficacious for spectral characterization of rock–soil-vegetation associations than for the detection of alteration-derived minerals.     

矿化信息提取定量遥感模型的建立——以鹰嘴山硅化蚀变为例

研究选择围岩蚀变复杂,种类丰富的甘肃鹰嘴山金矿,目的是建立该区硅化信息提取的定量遥感模型。通过对实测地物光谱数据、岩矿石化学组分分析、微量金分析结果等岩矿石多元数据的聚类分析、相关分析和因子分析,找到了提取硅化蚀变的最佳组合变量,并通过建立它们之间线性回归方程的方式,建立了该区硅化蚀变的定量遥感模型:S iO2=85.047TM5/TM7-4.348TM5/TM4 16.51TM5/TM3-41.866 R=0.703。以该模型为指导,对Landsat TM遥感影像数据进行增强处理,定量提取出了该区金矿化异常信息。经实际验证,其结果与实际情况吻合度好,可为与该区地质背景类似的阿尔金东段和北祁连西段早古生代海相火山岩地区的金矿普查与勘探提供参考依据。     

Mapping Supergene／Hypogene Alteration Signatures with Landsat ETM＋ Data. Paishanlou Gold Mine, Liaoning Province, China

INTRODUCTIONInterpretation of Boxworks and Leached OutcropsSupergene alteration (or weathering), of sulfidesystems yields many products, which, if exposed atthe earth's surface, allow some interpretation of orig inal minerals present, which in turn, provide insightsinto the ore deposit at depth (Blanchard, 2003; Lillesand Kiefer, 2000; Anderson, 1982). These super gene products include secondary ore minerals, box works and other textures; various oxides, hydrox ides, …     

内蒙古东胜砂岩型铀矿床形成条件与成矿作用

鄂尔多斯盆地是中国煤、油、气、铀四大能源集一体的最大能源盆地之一,是统一在华北地台的太古宙、元古宙古老结晶岩系及古生代海、湖相台盆基础上,于中生代从华北地块分异出来并发育的中—新生代山前凹陷盆地。中—新生代盆地经历了台盆发育、断块活动及盆后活动阶段。本文分析了中—新生代盆地放射性铀成矿盆地地质及地球化学有利条件,铀的丰度(4.71×10-6～34.3×10-6)是上地壳平均丰度,甚至高出一个数量级。阐述了东胜铀矿容矿层的岩石学特征,成岩—后生—低温热液矿化蚀变特征。分析了与铀成矿作用密切相关、呈面型展布、分别产于矿体上、下盘的绿色化及漂白色蚀变形成与深盆气密切成因关系。矿床矿化蚀变作用具有:多期次多阶段成矿特点、矿化矿物组合复杂、矿化形式多样、成矿温度具低温热液特点(70～120℃)、绿色化及漂白色蚀变具面型分布,矿床属于沉积预富集—古层间氧化淋滤—后生二次还原与交代砂岩型铀矿床。     

河南前河金矿岩石矿物特征

前河金矿属构造蚀变岩型。容矿岩石为正长斑岩，矿体大小不等，控矿破碎带内的岩石曾经受到早期塑性变形和晚期脆性变形两个阶段。容矿岩石及矿体围岩曾受多次热液蚀变作用，可分为三个成矿期：岩浆热液期、表生期和沉积期。岩浆热液期为最主要的成矿期，由四个矿化阶段组成。一种富铁黄铜矿在金矿石中广泛存在，可作为金矿石的指示矿物。     

MNF与MAD变换相结合的城市扩展研究

针对传统变化检测方法存在的缺陷，将最小噪声比率变换(Minimum Noise Fraction, MNF)和多元变化检测(Multivariate Alteration Detection, MAD)方法应用于东营市城市扩展分析。从MNF和MAD变换获得的影像中提取的二值图像可知，检测结果总体精度达到90.1%，Kappa系数为0.802，证明了本文方法在变化区域检测方面的可操作性和有效性。     

蚀变带元素地球化学成矿预测法——以金龙山微细浸染型金矿为例

金矿化作用常伴随围岩蚀变,且多受断裂控制,反映在地球化学上出现某些元素的异常晕。在已发现一定矿(化)体并掌握一般控矿特征的地区,利用已有工程经科学的组合采样(主要在蚀变带范围内连续检块采样),分析有关指示元素,总结有关的地球化学指标,建立地球化学预测模式(从元素异常特征或线金属量、地球化学指标或元素比值、逐步回归方程估值等三方面),对已知矿(化)体及外围异常进行地球化学评价研究,这就是蚀变带元素地球化学成矿预测法。该方法在秦岭南坡金龙山微细浸染型金矿上应用,有较好的效果。本方法的预测是半定量或定性的,回归分析估值是近似定量的,同时也是有效的,低成本的。     

河南秋树湾角砾岩型铜矿特征及成矿作用

秋树湾铜钼矿床位于北秦岭造山带南侧靠近商丹断裂,铜矿赋存于北山角砾岩筒中,黄铜矿发育于角砾岩胶结物中。金属矿物简单,主要为黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿、闪锌矿和辉钼矿。矿石铅、硫同位素等表明成矿物质与深源浅成小斑岩体有关。氢氧同位素以及包裹体成分指示大气降水参与了成矿作用。铜钼矿形成于统一的接触交代成矿作用体系,后期热液使早期形成的矽卡岩发生退化蚀变并形成铜矿。     

遥感构造蚀变生态景观研究及在陕西金矿找矿中的应用

本文针对秦岭成矿带中部金矿遥感地质特征,特别是主导控矿因素特点,在详细分析区内地物反射光谱特征曲线的基础上,提出“遥感构造蚀变生态景观”新方法,制定合理的计算机图像处理方案,提取构造蚀变和植被毒化等对金矿预测有贡献的有效信息,然后进行金矿成矿远景预测,取得了成功的尝试。