Constraining models of the tectonic setting of the giant Olympic Dam iron oxide–copper–gold deposit, South Australia, using deep seismic reflection data

In the Gawler Craton, the completeness of cover concealing the crystalline basement in the region of the giant Olympic Dam Cu–Au deposit has impeded any sufficient understanding of the crustal architecture and tectonic setting of its IOCG mineral-system. To circumvent this problem, deep seismic reflection data were recently acquired from  250 line-km of two intersecting traverses, centered on the Olympic Dam deposit. The data were recorded to 18 s TWT ( 55 km). The crust consists of Neoproterozoic cover, in places more than 5 km thick, over crystalline basement with the Moho at depths of 13–14 s TWT ( 40–42 km). The Olympic Dam deposit lies on the boundary between two distinct pieces of crust, one interpreted as the Archean–Paleoproterozoic core to the craton, the other as a Meso–Neoproterozoic mobile belt. The host to the deposit, a member of the  1590 Ma Hiltaba Suite of granites, is situated above a zone of reduced impedance contrast in the lower crust, which we interpret to be source-region for its  1000 °C magma. The crystalline basement is dominated by thrusts. This contrasts with widely held models for the tectonic setting of Olympic Dam, which predict extension associated with heat from the mantle producing the high temperatures required to generate the Hiltaba Suite granites implicated in mineralization. We use the seismic data to test four hypotheses for this heat-source: mantle underplating, a mantle-plume, lithospheric extension, and radioactive heating in the lower crust. We reject the first three hypotheses. The data cannot be used to reject or confirm the fourth hypothesis.     

基于数字图像处理技术的冰川堆积物粒度分析——以川西贡嘎山冰川堆积物为例

冰川堆积物的粒度组成在很大程度上控制了其物理力学性质,但常规试验无法得到连续的冰川堆积物的粒度组成数据.应用数字图像处理技术和室内试验相结合的分析方法,首先借助图像处理技术,对冰川堆积物剖面的砾石形态进行分析.获取粗粒部分(>2cm)的粒度组成,然后采用室内颗分试验获得细粒(<2cm)部分的粒度组成,将2类粒度数据进行叠合即可获取连续的冰川堆积物的粒度组成.结果表明:研究区冰ill堆积物的粒度组成极不均匀且颗粒分析曲线呈现多峰性,具有良好的级配和工程性质;冰川堆积物的粒度组成、砾石形态和排列特征都有很好的分形特征.     

Heterogeneous aquitard properties in sedimentary successions in the Apennine chain: case studies in southern Italy

The aim of this study was to analyse the hydrogeologic role of siliciclastic deposits and marly‐clayey‐calcareous successions within the carbonate Apennine chain (southern Italy). The study was carried out along the northern part of the Matese carbonate massif through (1) the hydraulic characterization of siliciclastic rocks in a test site, by means of Lugeon tests, and (2) the identification of the groundwater flow system discharging at an important spring located within a marly‐clayey‐calcareous succession in a second test site, by means of isotopic investigations. The results showed that the investigated siliciclastic deposits and marly‐clayey‐calcareous successions may allow significant groundwater discharge from carbonate aquifers. Thus, they do not everywhere behave as aquitard, contrary to the previous model. Instead, groundwater flows through the upper part of these successions, where stress release fracturing enhanced rock permeability in the near‐surface bedrock. Thus, these successions may locally be a new groundwater source within the southern Apennine chain. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

河南省卢氏县八宝山铜矿床地质特征及成因

河南省卢氏县八宝山岩体属晚侏罗世中酸性浅成小岩体。结合前人研究成果,通过研究该矿区地质特征和物化探成果,结合本次普查中对成矿理论的实地钻探工程验证,研究认为八宝山矿床类型为斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床,且矿床由内向外具有明显的高中低温分带性,矿床三种分带围绕岩体呈环状分布。成矿模式为以岩体中心相为中心至外侧边缘相,依次为斑岩型-矽卡岩型-热液型三条环带模式。研究区最新提交备案成果（普查）：铁矿石量2389.10万吨,硫铁矿石量334.00万吨,铜金属量108962,提交一中型铜矿床。通过研究该矿床成因及成矿模式,为研究区资源储量提升找到工作靶区,也为寻找相同类型矿床或者附近隐伏矿床提供借鉴依据。     

陕西小秦岭金矿的富化与动力成矿作用的关系

本文用动力成矿观点对小秦岭金矿田富矿体的形成提出了新的解释,对本区的动力成矿特点作了较详细的说明。文中联系到地壳演化的不同阶段对金矿的富化过程进行了较深入的讨论,并提出了新的成矿系列。笔者以基础地质、大地构造和同位素年龄资料为依据对小秦岭金矿田含金石英脉的成因提出了与前人不同的新观点,认为它是晋宁晚期岩浆期后热液矿床。     

