Tourism impacts on benthic communities of sandy beaches

This study evaluated the effect of human trampling on the benthic macrofauna of two beaches in Southeast Brazil with different levels of intensity of tourism, Grussaí (more impacted) and Manguinhos (less impacted), during periods of high and low tourism activity. The macrofauna of urbanized (U) and non‐urbanized (NU) sectors of the inter‐tidal zone was sampled and the number of visitors was recorded. General linear models revealed a decreasing in abundance of macrofauna species in the urbanized sectors of analyzed beaches, which are exposed to higher trampling impact than in non‐urbanized areas. At Manguinhos Beach, trampling did not affect the macrofauna (<1 visitors ? m^?²), except for the polychaete Scolelepis sp., which was less abundant in the U sector. Considering the benthic community, Atlantorchestoidea brasiliensis, Hemipodia californiensis and Scolelepis sp. were more sensitive to human trampling pressure and may be used as potential bioindicators of tourism impact. Management plans should consider mitigation of the effects of tourism, such as the control of the visitor number and their decentralization.     

生态模型在渔业管理中的应用

随着人们对于海洋生态的认识逐渐深入,渔业等人类活动的影响受到了更多的关注,"基于生态系统的渔业管理"（EBFM）这一概念被越来越多的研究者和国际组织所接受。生态模型为EBFM的实践提供了科学的评估方法和技术工具。与单鱼种评估模型相比,生态模型更多地考虑了系统内的各种生态过程和作用机制,栖息地等环境条件的变化,以及生态系统整体的结构和功能等,依此来反映生态系统的动态变化。由于生态模型是多样化的,关注和涉及不同的目标对象、机制过程、模型结构和参数,本文按照生态模型所关注的生态层次和组分将其分为多物种模型、群落结构模型和生态系统模型3个类型,分析了各类模型的优劣点。本文进一步阐述了生态模型在渔业管理中的应用领域,以管理策略评估为中心的应用方式,以及实践中模型选择和构建所需要注意的问题,还探讨了生态模型中降低不确定性和提高预测能力的方法。     

一种新型双体无人监测船风力作用下的运动特性变化预报研究

小型双体无人监测船运行平稳,甲板尺寸大,吃水浅,在水环境监测、工程测量、巡逻跟踪、水产养殖等领域具有广阔的发展与应用前景。但该类船风阻大,水动力复杂,运动特性在风力作用下变化明显。本文对双体无人监测船的风作用力进行了分析,将风作用项引入其动力学模型。利用该模型,对其主要运动特性进行了仿真预报。仿真结果与现场实测数据具有良好的一致性。该研究结果可以为新型双体无人监测船运动控制算法在不同风作用环境下的适应性调整提供依据,从而提高其海上作业能力与控制精度。     

人工纳米材料对海洋微藻的毒性研究进展

近年来随着纳米技术的飞速发展,人工纳米材料已广泛应用于各行各业。人工纳米材料的大量生产与使用,导致越来越多的人工纳米材料进入到水环境中,其毒性效应及对水环境可能造成的生态风险日趋严重。本文综述了近年来人工纳米材料对海洋微藻毒性效应的研究成果,着重介绍了人工纳米材料对微藻的单一毒性、复合毒性及致毒机理,并对未来人工纳米材料毒性效应的研究进行了展望。     

压力及温度对海洋动物生理影响的研究进展

随着海洋深度的增加,压力逐渐升高而温度逐渐降低。因此,应对压力和温度变化的能力直接影响着海洋动物的垂直分布模式。本文综述了近年来国际上关于压力及温度对海洋动物生理影响的研究进展,概述了3种常用的研究方法,包括直接比较不同深度近缘海洋动物的差异、使用加压装置培养海洋动物、在常压及原位温度下培养深海动物;然后归纳了压力及温度对海洋动物生理的影响,包括有机渗透调节物质浓度及蛋白质序列、胚胎及幼体发育速率和畸变率、行为模式及代谢速率、基因表达水平;最后讨论了海洋动物适应高压环境的生理机制,压力对海洋动物垂直分布的限制能力,以及浅海动物和深海动物的起源关系。     

Study of thermal migration and induced mechanical effects in double U-tube energy piles

This paper investigates two geothermal energy piles using thermal response tests (TRTs). A set of parameters including pile wall temperature, ground temperature and strain are monitored at four different depths. The thermally induced mechanical behavior of the energy piles are then analyzed based on the monitoring data.The results show the following: (1) The temperature at the pile wall clearly varies throughout the heating and cooling cycle, and the ground temperature distribution shows a delay compared to the TRT stages. (2) The thermally induced mechanical effects are influenced by both the temperature and restraint conditions.     

