90年代华南热带亚热带环境研究

简略回顾了华南热带亚热带古环境和现代环境研究在９０ 年代所取得的主要成果, 其主要表现在如下一些方面： 红土与全球变化研究, 海岸带沉积与海平面变化研究, 海洋沉积与环境变迁研究, 构造－ 火山－ 地貌与海陆环境变迁研究, 现代环境与应用第四纪研究, 等等。文中对进一步开展华南古全球变化和现代全球变化研究提出了若干设想     

试论戈壁面及指相意义

戈壁是荒漠景观的基本类型之一。从沉积相和沉积环境的角度出发，将戈壁定义为干旱大气与砾石堆积体和裸露基岩表面相互作用的界面，由这个面覆盖的区域称作戈壁。在干旱大气环境下，砾石堆积体或基岩表面经历了机械风化作用、盐分风化和盐分微地貌作用、风力作用及荒漠漆发育等外力作用，使其与其它地区的砾石堆积体或基岩表面出现本质的不同。戈壁面特有的地质、地貌特征指示了干旱气候的存在，其中记录的有效信息可为研究干旱区气候、环境变化及新构造运动提供新的途径。     

现代冰川中的微粒研究与气候环境变化

现代冰川雪冰中的微粒是重建过去气候环境变化的一项重要替代性指标。根据前人对极地冰盖和山地冰川冰芯及雪坑样品中的微粒粒径、矿物特征和含量变化等研究成果,讨论了微粒粒径变化,微粒与火山活动、大气气溶胶的关系,以及冰芯测年、微粒来源等相关分析,认为微粒中的代表性矿物、火山玻璃、粗糙系数和粒径分布可作为确定微粒源区的指标;微粒含量的变化与大气环流、气温高低及干湿程度密切相关,微粒含量的高值对应冷干气候,反之为暖湿;大气环流加强时,微粒含量增加,反之减少。微粒研究还能获得如火山活动、人类影响等特殊事件的信息。     

湘江水系河水的地球化学特征

本文讨论了湘江水系河水一些主要水化学指标的特征及其环境化学效应,计算了河水的化学稳定性指数和化学侵蚀速率,讨论了该水系重碳酸盐型河水的侵蚀及沉积平衡与总盐量的相关关系,还论证了河水的地球化学特征与水热条件和地质因素的关系。     

What happens after climate change adaptation projects end: A community-based approach to ex-post assessment of adaptation projects

Over the last decade, hundreds of climate change adaptation projects have been funded and implemented. Despite the importance of these first-generation adaptation projects for establishing funders and implementors’ “best practices,” very little is known about how early adaptation projects have endured, to what ends, and for whom. In this article, I propose a community-based methodology for ex-post assessment of climate change adaptation projects. This methodology contributes to recognitional justice by asking the individuals and collectives tasked with sustaining adaptation initiatives to define adaptation success and what criteria for success should be assessed. I apply this subjective assessment approach in 10 communities across Ecuador that participated in an internationally funded adaptation project that concluded in 2015. My analysis draws together participatory mapping, walking interviews with local leaders, participant observation, and surveys with former project participants. The results highlight that even adaptation projects that were deemed highly successful at their closure have uncertain futures. I find that the sustainability mechanisms that were envisioned by project implementors have not functioned, and communities are shouldering the burden of reviving failing adaptation interventions. These findings highlight that the current model of episodic funding for climate change adaptation projects and evaluation processes needs to be revisited to acknowledge the long-term challenges faced by communities. This analysis also calls attention to the importance of ex-post assessment for adaptation projects and the potential of subjective assessment approaches for building more ontological and epistemological pluralism in understandings of successful climate change adaptation.     

卫星遥感监测城市扩展与环境变化的研究

本文阐述应用北京地区自１９８４年至１９９２年４景秋季的ＴＭ图像，通过高精度几何配准，辐射水准归一化，热图像条纹噪声消除，各种干扰因素的识别．压抑、剔除，目标信息的增强、提取，以及背景影像的生成等图像应用处理，直接获得试区８年间城镇建设用地、绿地、水体，城市热岛等环境要素变化动态，快速制出客观反映城市扩展变化的系列图件。