Thermal doming-extension metallogenic system of Jiaodong type gold depositsSCIEI北大核心CSCD

胶东型金矿具有独特的成矿特征和成因机制,不同于国际已知金矿类型。为了深化认识控制矿床形成、变化和保存的地质要素及成矿过程,本文综合分析了胶东半岛晚中生代岩浆作用、构造活动和成矿特征及其构造背景,提出该区深部岩浆活动与地壳快速隆升及浅部变质核杂岩、张性断层、断陷盆地等伸展构造,共同控制了以Au为主的矿床成矿系列及成矿演化过程,谓之热隆-伸展成矿系统。阐明了晚中生代岩浆演化过程中的元素变化规律,发现了金矿化蚀变带中的低Ba、Sr含量异常及早白垩世胶东地壳中金丰度的显著变化,揭示了壳幔物质混合和伟德山型花岗岩岩浆活动对金成矿的贡献。认为这一成矿系统形成于古太平洋板块俯冲后撤的后俯冲伸展环境,由于软流圈上涌导致岩石圈地幔性质由富集向亏损转化,从而引起岩浆岩地球化学特征变化,地球化学元素重新调整,幔源含金流体与由重熔下地壳析出的壳源含金流体混合形成富金流体库,并产生贫金花岗岩。大规模岩浆活动为成矿元素的活化、迁移提供了热动力条件,上地壳伸展产生的断裂构造则为成矿元素聚集提供了良好空间。热隆-伸展成矿系统是中国东部晚中生代重要的成矿系统。     

济州岛西南泥质区粒度组分变化的古环境应用

利用激光粒度仪对位于东海陆架济州岛西南泥质区的B2孔进行了沉积物粒度分析,根据标准偏差变化检出了B2孔含有4个粒度组分：〉65．6、65．6～10．5、10．5～1．3和〈1．3μm,其中〉65．6μm粗组分含量很低,主要是以底栖有孔虫为主的生源沉积．各组分平均粒径和粒度含量随孔深的变化显示了65．6～10．5μm组分在B2孔含量较高（21％～30％）,变化最明显,是该孔对环境变化最敏感的粒度组分．研究表明该敏感组分的粒度含量和平均粒径变化主要受东亚冬季风的强弱变化制约,其变化恢复的近2ka来东亚冬季风变化和中国东部气候变化序列具有很好的一致性,证明65．6～10．5μm粒度组分可以作为东亚冬季风的替代指标．     

传统填图法在半覆盖区的改进——第四系岩性填图法

传统地质填图方法一般按成因划分第四系填图单位,但在半覆盖区,往往存在第四系不同成因物质混杂堆积的现象,若按成因划分填图单位,则会造成混乱。笔者在填图实践中,尝试按岩性划分第四系填图单位,这一做法能避免这种混乱,且有利于第四系中基岩信息的发掘,并能为勘查地球化学工作提供景观依据,这种新式填图方法可称为"第四系岩性填图法"。用岩性划分第四系填图单位需要使用统一的分类命名方案,本文使用了按碎屑特征进行分类的方案,主要考虑第四系松散堆积中碎屑的粒径、形态和含量变化。第四系岩性填图法中填图单位的划分需要参照这一分类命名方案,并可选用颜色、构造、次要碎屑类型等修饰性要素做为辅助划分依据。填图单位划分一般在踏勘和剖面实测中完成,第四系岩性填图法剖面测制较为复杂,除采用传统垂向测制方法外,还需运用横向测法和横向-垂向联合测法,通过剖面工作,可细化填图单位划分方案,并可评价不同填图单元基岩恢复的可靠性。第四系岩性填图法除需要编制传统地质图外,还需要编制基岩推断地质图或是在报告中制作插图以阐述此成果。     

中国中元古代裂谷作用及其对层控铜矿床的控制

本文以中国几个重要的层控铜矿为例,并以东川式铜矿及其成矿构造背景——昆阳拗拉谷为重点,分析了它们的大地构造背景和其它地质特征,指出它们均受裂谷—拗拉谷或类似的拉张-裂陷构造所控制,并归纳了这类矿床的主要特征。     

Classification of Mineral Resources Associated and Accompanied with Coal Measures

The paper discusses the concept of mineral resources associated with coal measures. A rational and scientific classification of such mineral resources becomes more necessary with the development of science and technology. A classification scheme is proposed based on compositions and physical properties and the utilization of these associated minerals.