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151.
通用地图投影选择研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在分析现有的地图投影选择、评价标准和地图投影形变量之间关系的基础上,尝试引入形状比、长度比和面积比的概念,作为通用地图投影的选择、评价的基本度量指标,并通过层次分析法确定其权重,为通用地图投影的选择提供了思路,并通过实验验证了该方法的可行性与合理性。 相似文献
152.
J. X. ZHAO 《地震工程与结构动力学》1996,25(2):163-178
Simple approximate expressions are derived for estimating equivalent modal parameters of a single soft-soil layer that has a straight line distribution of shear wave velocities and is on a flexible half space which is more rigid than the overlying soil layer. It is shown that radiation damping from the flexibility of the half space can be converted approximately into an equivalent material damping and that a site of a single soft-soil layer on a flexible half space can be replaced by an equivalent single layer, with the same shear wave velocity distribution, on a rigid bedrock. The implementation for modal analyses and non-linear analyses of the equivalent site under earthquake excitation is discussed. 相似文献
153.
As other calcsilicate-hosted ore deposits the Tumurtijn-ovoo Fe–Mn–Zn deposit is subdued to the question how the ore elements took place, whether linked to epigenetic silicification of a limestone host or bound to syngenetic precipitation during the deposition of a calcareous-siliceous sediment. The comparison of high Zn/Cd ratios of ores from Tumurtijn-ovoo ranging from 514 to 724 with those of other ore deposits relates Tumurtijn-ovoo to the group of submarine hydrothermal deposits which got their ore elements from basaltic source rocks by subseafloor leaching. Hence, respecting geological and textural features of the ores, a synsedimentary precipitation of zinc and cadmium in a volcano-sedimentary environment is suggested for Tumurtijn-ovoo. A group of low Zn/Cd ratios (274–297) is correlated with processes of mobilization and redeposition of sphalerite. 相似文献
154.
聚氯酯泡沫塑料富集——ICP-MS测定化探样中微量金的方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
试样经王水分解,在10%的王水溶液介质中,加一定量的铁盐,用聚氨酯泡沫塑料吸附富集金,1%硫脲溶液解脱,ICP—MS进行测定。实验结果表明,这种方法精密度高、准确度好,检出限低。其测定范围为0.028—500ng/g。 相似文献
155.
The δ13C and δ18O values of well-preserved carbonate rhizoliths (CRs) provide detailed insights into changes in the abundance of C3 and C4 plants in response to approximately decadal-scale changes in growing-season climate. We performed stable isotope analyses on 35-40 CRs sampled at 1-cm intervals from an 18-cm-thick paleosol formed in southern Illinois during Wisconsin interstadial 2. Minimum δ13C values show little variation with depth, whereas maximum values vary dramatically, and average values show noticeable variability; maximum δ18O values vary less than the minimum δ18O values. These findings indicate that a diverse and stable C3 flora with a limited number of C4 grass species prevailed during this interval, and suggest that the maximum growing-season temperatures were relatively stable, but minimum growing-season temperatures varied considerably. Two general patterns characterize the relationships between the δ13C and δ18O values obtained from the 1-cm samples. In some cases, low δ13C values correspond to low δ18O values and high δ13C values correspond to high δ18O values, suggesting that cooler growing-season temperatures favored C3 and warmer growing-season temperatures favored C4 plants. In other cases, low δ13C values correspond to high δ18O values, likely suggesting that wetter growing-season conditions were favorable to C3 plants. The high density of well-preserved CRs in this paleosol provides a unique opportunity to study detailed ecological responses to high-resolution variability in growing-season climate. 相似文献
156.
Correction maps of P/S amplitude ratios for seismic events distributed in Xinjiang, China and its adjacent areas were established using a Bayesian Kriging method for the two seismic stations WMQ and MAK. The relationship between correction maps and variations of along-path features was analyzed and the validity of applying the cor- rection maps to improve performances of P/S discriminants for seismic discrimination was investigated. Results show that obtained correction maps can generally reflect event-station path effects upon corresponding P/S dis- criminants; and the correction of these effects could further reduce scatters of distance-corrected P/S measurements within earthquake and explosion populations as well as improve their discriminating performances if path effects are a significant factor of such scatters. For example, as corresponding Kriging correction map was applied, the misidentification rate of earthquakes by Pn(2~4 Hz)/Lg(2~4 Hz) at MAK was reduced from 16.3% to 5.2%. 相似文献
157.
The stable carbon isotope (δ13C) and elemental C/N ratios in Total Organic Carbon (TOC) extracted from radiometrically dated cores from two Midwestern USA
lakes were determined to investigate the factors that control these values in temperate lakes. The range of δ13C values (-26 to -32%) and C/N ratios (mean value ∼10.8) are typical of values reported for other temperate lake organic matter
in this region. In the core from Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin, a negative correlation was seen between the TOC and δ13C, which can be interpreted in terms of a re-mixing and consumption of sedimented organic carbon along with rapid equilibration
throughout the water column. No correlation was seen between the TOC and δ13C in the record from Ladd Lake, Ohio, implying that in this latter lake productivity alone was not a singular process controlling
the isotope ratio. Here, it is suggested that equilibrium conditions are maintained such that the DIC of the water is never
depleted of aqueous CO2 during high organic production and the resulting δ13C of the organic carbon lacks correlation with the TOC. Further, in this lake a fine resolution analysis was carried out which
indicated a possible anthropogenic influence on the isotope ratio around times when human settlement (∼300 yrs ago) and enhanced
agricultural practices (∼80 yrs ago) were significant. The study shows that carbon isotope studies are useful in paleolimnologic
investigations. 相似文献
158.
