小秦岭地区太华群锆石U-Pb年龄及华北克拉通南缘地壳演化

以小秦岭地区太华群二长片麻岩为研究对象,分析其地球化学、锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征。地球化学分析显示其原岩为高钾钙碱性花岗质岩石,稀土元素总含量较高(229×10-6),轻、重稀土元素分馏明显(w(La)N/w(Yb)N=45.39),有明显的Eu负异常(0.43)。原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图显示其富集Rb、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti等高场强元素。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,其原岩的形成时代为古元古代早期(2.47Ga)。锆石Hf同位素分析结果显示:初始N(176 Hf)/N(177 Hf)值变化范围很小,为0.281 284~0.281 328,εHf(t)值均为正值(0.93~5.18);二阶段Hf模式年龄为2.70~2.89Ga,新生地壳(现代岛弧火山)Hf模式年龄为2.54~2.73Ga,接近于锆石结晶年龄(2.47Ga),指示华北克拉通南缘在这一时期有明显的新生地壳生长。华北克拉通南缘在新太古代早期(2.7~2.9Ga)、新太古代晚期—古元古代早期(2.2~2.5Ga)和古元古代中期(1.8~2.1Ga)有3期重要的构造热事件。新太古代早期及晚期有明显的新生地壳生长(εHf(t)0),新太古代晚期—古元古代早期和古元古代中期的岩浆活动有明显的新生地壳生长,同时还伴随有古老地壳物质的再循环和改造(εHf(t)0或εHf(t)0)。     

小秦岭地区金钼多金属矿成矿特征与找矿预测

小秦岭地区是中国重要的金钼矿产基地。以构造-岩浆-成矿系统为指导,综合研究认为区内金钼多金属矿床可分为印支期—燕山期与重熔型花岗岩浆侵入活动有关的金(钼)矿床成矿系列和与深源浅成型花岗岩、碱性岩有关的钼(金钨)矿床成矿系列。金(钼)矿床类型主要包括石英脉型、构造蚀变岩型、糜棱岩型、爆破角砾岩型和复合型等,以前两者为主;钼(金钨)矿床类型主要包括斑岩型、斑岩-矽卡岩型、斑岩-爆破角砾岩型、石英-碳酸岩脉型和构造蚀变岩型等,也以前两者为主。该区三叠世以来共发生过3次岩浆侵入活动,每次都伴有不同程度的钼金矿化作用,并分别对应于不同的钼金矿化高峰期。钼的成矿作用分为印支期(210~220 Ma)和燕山期早白垩世早期(140~145Ma)、早白垩世中晚期(110~138Ma);金的成矿作用分为印支期(约220Ma)和燕山期早白垩世中晚期(约130Ma);钼、金成矿在印支期和燕山期早白垩世中晚期叠合,而在燕山期早白垩世早期分离。整体上,区内岩体与断裂构造控矿特征明显,燕山期金钼成矿作用强烈发育。该区娃娃沟—峪耳沟、峪耳沟—曹家沟、太子坪—葫芦沟—荒地沟与文公岭北坡等地区为金钼多金属矿的有利找矿靶区,并应特别重视中酸性小岩体的含矿性评价。     

陕西镇坪地区唐家垭子钼钒多金属矿床地质特征与成因

陕西镇坪地区唐家垭子钼钒多金属矿床是近年来新发现的钼钒矿床,含矿地层及矿化带延伸情况显示其具有达到大型规模的潜力。矿体产于寒武系下统鲁家坪组黑色岩系,与地层展布方向一致,受黑色岩系控制;矿石类型有含炭板岩型、粉砂质板岩型及含炭硅质岩型3种;矿石含钼矿物主要有铁钼华、钼华、胶硫钼矿等,钒主要存在于钒云母中,其次为高岭土、电气石等;矿石化学成分以Mo、V2O5为主,主成矿元素为Mo、V,伴生金属元素有Ag等。矿床地球化学综合分析认为,寒武系下统鲁家坪组为(较封闭的)浅海盆地相;含矿地层鲁家坪组的Mo、Cu、Ni、Pb含量分析表明,沉积的深度可能大于250m;w(Ni)/w(Ti)、w(Cu)/w(Ti)值表明,沉积的离岸距离为100~300km;w(V)/w(Ni)、w(V)/(w(V)+w(Ni))值反映成矿期处于缺氧—强缺氧的还原沉积环境;矿床地质地球化学分析表明,该矿床为明显的深海冷水沉积型矿床。     

