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951.
《社会与自然资源》2012,25(6):483-501
Taking an historical perspective, this article explores the social, economic, and political context of deforestation and watershed degradation in the highlands of northern Thailand. After the Second World War, the Thai government began promoting the colonization of the highlands, encouraging lowland landless farmers, agribusinesses, and logging companies to colonize and deforest the highlands. In the 1980s, the Thai government declared the closure of the frontier and gave the Royal Forest Department (RFD) the role of protecting the nation's forests and reforesting the denuded areas. Based on information gathered in a Hmong village and an RFD station, the article argues not only that the RFD is unsuccessful in dealing with the problems, but that its policies ultimately lead to further deforestation, worsen the present water imbalance, and result in the harassment of the resident ethnic minorities, who are held responsible for the negative effects. 相似文献
952.
《社会与自然资源》2012,25(6):471-482
Using data collected in a general population survey from a random sample of individuals in four communities in Pennsylvania, we tested the following two hypotheses: (1) that differences in sociodemographic characteristics exist among individuals with variant positions on environmental issues; and (2) that individuals with different positions on environmental issues exhibit dissimilar levels of proenvironmental behaviors. Both hypotheses received substantial support. The results indicate that young individuals, the more highly educated, people with higher incomes, and those with liberal political ideologies are more likely than their opposites to maintain proactive positions on environmental issues. The findings also reveal that while both proactive and sympathetic persons engage more frequently in proenvironmental behaviors than do their neutral counterparts, sympathetic individuals partake in these same behaviors less often than do those who expressed proactive positions on environmental issues. 相似文献
953.
《社会与自然资源》2012,25(2):93-106
This study examines willingness to pay (WTP) responses obtained through contingent valuation (CV) in the context of the theory of planned behavior. According to the theory of planned behavior, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control predict behavioral intention. Considering WTP as a behavioral intention, the article explains willingness to pay for abatement of forest regeneration using data from a community-level case study in southern Finland. Attitudes toward forest regeneration and toward supporting forest regeneration abatement policy were measured and used to predict WTP. Attitudes and perceived behavioral control predicted contingent valuation results significantly. The attitudes were regressed against beliefs concerning the good valued and the policy proposed to achieve the good; finally, the effect of the information on the beliefs, attitudes, and WTP was tested. As measured, the beliefs concerning forest regeneration predicted the attitude formation. However, the information provided in the questionnaires was not a significant factor in predicting these beliefs. 相似文献
954.
《社会与自然资源》2012,25(9):775-792
We characterize a social clash over a gold mining project in terms of perception of environmental risks, preferred decision-making mechanism, trust in experts and government institutions, and fairness in the distribution of burdens and benefits. The results reveal that 85% of the local population were against the project. Disagreement between experts, the local population, and the mining company, distrust in institutions, and the lack of a participatory procedure for deciding local development strategies create serious difficulties in legitimizing the project assessment and approval. It seems that a \"technical\" solution is not possible due to the existence of conflicting value systems. We arrive at the conclusion that, in the present case, the final decision can be legitimized only if the adopted decision mechanism represents a shared meta-value principle, that is, direct democracy. However, the definition of the appropriate geographical scale for the voting process remains a contested issue. 相似文献
955.
《社会与自然资源》2012,25(8):687-701
Within environmental social sciences, the authors believe that the analysis of sustainable production should be complemented by bringing in issues of sustainable consumption and lifestyles. It is possible to place a stronger emphasis on consumption issues without lapsing into the socio-psychological models that were used for so long in the analyses of environmental (un)friendly behaviors of citizen-consumers. The article argues that the social practices model, derived from structuration theory, offers a feasible alternative in this respect, because the model makes possible a sociological, \"contextual\" approach to consumption behaviors and lifestyles. The kind of questions the social practices model generates for empirical research are illustrated using the example of domestic consumption of utility products and services. By discussing a number of pilot studies within Dutch environmental policymaking, the future agenda of the politics of sustainable consumption is explored and commented upon. 相似文献
956.
《社会与自然资源》2012,25(3):269-280
In response to the Field et al. (2001) and Buttel (2001) argument that there are distinct patterns that distinguish natural resource and environmental sociology, I argue that this is typical of a thriving multiparadigmatic social science and is occurring across other ecological social sciences. In this article I briefly review current debates among anthropologists and human geographers to illustrate the transdisciplinary relevance of the natural resource and environmental sociology division and to suggest approaches that integrate this divide and also provide bridges to other ecological social sciences. The ''bridging'' areas I discuss include political ecology, community conservation, and sustainable livelihoods. Natural resource/environmental sociologists have much to learn from engaging the works of each other and from other social and natural scientists. 相似文献
957.
《社会与自然资源》2012,25(4):333-347
In this work we determine whether monetary penalties assessed against petroleum refineries for violation of the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and/or the Resource Conservation and/or Recovery Act differ depending upon the racial, ethnic, and income characteristics of communities surrounding the penalized refinery. Our sample consists of all monetary penalties assessed between April 2001 and April 2003 (n = 206). We find mixed evidence of inequality. The racial, ethnic, and income characteristics of census tracts surrounding the penalized refineries are not related to penalty amounts. However, refineries situated within the boundaries of Hispanic and low-income ZIP codes tend receive smaller penalties than refineries located in non-Hispanic and more affluent ZIP codes. These disparities do not appear to be result of factors such as previous enforcement and compliance history, case characteristics, company and facility characteristics, or the political/economic climate. 相似文献
958.
《社会与自然资源》2012,25(1):39-48
Few, if any, literary genres have been as closely tied with political reform as has nature writing. Particularly in the early years of the American environmental movement, nature writers such as John Muir and John Burroughs playedpivotal roles in changing attitudes and policies toward nature. Many contemporary nature writers remain actively involved in the politics of environmental reform, although the place of nature writing in the debate over environmental policy has become less clearly defined as issues and technologies have become more complex. The form of political involvement varies widely from writer to writer, with four different methods discussed in this policy review. The first type has little overt political content, but often has an indirect effect on environmental politics. The second takes a direct approach to influencing policy, specifically addressing the issues at hand. In the third category, which has become increasingly important in an era where environmental policy issues are often extremely complex, the nature writer takes on the role of educator. The final category, which is the most difficult to define and assess, includes those writers and works that advocate what is often seen as a ''radical'' environmental agenda. 相似文献
960.