不同共代谢基质下三氯乙烯的厌氧生物降解研究

使用已驯化的厌氧活性污泥,分别以纯牛奶、玉米汁和甲苯作为共代谢基质,对三氯乙烯（ TCE）的降解性能进行对比研究。结果表明：TCE是通过还原脱氯发生降解的;同质量浓度下,甲苯是最佳共代谢基质,纯牛奶和玉米汁相对较差;且在一定范围内,共代谢基质浓度越大,TCE降解效果越好;实验数据的回归结果表明,反应均符合一级动力学。     

两类度日模型在天山科其喀尔巴西冰川消融估算中的应用

采用辐射传输参数化方案估算太阳入射短波辐射,并以小时气温作为输入数据,在200、100和50 m 3种海拔梯度下,分别应用传统度日模型和改进度日模型对科其喀尔巴西冰川2008年夏季消融区非表碛覆盖区消融进行了模拟分析.研究表明:太阳小时入射总辐射计算与实测结果具有较好的一致性;科其喀尔巴西冰川度日因子存在明显的时空差异性;随着空间分辨率提高,2类度日模型的模拟效果都变好;在200和100 m海拔梯度下,改进度日模型的模拟结果优于传统度日模型,而在50 m海拔梯度下,无明显改进.     

History matching of enhanced coal bed methane laboratory core flood tests

Enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) involves the injection of a gas, such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, into the coal reservoir to displace the methane present. Potentially this strategy can offer greater recovery of the coal seam methane and higher rates of recovery due to pressure maintenance of the reservoir. While reservoir simulation forms an important part of the planning and assessment of ECBM, a key question is the accuracy of existing approaches to characterising and representing the gas migration process. Laboratory core flooding allows the gas displacement process to be investigated on intact coal core samples under conditions analogous to those in the reservoir. In this paper a series of enhanced drainage core floods are presented and history matched using an established coal seam gas reservoir simulator, SIMED II. The core floods were performed at two pore pressures, 2 MPa and 10 MPa, and involve either nitrogen or flue gas (90% nitrogen and 10% CO₂) flooding of core samples initially saturated with methane. At the end of the nitrogen floods the core flood was reversed by flooding with methane to investigate the potential for hysteresis in the gas displacement process. Prior to the core flooding an independent characterisation programme was performed on the core sample where the adsorption isotherm, swelling with gas adsorption, cleat compressibility and geomechanical properties were measured. This information was used in the history matching of the core floods; the properties adjusted in the history matching were related to the affect of sorption strain on coal permeability and the transfer of gas between cleat and matrix. Excellent agreement was obtained between simulated and observed gas rates, breakthrough times and total mass balances for the nitrogen/methane floods. It was found that a triple porosity model improved the agreement with observed gas migration over the standard dual porosity Warren-Root model. The Connell, Lu and Pan hydrostatic permeability model was used in the simulations and improved history match results by representing the contrast between pore and bulk sorption strains for the 10 MPa cases but this effect was not apparent for the 2 MPa cases. There were significant differences between the simulations and observations for CO₂ flow rates and mass balances for the flue gas core floods. A possible explanation for these results could be that there may be inaccuracy in the representation of mixed gas adsorption using the extended Langmuir adsorption model.     

基于ETM数据的庞西垌地区断裂信息提取

针对庞西垌地区植被高覆盖特征,主要选用ETM+数据,结合DEM数据,采用正向主成分分析、波段比值、多波段信息合成等处理方法,提取与成矿控矿相关的线状、环状构造信息,结合该区相关地质资料,实现研究区构造综合解译.     

Developing a gross primary production model for coniferous forests of northeastern USA from MODIS data

Accurate estimation of ecosystem carbon fluxes is crucial for understanding the feedbacks between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere and for making climate-policy decisions. A statistical model is developed to estimate the gross primary production (GPP) of coniferous forests of northeastern USA using remotely sensed (RS) radiation (land surface temperature and near-infra red albedo) and ecosystem variables (enhanced vegetation index and global vegetation moisture index) acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. This GPP model (called R-GPP-Coni), based only on remotely sensed data, was first calibrated with GPP estimates derived from the eddy covariance flux tower of the Howland forest main tower site and then successfully transferred and validated at three other coniferous sites: the Howland forest west tower site, Duke pine forest and North Carolina loblolly pine site, which demonstrate its transferability to other coniferous ecoregions of northeastern USA. The proposed model captured the seasonal dynamics of the observed 8-day GPP successfully by explaining 84–94% of the observed variations with a root mean squared error (RMSE) ranging from 1.10 to 1.64 g C/m²/day over the 4 study sites and outperformed the primary RS-based GPP algorithm of MODIS.     

