人工智能时代的测绘工程教育改革

人工智能技术发展至今,已掀起了第三次浪潮。人工智能时代的到来必将推动测绘工程教育的改革。本文从人工智能技术的发展历程出发,阐述了人工智能在测绘行业的应用现状和发展趋势,分析了人工智能对教育行业的影响,探讨了人工智能与高等教育相结合的应用前景。结合测绘工程高等教育的现状,分别从培养理念、知识结构、教学方法和创新能力4个方面构建了人工智能时代测绘工程专业的教育改革体系,为探索我国测绘工程高等教育同人工智能的深度融合提供理论参考和经验借鉴。     

Advanced processing techniques for remotely sensed imagery

综述了遥感影像信息处理技术的研究进展,主要包括高分辨率影像信息提取技术、影像超分辨率、高光谱影像处理和目标探测,以及遥感影像处理与分类的人工智能方法.对于高分辨率影像处理,从纹理、形状、结构和对象的角度探讨了空间信息提取对于高分辨率影像解译的意义和作用,分析了小波纹理、空间共生纹理、形状特征提取和面向对象分类技术的进展和存在的问题;对于超分辨率技术,文章主要介绍了超分辨率技术的最新进展,及其在遥感影像(sPOT5和MODIS)中的应用;在高光谱数据处理方面,从纯净像元和混合像元两方面介绍了最新的进展.对于纯净像元方法.主要分析了植被指数和统计方法,混合像元方面,则主要分析了像元分解、端元提取的最新技术方法;在智能化信息处理方面,先回顾了神经网络和遗传算法在遥感图像处理中的应用,然后介绍了人工免疫系统对多、高光谱遥感影像分类研究的最新进展.     

Interactive spatiotemporal modelling of health systems: the SEKS–GUI framework

This paper describes the spatiotemporal epistematics knowledge synthesis and graphical user interface (SEKS–GUI) framework and its application in medical geography problems. Based on sound theoretical reasoning, the interactive software library of SEKS–GUI explores heterogeneous (spatially non-homogeneous and temporally non-stationary) health attribute distributions (disease incidence, mortality, human exposure, epidemic propagation etc.); expresses the health system’s dependence structure using (ordinary and generalized) spatiotemporal covariance models; synthesizes core knowledge bases, empirical evidence and multi-sourced system uncertainty; and generates a meaningful picture of the real-world system using space–time dependent probability functions and associated maps of health attributes. The implementation stages of the SEKS–GUI library are described in considerable detail using appropriate screens. The wide applicability of SEKS–GUI is demonstrated by reviewing a selection of real-world case studies. An erratum to this article can be found at     

复杂条件下大型洞室群施工反馈分析集成智能系统研究

地下工程具有复杂性和不确定性的特点,大型洞室群施工反馈分析需要综合经验知识、统计分析和数值模拟等多种手段。在介绍反馈分析流程和多种反馈分析方法基础上,提出的包括数据库、知识库、模型库和推理机的IDSS框架的反馈分析的集成智能系统,并基于PB和VC++平台进行了程序的初步开发。通过在水布垭电站地下厂房的施工反馈分析中应用表明,该系统模式和开发策略是可行的。     

建设数字孪生城市的逻辑与创新思考

介绍了数字孪生城市的提出背景以及基本概念,分析了数字孪生城市与智慧城市之间的关系,并介绍了构建数字孪生城市的主要支撑技术,最后总结了数字孪生城市的应用现状及发展趋势。作者认为,数字孪生技术要在智慧城市建设中得以更广泛的应用还将面临数据、基础知识库、系统融合以及人才问题等方面的挑战,并从宏观与微观层面提出解决这些问题的制度路径和技术路径。     

