西藏谢通门县雄村斑岩型铜金矿集区Ⅰ号矿体的蚀变与矿化特征

雄村斑岩型铜金矿集区位于西藏冈底斯成矿带,是目前该带上发现的唯一一个与新特提斯洋壳早期俯冲作用有关的斑岩型铜金矿区,由Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号铜金矿体组成.雄村Ⅰ号铜金矿体具有规模大、蚀变强烈、富金银而贫钼的特点,其蚀变-矿化系统受中-晚侏罗世侵入于雄村组凝灰岩中的多个含眼球状石英斑晶的角闪石英闪长玢岩岩枝的控制,矿体即赋存于玢岩...     

Pyrite–anhydrite–magnetite–pyroxene-type deposits and coexisting hydrothermal fluids in Mesozoic volcanic basins, Yangtze River Valley, China

Anhydrite–pyrite–magnetite–pyroxene–type deposits occur in the Mesozoic volcanic areas of the Middle–Lower Yangtze Valley in China. These deposits are hosted in alkaline basaltic rocks, and are generally accompanied by melanocratic and leucocratic alteration zones, both of which are characterized by a distinct vertical zonation pattern. Investigation of these zones indicates that the chemical compositions of solid solutions and polymorphs of various minerals vary spatially in the alteration profile, upwards from the lowest level, and outwards from the center.Here we report a case study on the Luohe deposit. In the melanocratic-alteration zone, the composition of magnetite (including trace elements Ti, V, Mg, Mn), pyroxene (Mg, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Al₂O₃), plagioclase (An_xAb_{1 − x}), pyrite (Co, Ni) and apatite (F, CeO₂ + Y₂O₃ + La₂O₃) changes with depth. The isotherms of hydrothermal fluids determined from fluid inclusion data, including homogenization temperature and salinity, also vary with depth.Activity diagrams were constructed from mineral and isotherm analysis to estimate the chemical constraints on the alteration-mineral assemblages and the coexisting hydrothermal solutions for the Na₂O–K₂O–CaO–MgO–FeO–Fe₂O₃–A1₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂SO₄–H₂S–HCI–H₂O system at 350 to 600 °C and 500 bars (50 MPa), assuming that the major alteration mineral assemblages along the profile reflect the nature of the coexisting hydrothermal solutions. The activity diagrams adopted the major minerals as buffers to fix the activities of the aqueous species in the system, simulating the physicochemical conditions of the magnetite–anhydrite–pyroxene equilibrium and of solid solutions of diopside–hedenbergite, grossular–andradite and anorthite–albite found in the profile.This study provides an approach to modeling the chemical constraints of coexisting fluids in ore-alteration zones based on field observations.     

碳酸盐沉积物的成岩作用

化学沉淀碳酸盐矿物在沉积后很容易受到各种作用的影响,其中最重要的是其在成岩阶段所经历的成岩作用.碳酸盐沉积物在成岩过程中主要受大气降水、海水和埋藏过程中孔隙流体的控制,经历一系列压实、溶解、矿物的多相转变、重结晶、胶结等成岩作用,逐渐转变为固结的岩石.在成岩过程中,由于孔隙流体与沉积流体之间的异同以及温度的变化,碳酸盐沉积物的原始矿物成分、地球化学特征可能会很好的保存下来,但在许多情况下,也可能会改变,从而使我们无法准确反演碳酸盐沉积物在沉积时水体的特征.因此,我们在应用碳酸盐岩重建相关古环境和古气候变化的时候,必须要通过有效的方法来对碳酸盐岩是否受到成岩作用的影响进行鉴定.     

居隆庵铀矿床蚀变分带及其地球化学特征

以产于碎斑流纹岩中的铀矿化蚀变为例,对居隆庵铀矿床蚀变分带及其地球化学特征进行了系统研究,将该区蚀变分成5个带。地球化学研究表明,围岩蚀变过程中元素迁移、富集有明显的规律;常量元素（Ca、Mg、K、S）、微量元素（Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Th、Mo、W、F）和稀土元素（REE）有明显富集;亲硫元素是铀成矿作用的指示元素;成矿过程至少经历了两次热液活动;成矿流体具有还原性和深源性。     