F. Parello P. Allard W. DAlessandro C. Federico P. Jean-Baptiste O. Catani 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2000,180(3-4):325-339
Chemical and isotopic ratio (He, C, H and O) analysis of hydrothermal manifestations on Pantelleria island, the southernmost active volcano in Italy, provides us with the first data upon mantle degassing through the Sicily Channel rift zone, south of the African–European collision plate boundary. We find that Pantelleria fluids contain a CO2–He-rich gas component of mantle magmatic derivation which, at shallow depth, variably interacts with a main thermal (100°C) aquifer of mixed marine–meteoric water. The measured 3He/4He ratios and δ13C of both the free gases (4.5–7.3 Ra and −5.8 to −4.2‰, respectively) and dissolved helium and carbon in waters (1.0–6.3 Ra and −7.1 to −0.9‰), together with their covariation with the He/CO2 ratio, constrain a 3He/4He ratio of 7.3±0.1 Ra and a δ13C of ca. −4‰ for the magmatic end-member. These latter are best preserved in fluids emanating inside the active caldera of Pantelleria, in agreement with a higher heat flow across this structure and other indications of an underlying crustal magma reservoir. Outside the caldera, the magmatic component is more affected by air dilution and, at a few sites, by mixing with either organic carbon and/or radiogenic 4He leached from the U–Th-rich trachytic host rocks of the aquifer. Pantelleria magmatic end-member is richer in 3He and has a lower (closer to MORB) δ13C than all fluids yet analyzed in volcanic regions of Italy and southern Europe, including Mt. Etna in Sicily (6.9±0.2 Ra, δ13C=−3±1‰). This observation is consistent with a south to north increasing imprint of subducted crustal material in the products of Italian volcanoes, whose He and C (but also O and Sr) isotopic ratios gradually evolve towards crustal values northward of the African–Eurasian plate collision boundary. Our results for Pantelleria extend this regional isotopic pattern further south and suggest the presence of a slightly most pristine or ‘less contaminated’, 3He-richer mantle source beneath the Sicily Channel rift zone. The lower than MORB 3He/4He ratio but higher than MORB CO2/3He ratio of Pantelleria volatile end-member are compatible with petro-geochemical evidence that this mantle source includes an upwelling HIMU–EM1-type asthenospheric plume component whose origin, according to recent seismic data, may be in the lower mantle. 相似文献
159.
Vincent J. Pacific Brian L. McGlynn Diego A. Riveros‐Iregui Daniel L. Welsch Howard E. Epstein 《水文研究》2011,25(5):811-827
Variability in soil respiration at various spatial and temporal scales has been the focus of much research over the last decade aimed to improve our understanding and parameterization of physical and environmental controls on this flux. However, few studies have assessed the control of landscape position and groundwater table dynamics on the spatiotemporal variability of soil respiration. We investigated growing season soil respiration in a ~393 ha subalpine watershed in Montana across eight riparian–hillslope transitions that differed in slope, upslope accumulated area (UAA), aspect, and groundwater table dynamics. We collected daily‐to‐weekly measurements of soil water content (SWC), soil temperature, soil CO2 concentrations, surface CO2 efflux, and groundwater table depth, as well as soil C and N concentrations at 32 locations from June to August 2005. Instantaneous soil surface CO2 efflux was not significantly different within or among riparian and hillslope zones at monthly timescales. However, cumulative integration of CO2 efflux during the 83‐day growing season showed that efflux in the wetter riparian zones was ~25% greater than in the adjacent drier hillslopes. Furthermore, greater cumulative growing season efflux occurred in areas with high UAA and gentle slopes, where groundwater tables were higher and more persistent. Our findings reveal the influence of landscape position and groundwater table dynamics on riparian versus hillslope soil CO2 efflux and the importance of time integration for assessment of soil CO2 dynamics, which is critical for landscape‐scale simulation and modelling of soil CO2 efflux in complex landscapes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
160.
本文对红石岗矿段的Ⅰ-1,Ⅰ-2号银铅锌共生矿体利用详查、补充详查工作部分坑道、钻探工程样品的副样进行了微量元素分析。结果表明其中的Ga和Cd元素超过了伴生组分要求,其分布与主组分分布基本一致,利用spss软件对各元素之间的相关性进行分析,Ga元素和Ge元素,Cd元素和Zn元素极强相关;Tl元素和Ga元素,In元素和Fe元素,Cd元素和Pb元素强相关。Zn/Cd比值显示该矿床为中低温矿床,这与前人的研究结论是一致的。In主要赋存在黄铁矿中,Cd主要赋存在闪锌矿中、方铅矿次之,Tl和Ga具有较强的共生关系。闪锌矿中Cd可能主要以类质同象形式存在。 相似文献