The Tectonic Uplift and Its Environmental Effects of the Qinling Mountains During the Cenozoic Era: Progress and Problems

The Qinling Orogen, a majestic high mountain, is located in the center of China mainland. Qinling Mountains is nearly 2 500 km from the west to the east. It holds a very prominent role not only in the geological but also in the geographical study. In geology, it was built through collision between the North China and South China Blocks. It became the backbone of the tectonic framework of China mainland. In the other way, Qinling is the geographical boundaries in ecological and cultural environment between the northern and the southern China. Many previous studies have dealt with the tectonic system dynamics and structural evolution of Qinling, but most work has focused on the tectonic evolution of the Qinling from the Paleozoic to the Mesozoic. However, the Cenozoic tectonic uplift evolution of Qinling has caused less attention, and little research has been done on the environmental effect of Qinling. And there are still debates about these two questions. The purpose of this paper was to provide an overview of the current studies about the Cenozoic tectonic uplift and its environmental effects of the Qinling Mountains. Finally, this paper pointed out the existing research achievements and the problems to be solved in future research.     

利用gPhone重力仪监测三峡库区蓄水的重力响应

根据三峡秭归gPhone101#重力台站2012-06~2014-08重力观测资料,经处理改正得到的重力残差主要反映了库区蓄水变化的重力响应。不同的蓄水阶段,重力残差与库区水位变化响应特征不同,高差30 m的水位波动能够引起70 μGal的重力响应。利用gPhone重力仪能够有效监测三峡库区蓄水的重力响应,但局部及周边地区降水等水文效应也是连续重力观测结果的主要贡献之一,在监测库区蓄水对重力响应的影响时不可忽视。     

波吉卵囊藻对弧菌生长的影响

研究波吉卵囊藻及藻―菌体系对创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)、副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)和溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)生长的影响,结果显示:无菌波吉卵囊藻对创伤弧菌、副溶血弧菌的生长均有显著促进作用(P<0.05),对溶藻弧菌的生长无显著影响(P>0.05);波吉卵囊藻―沼泽红假单胞菌体系对溶藻弧菌有明显抑制作用(P<0.05);无菌波吉卵囊藻―枯草芽孢杆菌体系对溶藻弧菌的生长有显著促进作用(P<0.05),对创伤弧菌、副溶血弧菌的生长无显著影响(P>0.05);带菌波吉卵囊藻对三株弧菌均有明显抑制作用(P<0.05);带菌波吉卵囊藻共栖细菌对三株弧菌均无明显抑制作用(P>0.05);在无菌波吉卵囊藻中回加带菌藻共栖细菌,分析实验10～18d的数据发现的数据发现藻―菌体系对创伤弧菌、副溶血弧菌的生长有显著影响(P<0.05),藻―菌体系逐渐恢复对三株弧菌的抑制作用。     

复杂长线工程场地工程地质与工程地震条件评价——以永古高速公路为例

本文以甘肃省永登-古浪高速公路为例,通过野外地质调查、物探和钻探工作,对高速公路沿线地形地貌、水文地质、地层岩性介质、构造地质、地震等几个方面进行了详细研究和分类,并在此基础上对公路沿线分段的工程地质与工程地震条件进行了评价,用以说明复杂长线工程场地工程地质与工程地震条件评价的工作内容和方法。研究结果表明永古高速公路沿线工程地质与工程地震条件复杂多变,各区段均有特殊的工程地质问题和工程地震条件,施工设计中应根据各段特点采取相应的措施。