维基的词条质量检测研究

分析了维基百科的基本现状,尤其是关于维基词条质量的统计分析结论,研究了维基百科中＂基于相关性分析＂和＂基于模型＂这两种词条质量检测方法,讨论了其对群体智能研究的启示及开放性问题。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Women, Work, and Ideology in the Third World . Haleh Afshar, ed. The Birth of the National Park Service. The Founding Years 1913–33 . Horace M. Albright Theatres of Accumulation: Studies in Asian and Latin American Urbanization . Warwick Armstrong and T.G. McGee. New Tools for Social Scientists, Advances and Applications in Research Methods . William D. Berry and Michael S. Lewis -Beck , eds . Uncertain Dimensions: Western Overseas Empires in the Twentieth Century . Raymond F. Betts. Geography of Sugar Cane . Helmut Blume. The Mines of Neptune: Minerals and Metals from the Sea . Elisabeth Mann Borgese. Geographical Dimensions of Energy . F.J. Calzonetti and B.D. Solomon, eds. Statistical Methods for Geographers . W. A. V. Clark and P. L. Hosking. In The Wake of Columbus, Islands and Controversy . John DeVorsey, Jr., and John Parker, eds. Housing, States and Localities . Peter Dickens, Simon Duncan, Mark Goodwin and Fred Gray. Physician Location and Specialty Choice . Richard L. Ernst and Donald E. Yett. Practical Ecology for Geography and Biology: Survey, Mapping, and Data Analysis . D.D. Gilbertson , M. Kent and F.B. Pyatt Large Scale Water Transfers: Emerging Environmental and Social Experiences . Genady N. Golubev and Asit K. Biswas, eds. The Nature of the Environment . Andrew Goudie. Planning for Population Change . W.T.S. Gould and R. Lawton. The Niger and its Neighbors: Environmental History and Hydrobiology. Human Use and Health Hazards of the Major West African Rivers . A.T. Grove, ed. Remote Sensing of Ice and Snow . Dorothy K. Hall and Jaroslav Martinec. Atlas of Antebellum Southern Agriculture . Sam Bowers Hilliard. Galilee Divided; The Israel-Lebanon Frontier, 1916-1984 . Frederic C. Hor . Plains Country Towns . John C. Hudson. Agricultural Geography: A Social and Economic Analysis . Brian W. Ilbery. Industry in the 1980s: Structural Change and Interdependence . U.N. Industrial Development Organization. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States . Kenneth T. Jackson. The Industrial Geography of Italy . Russell King. Studies in Linguistic Geography: The Dialects of English in Britain and Ireland . John M. Kirk, Stewart Sanderson, J.D.A. Widdowson, eds. Tourism: A Community Approach . Peter E. Murphy. Cities and Services: The Geography of Collective Consumption . Steven Pinch. An Historical Geography of Europe 1800–1914 . Norman J. G. Pounds. An Introduction to Human Ecology Research on Agricultural Systems in Southeast Asia . A. Terry Rambo and Percy E. Sajise, eds. Discovering Past Landscapes . Michael Reed, ed. Managing the Ocean: Resources, Research, Law . Jacques G. Richardson, ed. Carta fitosociologica de la transecta botanica de la Patagonia Austral . F.A. Roig , Juan Anchorema , Orlando Dollenz , A.M. Faggi and Eduardo Mandez Intermetropolitan Migration in Canada: Changing Determinants over Three Decades . R. Paul Shaw. Chinese Cities—The Growth of the Metropolis since 1949 . Victor F. Sit, ed. Urbanization in the World-Economy . Michael Timberlake, ed. The Al Business: Commercial Uses of Artificial Intelligence . Patrick H. Winston and Karen A. Prendergast, eds.     

Galactic gradients, postbiological evolution and the apparent failure of SETI

Motivated by recent developments impacting our view of Fermi’s Paradox (the absence of extraterrestrials and their manifestations from our past light cone), we suggest a reassessment of the problem itself, as well as of strategies employed by the various SETI projects so far. The need for such reassessment is fueled not only by the failure of SETI thus far, but also by great advances recently made in astrophysics, astrobiology, computer science and future studies. As a result, we consider the effects of the observed metallicity and temperature gradients in the Milky Way galaxy on the spatial distribution of hypothetical advanced extraterrestrial intelligent communities. While properties of such communities and their sociological and technological preferences are, obviously, unknown at present, we assume that (1) they operate in agreement with the known laws of physics and (2) at some point in their history they typically become motivated by a meta-principle embodying the central role of information-processing; a prototype of the latter is the recently suggested Intelligence Principle of Steven J. Dick. There are specific conclusions of practical interest to astrobiological and SETI endeavors to be drawn from the coupling of these reasonable assumptions with the astrophysical and astrochemical structure of the spiral disk of our galaxy. In particular, we suggest that the outer regions of the Galactic disk are the most likely locations for advanced SETI targets, and that sophisticated intelligent communities will tend to migrate outward through the Galaxy as their capacities of information-processing increase, for both thermodynamical and astrochemical reasons. However, the outward movement is limited by the decrease in matter density in the outer Milky Way. This can also be regarded as a possible generalization of the galactic habitable zone (GHZ), concept currently being investigated in astrobiology.     

桥基隧道明挖施工多元信息集成智能方法与应用

针对大连地铁香工街车站明挖施工邻接桥桩的问题,构建施工远程信息自动化监测体系,进行静力水准仪、电子测斜仪、电子轴力计等传感器布置,获得施工过程多元信息。基于Visual C#.Net平台自主开发了集成智能分析系统,引入支持向量机和差异进化算法,建立三维力学参数反分析和时间序列预测方法。该软件系统包括数据操作、反馈分析、数据报警和可视化输出的模块。将该方法系统应用于大连地铁香工街车站施工过程,进行多元信息采集,利用实际监测的信息数据,调用系统差异进化算法进行第2层和第3层岩石弹性参数搜索,反馈计算值与监测值的最大相对误差为8.23%,进而简化了倒换撑方案。然后通过对QCJ-13-01桥墩监测数据的DE-SVM非线性时间序列预测和超前报警,及时采取隔离桩措施,有效地控制了桥桩变形。该方法系统集自动化远程监测硬件技术和计算智能分析功能于一体,为类似复杂地下工程信息化施工提供先进有效的途径。