考虑航磁水平梯度变化的ΔT网格化方法研究

实测航磁横向水平梯度反映垂直于测线的磁场梯度,比传统航磁ΔT数据包含测线之间更多的磁场信息.针对航磁数据网格化问题,采用Hardwick提出的方法,利用航磁水平梯度与ΔT数据构建拟测线,并结合Akima插值法,开展了双方向测线型ΔT网格化方法研究,最终实现了考虑航磁水平梯度变化的ΔT网格化;针对网格化结果中的虚假异常采取了有效滤波方法.通过理论模型数据和实际数据网格化处理,表明该方法可以突出航磁测线之间的异常细节、更清晰地反映线性构造或磁性体走向,提高了网格化的精度和分辨率.     

Five years of cloud enhanced surface UV radiation measurements at two sites (in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres)

This is the first paper to report a detailed comparison between ground based measurements of cloud enhanced ultraviolet (UV) radiation at sites located in both hemispheres. The measurements were undertaken at a Northern Hemisphere site (at the campus of the University of Girona in Spain) and a Southern Hemisphere site (campus of the University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia). These sites were chosen as they have both simultaneous sky camera and solar radiation (including UV) measurement campaigns operating for at least 5 years over the same time period. Although hemispheric comparisons of UV radiation are not new, this paper focuses on a study of enhancements, including a comparison of the frequency of occurrence and associated cloud types, at the locations with differing climatology. It is found that although there are commonalities between the sites, such as the correlation of the frequency of enhancements with larger solar zenith angle (SZA) both at Girona and Toowoomba, there are differences too, e.g. the frequency of occurrence of the enhancements, and the type of clouds that produce most enhancements (cirrus at Girona, cumulus at Toowoomba). It is suggested that this is due to the differences in latitude coupled with a large amount of Cirriform cloud, especially corresponding to large SZA, at Girona. Possible explanations for this major difference were examined, with the most likely hypothesis relating to multiple scattering due to Cirriform cloud and the subsequent effect on UV radiation on a horizontal surface at large SZA.     

CFRP composite retrofitting effect on the dynamic characteristics of arch dams

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of retrofitting dynamic characteristics of a damaged laboratory arch dam model, subsequently repaired with high-strength structural mortar and strengthened with composite carbon fiber reinforced polymer. This study constructed in laboratory conditions is a prototype arch dam–reservoir–foundation model. Five test cases of ambient vibration on the arch dam model illustrate the changes in dynamic characteristics: natural frequency, mode shape, and damping ratio, before and after retrofitting. The ambient vibration tests collected data from the dam body during vibrations by natural excitations which provided small impacts and response signals from sensitivity accelerometers placed at crest points. Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition Method in the frequency domain extracts the experimental dynamic characteristics. At the end of the study, experimentally identified dynamic characteristics obtained from all test cases have been compared with each other. Apparently, after the retrofitting, the natural frequencies of the dam body increased considerably, demonstrating that the retrofitting, including repairing and strengthening is very effective on the flashback of initial dynamic characteristics.     

Recognition of an enhanced multi-element geochemical signature of porphyry copper deposits for vectoring into mineralized zones and delimiting exploration targets in Jiroft area,SE Iran

Delimiting exploration targets using geochemical exploration data can be a challenging issue when different geochemical signatures represent the same deposit-type sought. In this regard, fuzzy operators have been used to integrate different geochemical evidence layers into a single model for generating target areas. In this paper, a GIS-based expected value function was adapted to integrate different geochemical evidence layers into a stronger geochemical signature for delimiting exploration targets. Then, the expected value function and fuzzy operators were compared. The comparison demonstrated that the former is more efficient than the later for generating a stronger geochemical evidence layer. The higher efficiency of the expected value function is because it simultaneously uses the value of all input variables and their relative importance in the process of integration. The proposed approach was evaluated by using a lithogeochemical data set for prospecting porphyry-Cu deposits in Jiroft area, Kerman province, southeast of Iran, as a case study.     

利用红外云图作台风客观定位

通过对１９８９－１９９３年收集到的台风红外Ｈ云图进行台风云系的云顶温度分析，得到了一组识别台风云系细微结构的云顶温度分布。在微机上实现了台风的客观定位。该方法经对１９９４年影响浙江的９４１４，９４１７，９４１８，９４３０四个台风的业务使用，效果较好。