小秦岭—熊耳山地区燕山期大规模成矿的地球动力学背景

基于小秦岭-熊耳山地区多金属矿床辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄、矿物40Ar-39Ar年龄、高精度矿物和岩石Rb-Sr等时线测年数据,以及与成矿相关花岗岩的SHRIMP测年数据的分析和研究,认为小秦岭-熊耳山地区燕山期大规模成矿作用主要出现在140Ma和120 Ma两个时期,其中钼钨铅锌矿系列主要形成于早成矿期,金矿形成于晚成矿期.根据与这两个成矿期所对应的岩浆热事件,说明是两期岩浆活动的结果, 其所对应的地球动力学背景分别为构造体制大转换和岩石圈大规模拆沉作用下的伸展环境.     

云南丽江古近纪风成沉积的发现及其气候意义

云南丽江地区宝相寺组(E₂b)下部(原美乐组)一直被认为是水成沉积,本文认为其属于风成沉积。宝相寺组下部巨厚砂岩的主体岩性为紫红色中细粒石英砂岩,不含泥质和云母等悬移质,大型高角度平板状交错层理发育,厚度巨大,风成沙丘前积层特征明显。石英砂的磨圆度高,在电子显微镜下普遍可见风成砂所特有的碟形撞击坑、新月型撞击坑及毛玻璃化表面等特征,可能为沙漠风成沙丘沉积。研究区古近纪以来的沉积特征表明,青藏高原东部的气候经历了一个由干旱到潮湿的重大转变。推测这种气候转变可能是始新世、渐新世之交全球变冷变干事件(EOGM)在青藏高原东部的沉积响应,也可能与青藏高原初次快速隆升及东亚古季风的开始形成有关。     

Eocene magmatism(Maden Complex) in the Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt: Magma genesis and tectonic implications

The origin and geodynamic setting of the Maden Complex, which is situated in the Bitlis-Zagros Suture Zone in the Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt, is still controversial due to lack of systematic geological and geochemical data. Here we present new whole rock major-trace-rare earth element and Sre Nd isotope data from the Middle Eocene volcanic rocks exposed in Maden Complex and discuss their origin in the light of new and old data. The volcanic lithologies are represented mainly by basalt and andesite, and minor dacite that vary from low-K tholeiitic, calc-alkaline, high-K calc-alkaline, and shoshonitic in composition. They exhibit enrichments in large ion lithophile and light rare earth elements, with depletions in high field strength elements. Basaltic rocks have uniform Sr and Nd isotope ratios with high εNd(t) values varying from t5.5 to t6.7, in contrast to, andesitic rocks are characterized by low εNd(t) values ranging from à1.6 to à10. These geochemical and isotopic characteristics indicate that two end-members, a subduction-related mantle source and a continental crust, were involved in the magma genesis. Considering all geological and geochemical data, we suggest that the Eocene Maden magmatism occurred as a post-collisional product by asthenospheric upwelling owing to convective removal of the lithosphere during an extensional collapse of the Southeast Anatolian ranges.     

Slab partial melts from the metasomatizing agent to adakite,Tafresh Eocene volcanic rocks,Iran

Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the Eocene volcanic succession in Tafresh area of the Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage (UDMA) are unique in the 2000‐km‐length assemblage. Demonstrating rather steep rare earth element (REE) patterns and the widespread presence of amphibole (+biotite) phenocrysts are two distinct characters that dominate the Eocene volcanic succession of mainly andesitic composition. Coincidence of the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the whole volcanic succession with adakites, rather amphibole‐ (+biotite) rich dacitic (with 61–64 wt% SiO₂) stocks and dykes, is considered as the key in unraveling the role of ‘slab‐derived melt contribution’ in petrogenesis of the volcanic succession. Slab‐derived melting has been an ongoing process that metasomatized some parts of the mantle wedge from which hybrid rocks (andesites) are derived. Basalts with distinct signatures of slab melt metasomatism are yet another support for the occurrence of slab melting. Interlayering of normal, island‐arc‐type calc‐alkaline volcanic rocks with the slab‐melt metasomatized basalts and hybrid andesites suggests that the slab melting has been motivated by the subduction. Formation of the Tafresh Caldera, the likely consequence of an explosive eruption, is compatible with the volatile‐bearing nature of the adakitic volcanism in the study area. It is indicated by the ubiquitous presence of the hydrous minerals. Beneath the Tafresh area, in Eocene time, the subducting slab seems to have reached a critical high depth that is enough for the development of amphibolite–eclogite. The slab deformation, motivated by the geometry of subduction and/or the underlying mantle's steeper geotherms, is suggested to have resulted in the slab melting that helped develop a rock assemblage unique to the UDMA.     

Biomarker evidence for Botryococcus and a methane cycle in the Eocene Huadian oil shale,NE China

The saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons of two samples (HD-19 and HD-21) from the same section of the Middle Eocene lacustrine Huadian oil shale in NE China were identified and shown to be mainly from algal and bacterial sources. Comparison of the two samples provided an opportunity to explore the contribution from telalginite to the hydrocarbon profiles. Cells identified from microscopy as Botryococcus in the telalginite of HD-21 were confirmed as belonging to the L race of B. braunii from the presence of monoaromatic lycopane derivatives and small amounts of several lycopadienes. Lycopane was abundant and was probably derived from biohydrogenation of lycopadienes and related lipids on the basis of δ¹³C values. Hopane distributions showed a dominance of those with the biological 17β,21β-stereochemistry, as expected for an immature shale, with low amounts of 17β,21α-hopanes (moretanes) and 17α,21β-hopanes. Two hopenes were also abundant and assigned as C₂₉ and C₃₀ neohop-13(18)-enes, which occurred together with the C₂₉ and C₃₀ hop-17(21)-enes. These had depleted carbon isotope values (−43.7‰ to −50.8‰), indicative of production by methane oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs). The high proportion of hopanoids with carbon numbers < C₃₂ indicates extensive post-depositional diagenetic alteration of bacteriohopanepolyols as well as a direct input of C₃₀ hopanoids. The data clearly indicate that there was active utilization of methane in this lacustrine depositional setting, but isoprenoid hydrocarbon biomarkers for methanogens, such as pentamethylicosane (PMI) and squalane, were in surprisingly low abundance. It is possible that these bacterial contributions were present as polar lipids. The origins of an unusual C₃₈ isoprenoid alkane assigned as bipristane are uncertain, but may be from methanogens. Steranes and sterenes were relatively minor components, but abundant diasterenes and 4-methyldiasterenes were present, reflecting significant conversion of the original lipid composition by way of clay-catalysed diagenesis. The biomarker data suggest that the bottom waters in the original depositional environment had low O₂ content, but the sediments were probably neither sulfidic nor strongly reducing. The high content of organic matter in the shale likely reflects both high (but fluctuating) productivity due to eutrophic conditions in the overlying water and good preservation in the sediments.     

玉门断裂全新世活动特征及其与玉门地震的关系

玉门断裂是祁连山北缘断裂带的组成部分,也属于酒西盆地南缘断裂带的一支,是酒西盆地内二级构造单元的边界。玉门断裂表现为强烈的逆冲推覆特征,并有不大的左行水平位移分量,次级断裂走滑方向与其走向有关;玉门断裂自早更新世以来一直活动,是现代地震断裂,也是玉门地震的发震断裂。     

Shark and ray faunas in the Middle and Late Eocene of the Fayum Area, Egypt

The Eocene rocks exposed in the Fayum Area, Egypt, are well known for their fossil vertebrates but in recent times the sharks and rays have been largely neglected. Extensive surface collecting, supplemented with bulk samples, has produced large collections from the Midawara, Gehannam, Birket Qarun and Qasr el-Sagha formations, spanning the Bartonian and Priabonian stages and from palaeoenvironments varying from open muddy shelf to very shallow estuarine systems. In total about 90 species of sharks and rays are recorded, many of them previously unrecognised, resulting in some of the most diverse fossil chondrichthyan assemblages known from the Tertiary. Teeth of these species suggest that they occupied a wide range of ecological niches from top predator to tiny benthic invertebrate feeder to planktivore. Many of the species are limited in their stratigraphical range and show potential to be used, at least locally, as biostratigraphical indicators for stratigraphically poorly constrained vertebrate sites elsewhere in North Africa. Distinctly different faunas from different sedimentary environments indicate a strong environmental control on the distribution of many species.     

关于琼东南盆地始新统地层研究的思考

始新统湖相地层是琼东南盆地原油勘探领域的主力烃源岩,历年来各轮资源评价结果均显示具有较好的石油勘探前景,但自1987年Ying9井首次钻遇油层至今,琼东南盆地原油勘探领域一直未取得重大突破。近年来寄予厚望的S3X井钻探失利具有一定典型性,笔者等以S3X井钻后分析为契机,通过与珠江口和北部湾盆地始新统地层对比研究,提出了不同于以往的看法。分析显示琼东南盆地已发现原油中,源于低等水生生物的C304 甲基甾烷含量,以及反映氧化还原条件的姥植比（Pr/Ph）参数,均弱于珠江口和北部湾盆地半深湖相优质烃源岩;琼东南盆地“低频—连续—强振幅”地震相特征与珠江口盆地钻井证实的半深湖相优质烃源岩地震反射特征差异较大;琼东南盆地在区域位置、构造演化与沉积充填模式方面与珠江口和北部湾盆地也存在明显差异,使得始新统湖相地层的分布规模和优质烃源岩的发育条件等方面,均弱于珠江口和北部湾盆地。因此,建议在与周缘盆地始新统地层的对比研究过程中应适度审慎,尤其是以陵水凹陷为代表的中央坳陷带始新统湖相烃源岩分布规模不宜过于乐观。同时,指出受地貌格局影响,不同凹陷海侵进程并不同步,琼东南盆地除始新统发育湖相地层外,渐新统崖城组早期部分凹陷也具有发育湖相地层和油型烃源岩的条件,这一新观点在一定程度可扩展琼东南盆地原油勘探研究的局面和思路。     

山东五图含煤岩系孢粉组合及其地层意义

对五图组含煤岩系进行研究 ,所揭示的孢粉植物群中 ,被子植物榆粉 (Dlmipollenites)和栎粉 (Quercoidites)有很高的含量 ,此外有山核桃粉 (Caryapollenites)、朴粉 (Celtipollenites)、枫杨粉 (Pterocaryapollenites)、胡桃粉(Juglanspollenites)、桦粉 (Betulaepollenites)、苗榆粉 (Ostryoipollenites)、枥粉 (Carpinipites)和小栗粉 (Cupuliferoipollenites)等 ,其中热带、亚热带分子占很大的比重 ,且有很高的分异度 ;裸子植物含量不高 ,主要为松粉(Pinuspollenites)和云杉粉 (Piceaepollenites) ,其次为杉粉 (Taxodiaceaepollenites)和麻黄粉 (Ephedripites) ;蕨类孢子一般含量较少 ,仅在部分样品中三角孢 (Deltoidospora)含量很高。在参考沉积、古气候、海平面变化以及其他门类化石资料的基础上 ,对孢粉化石群的时代归属及我国东部区域相关问题作了讨论 ,得出五图组孢粉组合特征与其他古生物资料所得的时代意见一致 ,属早始新世晚期到中始新世早期 ,其古气候特征也与全球海洋气候特征相符合。