鄂尔多斯盆地子北地区长6段油藏成藏条件及主控因素

分析了鄂尔多斯盆地子北地区延长组长6段油层构造特征、沉积相分布及砂体展布特征,从烃源岩、储层、盖层等方面对长6段油藏成藏条件进行了探讨,并就油藏类型、主控因素及成藏期次进行了讨论。结果表明:子北地区长6段油藏具有较好的生、储、盖配置关系,主要受沉积微相及储层物性控制;长6段油气主要储存在长61、62、63段河道砂体内,油藏类型主要为岩性圈闭;长6段油藏主控因素有主分流河道、储层物性及其非均质性、原油分布;长6段油层中,油气包裹体均一温度分布呈双峰状,主要在100℃~110℃和130℃~140℃;利用热演化史与流体包裹体均一温度法对油气成藏期次进行判断,长7段烃源岩生成的油气在早白垩世运移并大量聚集至长6段油层组,形成长6段油藏。     

东昆仑得尔龙地区华力西期花岗岩地质地球化学特征及构造环境分析

东昆仑得尔龙地区花岗岩体侵位于二叠纪—三叠纪早期,岩石类型为黑云母花岗闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩、二云母二长花岗岩。早期次的黑云母花岗闪长岩中含有暗色的镁铁质矿物包体。SiO2含量为65.04%~73.47%,全碱含量为5.29%~8.52%,K2O/Na2O平均值为0.70,Al2O3平均为14.79%;亏损高场强元素Ta,Nb;∑REE平均为142.9×10-6,轻稀土元素相对富集,(La/Yb)N平均为17.15,δEu平均为0.71,表现为弱亏损。研究表明得尔龙地区花岗岩属次铝-过铝(高钾)钙碱性S型花岗岩,形成于后造山环境;岩浆源区的物质是多源的,主要为地壳物质的重熔,其次为幔源岩浆的底侵。     

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水库流域体积降水量预报方法研究

根据广东飞来峡水库流域汇流特征,将全流域划分为5个支流,并采用求积仪分别计算各支流面积;然后用加权平均法计算各支流的面雨量,并将各支流面雨量对相应的支流面积进行积分,计算各支流体积降雨量;利用洪水过程飞来峡水库入库流量、出库流量和水库流域蒸发量对体积降水量预报结果进行验证,求出误差订正系数.结果表明:利用加权平均法计算的水库流域体积降水量,经过误差订正后,预报准确率可控制在90%左右,基本满足预报业务服务要求.     

Influencing factors for formation of urban and rural spatial structure in metropolis fringe area—Taking Shuangliu County of Chengdu in China as a case

With rapid urbanization process, the pace of urban sprawl has been quickened and most metropolises have experienced expansions in leaps and bounds in suburbanization, which has greatly changed the urban and rural spatial structure of the metropolis fringe area. In this paper, Shuangliu County is taken as a case, since it is a typical fringe area of Chengdu Metropolis. Based on Landsat TM images of Chengdu City and Shuangliu County obtained in 1985, 2000 and 2004, characteristics of urban and rural spatial structure in Shuangliu County were analyzed, such as core-periphery spatial structure and some obvious integration trends. Then the influencing factors for the formation of urban and rural spatial structure were identified, including some natural, social, economic and political factors. According to the discussion of this paper, Shuangliu County is undergoing a key transition and reform period. Its formation of urban and rural spatial structure was affected not only by such common factors as the location, natural background, industrial transition, migration, etc., but also by some unique factors such as city planning and policy guidance, which played an important role in accelerating its uneven spatial structure. The understanding of the role of the influencing factors would be useful for carrying out spatial management and development planning of metropolis fringe area.     

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