新疆白杨河铀铍矿床围岩蚀变及其地球化学特征

文章阐述了新疆白杨河铀铍矿床的近矿围岩蚀变特征,指出与矿化关系密切的围岩蚀变主要是赤铁矿化和萤石化。矿床岩石地球化学分析结果表明,靠近矿化中心带蚀变岩石的SiO2含量降低,而CaO、MgO的含量升高;Pb、Mo和Sb等元素含量与铀矿化具有正相关性,是该矿床铀富集的良好指示性标志。     

Application of organic petrology and geochemistry to coal waste studies

Coal wastes produced during mining activities are commonly deposited in nearby dumps. These wastes mostly composed of minerals and variable amounts (usually 20-30%) of organic matter start to weather immediately after deposition. Oxidation of the organic matter can lead to self heating and self combustion as a result of organic and mineral matter transformations. The degree of alteration depends on the properties of the wastes, i.e., the maceral and microlithotype composition of the organic matter and its rank.Alteration of wastes also depends on the heating history, i.e., the rate of heating, final heating temperature, duration of heating, and the degree of air access. Although air is probably necessary to initiate and drive the heating processes, these usually take place under relatively oxygen depleted conditions. With slow heating, color of organic matter particles changes, irregular cracks and oxidation rims develop around edges and cracks, and bitumen is expelled. As a result, massive and detritic isotropic and strongly altered organic matter forms. On the other hand, higher heating rates cause the formation of devolatilization pores, oxidation rims around these pores and along cracks, vitrinite-bands-mantling particles, and bitumen expulsions.Organic compounds generated from the wastes include n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, alkylcyclohexanes, acyclic isoprenoids, mainly pristane, phytane and, in some cases, farnesane, sesquiterpanes, tri- and tetracyclic diterpanes, tri- and pentacyclic triterpanes, and steranes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (mostly with two- to five rings, rarely six rings), and phenols. The compounds formed change during the heating history. The fact that phenols are found in dumps where heating has not yet been completed, but are absent in those where heating ceased previously suggests the presence of water washing. The organic compounds formed may migrate within the dumps. However, when they migrate out of the dumps, they become a hazard to environment.This paper is a review on transformations of organic matter (both maceral composition and reflectance and chemical composition) in coal wastes deposited in coal waste dumps. Immediately after deposition the wastes are exposed to weathering conditions and sometimes undergo self heating processes.     

青海玉树东莫扎抓铅锌矿床围岩蚀变和黄铁矿-闪锌矿矿物学特征及意义

青海玉树地区的东莫扎抓铅锌矿床是"三江"沉积岩容矿贱金属成矿带中的重要矿床之一.矿区过去研究鉴定出多种蚀变类型和矿物种类,但不同蚀变在矿区的空间分布特征、不同矿物中元素含量特点、矿物相互之间的时间和空间关系均不清楚,从而导致所指示的找矿意义也不明确.为此,作者进行了系统岩矿石光薄片的显微镜下鉴定、矿区主要硫化物--黄铁...     

基于混合像元分解提取多种类覆盖区遥感蚀变信息 ——以甘肃省岷县寨上金矿区为例

在多种类覆盖区,由于植被、河道、阴影、第四系等干扰因素影响,难于客观有效提取与成矿有关的遥感蚀变信息。应用混合像元分解的方法技术可以区分出混合像元中各类干扰信息的反射率值及其所占丰度值,从混合像元光谱中减去各干扰因素的反射率值及其所占份额,可以获取土壤或岩石的反射率值及其所占丰度值,将土壤或岩石反射率值除以其所占的份额...     

云南香格里拉春都斑岩铜矿区围岩蚀变及矿化特征

春都斑岩铜矿床地处著名的印支期中甸-义敦岛弧成矿带南端。矿区出露闪长玢岩-花岗闪长斑岩复式岩体,成矿岩体为印支晚期的花岗闪长斑岩。围绕成矿岩体,围岩蚀变强烈,蚀变分带明显,由中心向外,依次出现硅化钾化带→绢英岩化带→硅化带→硅化黑云母化带→青磐岩化带→绢云母化及泥化带。区内蚀变与矿化关系密切,蚀变类型决定矿化程度,蚀变...     

激发极化法在冰湖沟金矿区找矿中的应用

冰湖沟金矿区岩浆活动频繁、构造较为发育,区内有Ⅴ号角砾岩等赋矿岩体.角砾岩体矿化规模大,离矿体越近,矿化蚀变越强.标本测定表明,角砾岩体矿化蚀变后极化率显著增大,因此本区具有开展激电找矿工作的物性基础.在该区开展的激电工作成果得到了钻孔验证,指导了该区的地质找矿工作.